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2011

Acronyme du projet /

Acronym

DOCUMENT SCIENTIFIQUE B /

SCIENTIFIC SUBMISSION FORM B

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Acronyme du projet/ Acronym of the

project

SMS / SSW

Titre du projet en

français

Structurations des mondes sociaux

(réseaux, régulations, dispositifs, territoires)

Project title in English Structuring of Social Worlds (SSW) (networks, regulations, devices, territories)

Responsable

scientifique et

technique du

projet/Project manager

(chercheur, enseignant

chercheur…)

Nom, Prénom / Last name, First name : Michel GROSSETTI

Etablissement / Institution : PRES

Laboratoire / Laboratory : LISST (CNRS, EHESS, UT2)

Numéro d’unité/Unit number : UMR5103

Aide demandée/

Requested funding

9 498 411,52 €

TVA non récupérable incluse

Champ(s)

scientifique(s) du

projet/Scientific field(s)

of the project

Sciences de la Matière et de l’Energie

Sciences du Système Terre-Univers-Environnement

Sciences de la Vie et de la Santé

Sciences du Numérique et Mathématiques

Sciences Sociales

Humanités

Ce projet, ou un projet

proche, a-t-il été soumis

pour LABEX2010 ?

Non Oui

Acronyme du projet :

Coordinateur du projet :

Ce projet est-il la suite,

pour tout ou partie, d’un

ou plusieurs projets

soumis à LABEX2010 ?

Non Oui

Acronymes des

projets

Coordinateurs

Ce projet est-il partie

prenante d’un projet

d’Idex ?

Non Oui

Acronyme de l'Idex :


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Etablissement coordinateur (voir définition ci-après) / Institution leading

the project (project leader – see definition in the call for proposals)

Nom de l’établissement / Institution name Statut / Status

PRES « Université de Toulouse » EPCS

Etablissement gestionnaire de l’aide (voir définition ci-après), à

compléter si différent de l’établissement coordinateur / Institution managing the fundings (see definition in the call for proposals), to be

completed if different from the project leader

Nom de l’établissement / Institution name Statut / Status

PRES « Université de Toulouse » EPCS

Affiliations des unités partenaires (voir définition ci-après) du

projet/partner’s affiliation (see definition in the call for proposals)

Laboratoire(s)/ Laboratory

Numéro(s) d’unité/ Unit number

Tutelle(s)/Research organization reference

LISST UMR 5193 CNRS, Université Toulouse 2, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales

FRAMESPA UMR 5136 CNRS, Université de Toulouse 2

CERTOP UMR 5044 CNRS, Université Toulouse 2, Université Toulouse 3

Dynamiques Rurales MA 104 UT2, INPT, Ministère de l’agriculture

PLH EA 4153 Université Toulouse 2

LEREPS EA 4212 Université Toulouse 1

LASSP EA 4715 Institut d’études politiques de Toulouse

AGIR (IODA and MEDIATIONS) UMR 1248 INRA - SAD


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RESUME / SUMMARY ....................................................................................... 4 1. DESCRIPTION SCIENTIFIQUE ET TECHNIQUE DU PROJET / TECHNICAL AND SCIENTIFIC

DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT ..................................................................... 6 1.1. Description du programme, ambition, pertinence et strategie

scientifique/ Program description, vision, ambition and scientific strategy ....... 6 1.2. Presentation scientifique du projet de recherche/ Scientific

description of the research project ................................................................... 10 1.3. Impact du programme sur la formation/ Impact on training .............. 19 1.4. Impact socio-économique du programme /Socio economic impact ..... 20 2. ORGANISATION ET GOUVERNANCE DU PROJET/ORGANIZATION AND GOVERNANCE ........20 2.1. Responsable scientifique et technique/principal Investigator ............ 20 2.2. Organisation du partenariat / Partnership .......................................... 21

2.2.1 Description, adéquation et complémentarité des unites partenaires/Partners’ description, relevance and complementarity 21

2.2.2 Qualification, rôle et implication des UNITES partenaires / Qualification, role and involvement of the partner units : 30

2.3. Gouvernance /Governance .................................................................. 32 2.4. Stratégie des etablissements/Institutional strategy ........................... 33 3. JUSTIFICATION DES MOYENS DEMANDÉS/ FUNDING JUSTIFICATIONERREUR ! SIGNET NON DÉFINI.

3.1.1 Programme de recherche/ Research project Erreur ! Signet non défini. 3.1.2 Programme pédagogique/ Teaching project Erreur ! Signet non défini. 3.1.3 Valorisation/ Exploitation of results and technology transferErreur ! Signet non défini. 3.1.4 Gouvernance/ governance Erreur ! Signet non défini. 3.1.5 Budget global Erreur ! Signet non défini.


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RESUME / SUMMARY

The labeEx SMS brings together researchers from five Research Units of the University of

Toulouse le Mirail specialized in sociology, history, geography and anthropology and other

teams or researchers from Toulouse specialized in political science and economics, informatics

and information and communication. The total number of researchers involved is 379.

A project to renew and converge Human and Social Sciences The objective of LabeEx SMS is to build a new vision of social worlds based on the

originality arising from the project researchers’ experience in the analysis of social networks,

an experience which makes the Toulouse site unique in the French and European Human and

Social Sciences context. It is impossible to understand social networks or for them to account

for the complexity of social phenomena in isolation from other dimensions of these social

worlds, including the material devices that underlie everyday social activity, forms of

regulation (standards, rules and norms) that provide the framework for the same activity and

the territories in which it unfolds. The Toulouse site has the advantage of including a group of

researchers who have not only mastered the most up to date approaches to these different

dimensions of the social world, but who have been working for several years to make them

converge around methodological seminars and workshops. This broad range of competencies

justifies the project’s ambition.

Education LabeEx SMS aims to establish cross-disciplinary modules across different Masters offered

by the departments and supporting research units. For First Degree courses, SMS will provide

the intellectual basis for developing new interdisciplinary courses to train students on the

approaches and the most advanced knowledge about the social world.

Social Demand

We will set up a unit to interface with this social demand, made up of researchers and

support staff provided by institutions to respond in a coordinated manner when necessary,

through expert studies, debates or initiating in-depth research projects.

Governance

SMS, like all laboratories of excellence, is a long-term project, which involves a system of

organization that is independent of the people who initially developed it. This organization is

based on four ruling bodies:

- A Board of Directors whose members are the head of LabEx and representatives of

research units involved in the project, PACS, research vice-presidents representing the

institutions concerned and 3 representatives of civil society. It appoints the members of the


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steering committee, who are proposed by the head of LabEx and also appoints the latter. It

appoints members of the Scientific Council on the recommendation of the Steering Committee.

It assesses the organizational functioning of LabEx on an annual basis, supported by the

expert opinion of the Scientific Council. The Board shall ensure the consistency of LabEx

activities with the orientations of the laboratories and institutions, and monitor the ripple

effects on the whole of the local scientific community.

- A Steering Committee, proposed by the head of Labex and reappointed every two years.

It is made up of the main leaders of research and seminar activities. It determines the

allocation of allowances, in consultation with the laboratory directors and with the graduate

schools (to which applicants’ files are submitted) for theses and with the directors of

laboratories for postdoctoral grants. It selects the research operations to be initiated and

manages them from day to day.

- A General Meeting of permanent and non-permanent researchers involved in the project

meets once a year. It advises on the direction to be taken by laboratory research.

A Scientific Council, made up of six international experts on the themes of the project

(social networks, systems, regulation, territories). The Scientific Council assesses the activity

of Labex every two years (theses launched, research operations, seminars). It ensures the

proper integration of LabEx activities into the dynamic of international scientific activities.

The following have already agreed to participate in this committee: Tom Snijders, University

of Groningen and Oxford; André Petitat, professor at the University of Lausanne and

President of the International Association of French Language Sociologists; Marc-Henry

Soulet, professor at the University of Fribourg and editor of the journal "SociologieS"; Didier

Wranken, professor at the University of Liege and vice president of the International

Association of French Language Sociologists; Vladimir Kolosov, Professor and Director of the

Centre for Geopolitical Studies and Institute of Geography of the Russian Academy of

Sciences and vice-president of the International Geographical Union and Sebastian Lentz,

Professor, Director of the Leibniz-Institut für Länderkunde, Leipzig, Jacques Revel, historian,

Research Director emeritus of the Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales, Richard L.

Kagan, historian, professor at University Johns Hopkins, Jean-Benoît Zimmermann,

economist, Research Director at CNRS, director of the GREQAM Laboratory.

Use of funds Labex will support young researchers, hence the emphasis on thesis grants and post-

doctorate grants. Il will support courses, ambitious research operations, emerging projects

and methodology workshops. We also regularly invite foreign lecturers for short stays. We

will also support short stays abroad by researchers involved in the project. We will actively

support the translation into various languages of works created within the scope of SMS in

order to promote them internationally.


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1. DESCRIPTION SCIENTIFIQUE ET TECHNIQUE DU PROJET /

TECHNICAL AND SCIENTIFIC DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT

1.1. DESCRIPTION DU PROGRAMME, AMBITION, PERTINENCE ET STRATEGIE

SCIENTIFIQUE/ PROGRAM DESCRIPTION, VISION, AMBITION AND SCIENTIFIC

STRATEGY

A project to renew and converge Human and Social Sciences The objective of LabeEx SMS is to build a new vision of social worlds based on the

originality arising from the project researchers’ experience in the analysis of social networks,

an experience which makes the Toulouse site unique in the French and European Human and

Social Sciences context. It is impossible to understand social networks or for them to account

for the complexity of social phenomena in isolation from other dimensions of these social

worlds, including the material devices that underlie everyday social activity, forms of

regulation (standards, rules and norms) that provide the framework for the same activity and

the territories in which it unfolds. The Toulouse site has the advantage of including a group of

researchers who have not only mastered the most up to date approaches to these different

dimensions of the social world, but who have been working for several years to make them

converge around methodological seminars and workshops. This broad range of competencies

justifies the project’s ambition.

The Local and National Context The first invitation to tender approved a Toulouse-based project (AIST), and a superficial

reading of it might suggest that the research topics are close to those discussed by SMS. It is

therefore immediately necessary to explain what makes SMS a very different (and

complementary) programme. The AIST objective is to apply the conceptualizations and

mathematical models developed to account for economic activity from assumptions about

individual behaviour, themselves modelled on the assumptions of the theory of rational

choice, to all social phenomena. The LabeEx SMS is grounded in a group of human and social

sciences (history, sociology, anthropology, human geography, anthropology, social

psychology, economics), which state that social phenomena are influenced by historical

processes and lead to the emergence of forms that may not be reduced to the aggregation or

composition of individual actions. The researchers working together on the SMS project are

making the construction of empirical data on social phenomena their priority focus. SMS is

similar, in its epistemological positioning, to several existing human and social sciences

projects in France, such as the "Intelligence of Urban Worlds" project or the "Science,

Innovation and Technology in Society" Project. Its particularity lies in its more fundamental

theme and the fact that it builds on the contribution of research into social networks.


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An Interdisciplinary Project which includes Education ...

This momentum towards a form of internal multidisciplinary social science also aims to

stimulate major changes in education, which currently suffers from its inherited historical

disciplinary boundaries and is no longer as relevant to the needs of students as it has been in

former times. The LabeEx SMS offers to lay the intellectual foundations defining the scope of

science and social science in which the theories and methods are well identified and

interrelated. This would enable students and researchers to master the basics of several

disciplines on the basis of clear reference points on the common concepts underpinning them.

LabeEx SMS aims to establish cross-disciplinary modules across different Masters offered by

the departments and supporting research units. They will focus, in particular, on the methods

and crossdisciplinary theoretical and epistemological issues addressed in the project. These

modules will be available to Masters students as an option in the current five-year contract

(2011-2016), but it will be possible to integrate them more directly into models of the masters

of the next contract or even, in some cases, during the current contract (2014). For First Degree

courses, SMS will provide the intellectual basis for developing new interdisciplinary courses

to train students on the approaches and the most advanced knowledge about the social world.

These First Degree courses will be drawn up in the forthcoming five-year contract.

... And linked to Social Demand

The issue of multidisciplinarity is also evident in relation to the different forms of social

demand that are constantly being made on human and social science researchers, ranging

from demands from journalists looking for insight into complex phenomena to those made by

public institutions of all types urgently seeking explanations and including citizens who rely

on the expertise of researchers for the intellectual ammunition required to challenge different

public authorities. The disciplines are finding it increasingly difficult to cope separately with

this steadily rising demand.

Therefore, SMS, in connection with the department in charge of promoting research at the

University of Toulouse Mirail, will set up a unit to interface with this social demand, made

up of researchers and support staff provided by institutions to respond in a coordinated

manner when necessary, through expert studies, debates or initiating in-depth research

projects. This unit’s tasks will also include feedback to researchers on emerging topics and

social issues. Furthermore, in regard to information and communication technologies, areas

subject to numerous requests, a Laboratory of Usages will be set up to organize online

interaction between researchers and their counterparts (see below).

Achieving Excellence through the Dynamic of Collective Endeavour and Relevant

Results

Although they are concerned about the visibility of their work, researchers involved in

LabeEx SMS are primarily focussing on the overall quality of the research produced and their

ability to produce results whose relevance must be strengthened over time as it is put to the

test of scientific debate. The SMS concept does indeed benefit from the experience of some of


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us in sociology and the history of science. The well-known phenomena of concentration on a

small proportion of published authors and scientific visibility, usually referred to as the "Lotka

Law,"1 are based on “double dipping”, a classic phenomenon within the social world. We

believe that the most quoted researchers are the most visible part of vast collective work by

the entire scientific community. If we separated this "elite" from its "base", it would die out

very quickly. We therefore believe that excellence is not the hallmark of an elite group of

researchers more well-known than their colleagues, but rather the overall quality of research

carried out by a site, region or country. This is why LabeEx SMS does not include

researchers selected solely on the basis of their scientific visibility, but rather those who

will join forces around the issues that the project aims to develop. The list of participants is

not closed but is instead intended to include all those who unite their efforts with those of

the project’s initiators.

The Decision to carry out Empirical Research and mobilize Teachers and

Researchers

We are relying on the fact that Labex will become increasingly productive first and

foremost by supporting young researchers, hence the emphasis on thesis grants (4 per year,

20 launched during the first 5 years) and post-doctorate grants (3 per year, or 15 during the

first 5 years), and secondly by intensifying research by teacher-researchers, hence the

presence of a line used to support courses, and thirdly by developing empirical research,

resulting in the project’s ambitious research operations, the funding of emerging projects and

methodology workshops (500 000 euros per year are allocated to these operations). We also

regularly invite foreign lecturers for short stays (1 week to 1 month). Invitations for longer

periods rely on existing systems (visiting professors from universities, chairs of excellence in

the region and hosting foreign researchers at the CNRS). We will also support short stays

abroad by researchers involved in the project. We will actively support the translation into

various languages of works created within the scope of SMS in order to promote them

internationally.

1 Lotka Alfred J. (1926). "The frequency distribution of scientific productivity". Journal of the Washington Academy of

Sciences 16 (12): 317–324.


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Cost of Project in € 1000’s

An 1 An 2 An 3 An 4 An 5 An 6 An 7 An 8

Governance 55 56 57 58 60 61 62 63

Development (including

translations and conferences) 100 102 104 106 108 110 113 115

Educational Program 82 84 85 87 89 91 92 94

Research Program 759 893 1027 1037 1048 1059 946 833

Thesis grants

124 124 124

124 124 124 124 124 124 124

124 124 124 124 124

124 124 124

Total Thesis grants 124 248 372 372 372 372 248 124

Post-docs 135 135 135 135 135 135 135 135

Foundational Projects 400 408 416 424 433 442 450 459

Emerging projects and

methodological workshops 100 102 104 106 108 110 113 115

Total 996 1135 1273 1289 1305 1321 1213 1104

Promotion through Networking As there are existing invitation systems for prestigious chairs in the Midi-Pyrenees

(Regional Council - Pierre de Fermat Chairs), we decided to focus on mechanisms to promote

the arrival of young researchers (thesis and post-doctorate research grants will be widely

open to non-local researchers) and short stays (1 week to 3 months) for foreign researchers in

institutions involved in the project or researchers from SMS in foreign institutions. Our major

objective is to increase as much as possible, the integration of project researchers into

international networks. Every two years SMS days will be held to report on areas of progress

in the project, involving the academic community, partners and the public.

A Driving Force

The LabeEx SMS is designed to maximize its inherent driving force. Although a group of

researchers specifically involved in its development and implementation lead it, it is designed


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to include researchers from the units working within the project and making a significant

contribution to the research undertaken. The Board of Directors, made up mainly of research

unit heads and vice-presidents of research departments from the institutions in question, plays

a central role in making this grounding a tangible reality. Its specific role is to ensure that SMS

is a tool to drive research programmes as a whole in the areas of humanities and social

sciences on the site.

1.2. PRESENTATION SCIENTIFIQUE DU PROJET DE RECHERCHE/ SCIENTIFIC

DESCRIPTION OF THE RESEARCH PROJECT

The Foundational Structures of Social Worlds: a key issue for Human

and Social Sciences The idea that the social world is something other, and much more than, a collection of

individuals has been a founding principle for the human and social sciences since their

emergence in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. On this basis, they have been structured

over time into distinct disciplines (history, geography, economics, sociology, anthropology,

social psychology, political science, etc.) and numerous theories have been formulated in an

attempt to describe what different eras and currents of thought have labelled "societies",

"social systems", "social structures", "social forms" or the "social area" (this list is far from

exhaustive). It gradually became clear that attempts to box in the complex forms that emerge

from social activities, and that in turn provide constraints for them, in descriptions or theories

that were too global (White, 2008), were unsatisfactory, and that a better solution would be to

address this complexity using various ways of identifying more limited aspects, which might

then be connected to each other. The conservative term "social worlds" (Becker, 1982), which

does not postulate the existence of an overall logic uniting social activities, expresses our

desire to address this problem, which is also the challenge of a truly multidisciplinary

approach. The development of research during the past century has also shown the need to

develop methods appropriate to the specific nature of social phenomena and the historical

traces that they leave, since they are less amenable than material substances to being trapped

in mathematical equations and laboratory experiments (Abbott, 2002).

Specific Characteristics of the Human and Social Sciences

The human social sciences do have specific characteristics linked 1) to those of the object of

their research, who are thinking beings able to apply scientific pronouncements to themselves

and change their behaviour accordingly, 2) to the proximity of some researchers to the objects

of their research, which logically and understandably enables them to use special means of

research such as immersion or empathy, 3) to the special relationship they have with politics

(broadly defined), 4) to the specific forms of determinism and predictability that they are able

to implement. In particular, if social phenomena display regularities that our sciences aim to

highlight, these may not be considered to be as absolute as the laws of physics, which apply to

all aspects of the universe, making accurate predictions possible. This indicates that it


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necessary to constantly observe social activities, using means specific to social sciences (the

study of historical records and archives, observation, interviews and questionnaires) and to

continually refine these tools in their different space-time contexts. It is helpful to use

mathematics as an analytical tool and not to build predictive models on assumptions that are

not sufficiently solid. One of the SMS goals is to develop a mode of cooperation that is

adapted to the specificities of humanities and the social sciences, working with

mathematicians and computer scientists.

Networks, Regulation, Devices, Territories: four cross-cutting

concepts

The accumulation over more than a century of empirical observations and

methodological and theoretical developments led to the gradual emergence of solid, proven,

but partial knowledge. Within this context, the researchers involved in LabEx SMS acquired

solid expertise and significant visibility in four complementary approaches to social

phenomena. The relationship networks between individuals or groups are a fundamental

structure of society and interact continuously with the material devices and the rules or

standards on the basis of which this interaction and coordination takes place. These three

aspects of social life are the basis for structuring the social worlds, making it possible to go

beyond individual actors and interactions to more complex and extensive social forms, which

can be seen as configurations linking these three types. In this way we are able to move

beyond "handy" local circles to very large networks through which information and influence

flow, from everyday objects to the economic and political worlds in which they are rooted,

from local rules governing organizations to universal laws and principles. Territories are

crystallizations rooted in these configurations, and may equally be at neighbourhood, nation

or world region level.

Networks

Although mathematical tools used for network analysis (graph theory, combinatorics, etc.)

may apply to sets of interactions or texts, the notion of a social network generally involves the

definition of a dyadic relationship that emerges from repeated interactions between two

people. Such a relationship is expressed through mutual understanding and commitment,

which are more durable than simple interactions, for which they also provide the framework.

Each of these relationships is connected to other relationships, and together they form a

network connecting each individual or, more generally, each social entity, to the social world

as a whole. A network is not a social group or organization: members do not actually need to

be conscious that they are part of it. A network has no memory or organizer. It is simply a set

of social relationships between individuals or between communities / organizations. Studies of

social networks based on this concept currently represent a major international development

and "social network analysis" is a well-established field with its own manuals (Degenne and

Forsé, 2004), seminars and a growing community of specialists.


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The concentration in Toulouse of a relatively large number, at European level, of social

network analysis specialists in sociology, history, economics, mathematics and computing led

in 2009 to the creation of an interdisciplinary think tank on this topic. There are currently

about 70 people in this group, but it continues to attract new teams and new projects. We have

developed innovatory approaches and methods in several areas: 1) the formalization of social

relationships on data and in distinct historical contexts (Bertrand, 2002; Bonnet, Krings, and

Valenti, 2011; Hautefeuille and Jouve, 2010); 2) the application of social network analysis to

research on the dynamics of economic clusters (Vicente, Balland, Brossard, 2010; Gay, 2008) or

analysis of the effects of the fact that economic activity is embedded in interpersonal

relationship networks (Grossetti, 2008; Grossetti and Barthe, 2008; Grossetti and Bes, 2001), 3)

dynamic analysis of personal networks (Federio, 2007, 2008; Grossetti, 2007), 4) combined

methods blending interviews, narrative construction and quantification. (Grossetti, Barthe,

Chauvac, 2011; Milard, 2010), 5) multi-agent simulation adapted to social network analysis

(Cazabet, Blanchard, Hanachi, 2010).

As part of LabeEx SMS, social networking specialists will engage in several foundational

empirical operations: "ICT and networks", "Migration and networks", "Transformations of

Production Spheres", "Transformation of aging processes," "Political speeches and practices. "

These operations are all interrelated empirical and theoretical projects involving constant

dialogue, particularly through shared methodological workshops.

Regulation

The notion of regulation is based on the idea that social activities permanently produce

rules and standards that, in return, provide a framework for these activities. These rules and

standards may be informal rules created in social groups or work teams, formal hierarchies,

laws and other legal systems. The suggested research into regulation explores a contradiction.

On the one hand, the political framework created by governments in France and Europe is a

basic factor both in terms of the behaviour that it drives and, equally, the individual and

collective resistance that it causes. As a result, the creation of this framework is increasingly

subject to negotiation and gives rise to tension between collective stakeholders and

individuals involved in production of the organisation. Hence the research programme on

"The Work of Organization", which aims to deepen study of the forms of social regulation that

develop in a context where organizations are precarious and institutions vulnerable (De

Terssac, 2003 and 2011). This approach, adopted by the institutions, also involves focussing on

both the source of their strength (rights, beliefs, bureaucratic support) and on transforming

factors (denationalization and questioning of their legitimacy, etc.). The work of researchers

associated with SMS on administrative staff, risks or the Europeanization of public policy are

part of this approach.

From the opposite point of view, the individualisation of public policy means that the

individual becomes an accountant in a society characterized by the building standards with

which he is explicitly associated. This tendency to add self-regulation to authoritarian and

bureaucratic regulation, giving individuals more autonomy of action and decision, is leading


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to the increasing participation of collective action in regulatory processes from the bottom up.

Hence research studies questioning public policy from this perspective, taking into account

the practical reality of the legal and socio-political conditions in which policies are received by

lay people (Thoemmes, 2010; Fromentin, Wojcik, 2008; Zelem, 2010 a), programmes are

implemented in the relevant territories (Pasquier, Simoulin, Weisbein, 2007), particularly

where standards promoted by the EU are concerned (Pasquier, Weisbein, 2004; Baisnée,

Pasquier, 2007; Raimbault, 2006). Work in the fields of water management, agri-environment

(Salles, 2006; Busca, 2010) or the control of energy demand (Zelem 2010 b), and education, or

the regulation of relationships between gendered social groups, is confronted by the issue of

evaluating the effectiveness of these regulatory processes.

The management systems pertaining to environmental standards and certain crises such as

oil spills (Itçaina, Weisbein, 2011), public policies on food (Poulain, 2009) or education (ANR is

currently being directed by P. Raimbault and V. Larrosa) and environmentalism are, amongst

others, new forms of regulation developing on the fringes or intersections of traditional

institutional regulations. Meanwhile, changes with administrative implications in France, in

relation to both staff and to the procedures for carrying out their duties (Eymeri, Dreyfus,

2006; Eymeri Douzan-Pierre, 2010, Tanguy, 2010) would seem to imply a public authority that

is more complex, more open to the social environment and even more diverse than has

previously been the case.

These scientific objectives will be present in all the operations proposed in the context of

SMS. This will be even more the case with regard to operations under 3 (structuring the

scientific world), 5 (new forms of aging) and 6 (historical analyses of social networks in their

relationships with power structures). The approaches via networks, territories, systems,

objects and regulations do, in fact, appear here as complementary, since it is a combination of

these approaches that makes it possible to capture social reality and to analyse it.

Devices

Driven by the sociology of science and technology in particular, humanities and the social

sciences have, in recent decades, increasingly referred to material devices that equip and

provide the framework for social activity, and which are the object of the third approach.

Researchers involved in the project have acquired particularly strong expertise on the subject

of commercial mediation, on the objects that provide the framework for economic transactions

(packaging, advertising material and the material organization of trade), as well as the

extension of principles of commercial mediation to organisations (customer-supplier

relationships, quality certification, risk management...) and their equipment through various

techniques and technical systems - focus on quality, risk management, supplier development,

ERP (enterprise resource planning ) and workflow, EDM (electronic document management),

shared databases and the interoperability of software and artefacts ... Very early on they also

developed research into electronic communication and its practices.

Work on the sociology of technology introduced in the 80's by B. Latour, Callon, M. and J.

Akrich Law has made it possible to reintroduce technical objects as intrinsic and closely


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related participants in social interactions, both acted upon and acting in interpersonal or inter-

organizational practices and relationships. In addition to this, one of the fundamental

characteristics of contemporary societies is the development of "expert systems" which

participate in the process of relocation / transfer on which economic globalization and trade

are largely based (Giddens, 1994). The mobilization of this type of expert systems requires the

establishment of "sufficient" trust in the "validity of abstract systems" (ibid. p 41) which

human or nonhuman2 "access points" make present and acceptable. Simondon, identifying

what he calls "the broad species of technical realities," also paved the way for the current

questioning of devices by considering how machines take the form of technical networks in

which "the continuity between the production centre and points of use is maintained through

space and time "(2005, p 100). He invites us to question how "by growing to network

dimensions, the technical reality turns back towards the centre in its later development stages,

changing and giving it structure (or rather, texture), taking into account its general lines" (ibid.

p101). The agentivity of material devices must be examined within this overall development

process, as both a constituting factor and constituent part of the process of structuring social

worlds. At the same time it is appropriate to study the specific configurations, in which these

material devices equip and provide a framework for social activity, and of which this activity

shapes the equipment. Such examination implies moving beyond the traditional divide, based

on an essentialist understanding of technology, between design activities, which are

considered to be the sole responsibility of engineering, computing or design, and humanities

and the social sciences (Feenberg, 2004). Joint studies between researchers who share this

approach and researchers from the above-mentioned areas of research are an important

foundation from this perspective, which involves the examination of the devices as interactive

processes of design, deployment, and use. On a broader scale, close collaboration both

nationally and internationally3 has resulted in a research dynamic that is both locally rooted

and firmly anchored in the progress made in research within the various disciplines involved.

As part of LabeEx SMS, device specialists will be involved in several structuring operations,

including: "ICT and networks", "technical artefacts" and "transformation of the productive

worlds."

Territories

The fourth approach, focusing on the territories, is the result of the specific nature of

Toulouse-based research in Human Geography and Planning, which developed on the basis of

close dialogue with sociology and economics. The notion of territory makes it possible to

address spatial phenomena by highlighting the fact they are intertwined with social and

political activities (Jaillet, 2009). The Toulouse metropolitan area and its surrounding region

have long been a laboratory for studying socio-urban processes. The specific features and the

economic success of Toulouse have given rise to the development of expertise in the area of

2 Onboard staff who welcome passengers onto a plane with different packaging displaying the origin of products

sold... 3 Further details are given within the structuring operations described for this approach.


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local industrial systems based on innovation, including the identification of emerging

economic clusters that are no longer based on product specialization, but rather on the

concentration of a type of technical competence (Grossetti, Zuliani, Guillaume, 2006). Over the

past decade, Toulouse-based researchers have worked in lands around the world (Pliez, 2003,

for example), and developed particularly innovatory research on mobility and migration, a

topic on which they enjoy international recognition, particularly through the notion of

"circulatory territory" developed by Alain Tarrius (2002) and work on the most contemporary

economic movements (Pliez. 2010). SMS researchers have developed significant expertise in

methods of spatial analysis from large location based databases.

Research Operations

The following is a list and summary presentation of research operations to be initiated

during the first two years, either as a structuring operation implemented from the first year

onwards or as a preliminary definition of operations to be further elaborated at a later date.

More detailed versions figure in the project annexes.

Operation 1: "ICT and social networks: the development of personal networks and

relational practices connected with the development of communication devices"

(moderators: Michel Grossetti, Emmanuel Eveno)

Are bonds created "online" any different from the "ordinary" bonds analysed up to now by

research into social networks? Does the existence of electronic means of communication affect

the size and structure of personal networks? Does it influence the type of relationship (more

bonds between people with strong social similarities, for example)? Their distribution in

space? Or labour relations? To answer these questions, this research project uses: 1.

Quantitative or mixed surveys for the purposes of comparison with previous surveys, 2.

Observational surveys and interviews on specific populations, 3. Analysis of electronic

evidence: screenshots, data from the web, including social networking devises used in a home

or office environment.

Operation 2: "Migration and Networks" (Moderators: Olivier Bend, Chantal Bordes-

Benayoun, Alain Tarrius)

This is an empirical and methodological research exchange platform at the intersection

between research into migration and networks. It will harmonize the research conducted in

different parts of the world (Algeria, Brazil, China, France, Senegal) in order to establish how

the network of market places, which usually emerge informally, fits into urban areas, where

their role is growing. How may their territorial dimensions, their local or regional economic

influence may be measured and mapped? Are not models for transnational markets

emerging? They tend to become prominent issues for urban authorities that lead governments

and stakeholders in the economic sphere to build a new image of cities, since it is no longer

possible to plan them without taking the effects of globalization into consideration.


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Operation 3: "Structuring the Scientific World" (moderators: Denis Eckert, Michel

Grossetti, Corinne Bonnet)

The scientific world is a sphere of activity in which many of the approaches developed by

SMS researchers may be tested. The historical part of the operation will be based on historical

data on scholars and antiques collectors between the sixteenth and nineteenth centuries and

Ancient History scholars of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. For more

contemporary analysis, the project will mobilize bibliometric sources, an area in which project

researchers have excellent experience, combined with field studies on citation practices. The

common goal is to understand the dynamics of the interaction between network structures

and scientific content. Using the same data sources, SMS researchers are engaged, with other

teams, in developing the geography of scientific activity. This involves studying the current

spatial logic of scientific activity at local level (cities, regions) and national and international

level, linking it to a historical analysis of the construction of scientific institutions and their

spatial deployment during the last two centuries.

Operation 4: "Transformation of the Productive Worlds" (moderators: Pierre Triboulet /

Daniele Galliano / Jean-Marc Olivier / Jean-Marc Zuliani / Jérôme Vicente / Olivier

Brossard / Joaquim Haas)

The “Transformation of the Productive Worlds" operation aims to combine the skills of

economists, geographers, sociologists and historians in order to deepen understanding of the

interaction and structuring mechanisms within the networks and groups that govern

innovation dynamics. A first operation will be launched, involving the acquisition and

analysis of a database compiled from 1986 to the present day from European programmes on

mobile phones. The second operation will focus on the analysis of science-industry

collaborations in relation to cluster policy. A third operation will examine the influence of

social networks and the spatial environment on the innovation processes of firms, with

particular emphasis on agro-food firms. Finally, two other operations will look at the

development of databases and network analysis in the aerospace industry.

Operation 5: "New Forms of Aging" (Moderators: Monique Membrado, Alice Rouyer)

The sociology of "old age" analyses aging as a process and as a series of both biographical

and relational transitions which take place throughout and give meaning to later life. It

particularly highlights their lack of linearity and their heterogeneity. We know, for example,

that, while life expectancy without disability is increasing in the higher age brackets, social

and gender inequalities continue to exist. These transitions and situations will be analysed

using longitudinal studies. Our proposal involves following two groups of older people, one

aged from 60 to 65, the other from 75-85. Comparisons will be made on several issues - health,

social network (including the family network), activities, residential practices, relationships

with healthcare systems, etc. – for the same group of 65 year olds (men and women) at the

time of the survey, monitored over a period of five or 10 years (sample, internet access...).


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Operation 6: "Historical Analysis of the Relationship between Social Networks and

Power Structures" (moderators: Michel Bertrand and Florent Hautefeuille)

This operation will harmonize analysis of social networks in historical situations during the

medieval period and the modern period. The problem of the social network dynamic is at the

heart of studies of the peasant world during the late Middle Ages, a period of intense

economic, social and demographic upheaval. Over and above the individual, how does the

network structure continue to exist, when, for example, a population undergoes 2 / 3 renewal

through mortality or migration? What changes did the disappearance of serfdom bring about

to the overall organization of society? Similarly, what is the basis for the exercise of power in

the societies in question, still under the Ancien Regime, namely those in the Western

Mediterranean world? Is there any specific Mediterranean characteristic or issue on which the

establishment and legitimization of the exercise of power is based? This raises the issue of

vehicles for the exercise of the power. Is being in a position to exercise power all that is

required in order to exercise it effectively? In other words, complete understanding of the

ways in which power may be exercised may not be achieved by examining the titles, honours

and responsibilities obtained by those who exercise it. It must therefore include consideration

of individual human relationships, all of which are channels through which all exchanges

associated with the exercise of power flow. Although the consideration of family and / or

lineage relationships is required for this reconstruction, it is not sufficient in itself. Other types

of relationships not necessarily subject to sacred rites (as are family ties through the sacrament

of marriage), must be taken into consideration, be this friendship, patronage, or even

“sweetheart agreements”.

Operation 7: "Networks and Social Worlds in Low Density Areas" (moderators: Bernard

Charlery, Danielle Galliano) (an emerging project)

How are the social worlds structured, recomposed and developed in rural areas, especially

low density areas? The idea here is to analyse the structure, diversity and development of

social networks in rural areas and to identify how knowledge and expertise circulates in these

areas, to demonstrate the role of town / country interactions and the growth of relationships

with urban worlds as the boundaries between these areas are reset. The work to be carried out

will, in particular, involve the analysis of sources of innovation in rural industrial firms,

network operation and development in rural and suburban agricultural areas (especially in

relation to the concentration of farms and the reconfiguration of the agricultural production

worlds in the areas), conflicts, arrangements and systems linked to the management of natural

resources, interaction dynamics between urban and rural environments and the growing

interpenetration of these areas, leading to restructuring of territories and their environment.

Particular attention will be given to the analysis of mobilities and the construction of resource

systems and solidarity networks interconnecting the rural and urban worlds. The

implementation of the theoretical and methodological frameworks of SMS (surveys on social

networks and the use of ICT in rural areas, for example) will pave the way for renewed

analysis of these areas.


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Methodology Workshops The methodology workshops are designed to develop crosscutting methods

appropriate for use by human and social science researchers. They take the form of seminars

based on mutual exchange of experiences and training modules. Four workshops will be set

up at the beginning of the operation. They are summarized here and a more comprehensive

presentation is given in the Annexes.

Workshop 1: "Textual Analysis" (moderators: Pascal Marchand, Pierre Ratinaud and

Elisabeth Perroux)

The development of electronic communication has produced an increasingly large body of

texts, including those associated with public debate. Analysis of these texts is feasible only if

suitable lexical measurement tools are available. The "textual analysis" workshop has three

objectives: 1. to develop original software interacting with the numerous needs of SMS

researchers, 2. to train SMS researchers and students in textual analysis techniques and 3. to

organize thinking about textual analysis methods and their uses.

Workshop 2: Ethnography of Socio-Technical Associations (moderators: Frank Cochoy

and Anne Mayère)

"How may we understand the complex arrangements between social and technical systems,

on which the dynamics of organizational configurations and market now depend?" Our

objective is to answer this question, and, from this perspective, to develop a methodological

framework and a technical platform: "Archaeology of the Present "and "Quantitative

Ethnography" , with the aim of building up a crosscutting approach and methodology. We

hope that the latter will lead to: a) the constitution of a distinctive and innovative contribution

from Toulouse to Social Science Research, b) the unifying of various research programmes

between the laboratories mobilized by the LabEx SMS.

Workshop 3: "Network Analysis" (moderators: Michel Grossetti, Corinne Bonnet,

Ainhoa de Federico, Frédéric Amblard)

This workshop will discuss and give training on traditional approaches to social network

analysis (personal networks, complete networks), based on the most up-to-date models and

software (Pajek, SIENA) on the one hand and, on the other hand, on the innovative

approaches specifically developed by the project researchers: mixed methods used to analyse

the chain of relationships mobilized (Grossetti, Barthe, Chauvac, 2011), methods used in the

analysis of scientific networks based on interviews on the citations ( Milard, 2011) and multi-

agent models applied to social network analysis (Cazabet, Amblard, Hanachi, 2010).

Workshop 4: "Electronic records as a source for SHS" (moderators: Johann Chaulet,

Caroline Datchary)


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Among the factors with a strong bearing on the structuring of the social worlds, the

Internet and the Web play a leading role. They are, indeed, at the root of many of the changes

that sometimes create an upheaval in our ways of living together. These new resources do

affect social relationships and they also have a significant effect on the work of those who

strive to understand and analyse them. Theoretical and methodological reflection is therefore

needed on the question of how the web can and should be used as part of social science

research. This workshop intends to address both the documentary dimensions of the Web as a

resource centre where knowledge is made available, and the Web as a place where all or part

of the body of research concerned may be constituted.

Interfacing with Social Demand

SMS, in conjunction with the University of Toulouse le Mirail Research Development

Department, will set up a joint unit to interface with social demand, consisting of researchers

and support staff provided by institutions, in order to respond in a coordinated manner when

required, through expert studies, the organization of debates or initiation of in-depth research.

This unit will also feed back to researchers on emerging social problems. It will also organize

thinking about the ethical aspects of research and studies on the social worlds.

Furthermore, with regard to information technology and communications, for which there

are numerous requests, a "Laboratory of Usage" will be created as a focal point for research

and reflection on new forms of social exchange based on ICT. It will involve researchers from

SMS, contractors and designers of communication devices. This will make it possible, for

example, to track users and to reconstruct "usage careers" likely to reveal processes for which

a single search is insufficient. The usage laboratory will also be a place for reflection and for

developing complementary, innovative methods of investigation (qualitative and quantitative

surveys, experiments, laboratories, computer surveys, collection of evidence...). It will

therefore operate in close harmony with the methodological workshop focussing on Web

analysis methods. Experimental devices will be installed in appropriate places for the uses and

situations to be analysed and tools may be developed to meet specific research needs

(software programming, creation of capture systems, facilities...). The experience of the project

leaders also puts them at the crossroads between numerous teams specialized in these areas in

France and abroad. Joint operations therefore exist and may be strengthened, with, amongst

others, teams from Orange Labs, Telecom ParisTech, the Nice Joint Laboratory of Usage, the

Troyes University of Technology and the Universities of Barcelona and of Columbia, into

which some have been integrated, which has meant that they have been able to develop

knowledge and joint projects that are still in operation.

1.3. IMPACT DU PROGRAMME SUR LA FORMATION/ IMPACT ON TRAINING

Establishment of multidisciplinary lessons built on the work of SMS at undergraduate and

postgraduate level (see 1.1).


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1.4. IMPACT SOCIO-ÉCONOMIQUE DU PROGRAMME /SOCIO ECONOMIC IMPACT

Coordination of SMS researchers’ responses to social demand (see 1.1.)

2. ORGANISATION ET GOUVERNANCE DU PROJET/ORGANIZATION AND

GOVERNANCE

2.1. RESPONSABLE SCIENTIFIQUE ET TECHNIQUE/PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Michel GROSSETTI was born in 1957 and is director of research at the CNRS in the area of

sociology. He studied mathematics at the University of Toulouse 3 (Master in Applied

Mathematics in 1981) and sociology at the University of Toulouse 2 (First Degree in 1980,

Master in 1982, Ph.D. in 1985 and accreditation to supervise research in 1997).

He directed the Centre for the Study of Rationality and Knowledge (Cers), as UMR of the

CNRS and the University of Toulouse le Mirail between 1999 and 2003. He was then deputy

director of the CIRUS UMR (the body resulting from the merger of the Cers and CIEU), then

the LISST. He is currently a member of the CNRS National Committee (sections 36 -

"Sociology, Standards and Rules" - and 42 - "Communication Sciences"). He has served on

several expert committees and selection committees in the area of sociology. He has served as

an expert for the ANR, AERES, INRA, ENS Cachan, Île de France region, Rhône-Alpes and the

Provence-Alpes Cote d'Azur regions. He is a member of the Editorial Board of the Journal of

Anthropological Knowledge. He has conducted evaluations for many scientific journals

(including Social Networks, Computer Mediated Communication, Higher Education, International

Sociology, ...).

Michel Grossetti has conducted research into social networks, innovation, spatial dynamics,

social science methodology and sociological theory. He has published or directed seven books

including Sociologie de l’imprévisible. Dynamiques de l’activité et des formes sociales (Sociology of

the Unexpected. Dynamics of Business and Social Forms) (Presses Universitaires de France,

2004) (with Thierry Blöss) Introduction aux méthodes statistiques en sociologie (Introduction to

Statistical Methods in Sociology) (Presses Universitaires de France, 1999). He has also written

53 articles in peer-reviewed journals (including the Revue Française de Sociologie French Review

of Sociology, Les Cahiers Internationaux de Sociologie The International Journal of Sociology, les

Actes de la recherche en sciences sociales Social Science Research Proceedings, Sociétés

Contemporaines Contemporary Society, Social Networks , European Planning Studies, Built

Environment, la Revue d’économie régionale et urbaine the Journal of Urban and Regional

Economics, les Annales de la Recherche Urbaine the Urban Research Journal). An important

feature of his work is its strong involvement in multidisciplinary collaborations with

historians, geographers, economists, and sometimes as chemists or phonetic experts. In

addition to his books or articles in sociology, he has published, alone or jointly, numerous

articles in economics or geographical journals, contributions to collective historical works and

conference proceedings in phonetics.


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2.2. ORGANISATION DU PARTENARIAT / PARTNERSHIP

2.2.1 DESCRIPTION, ADÉQUATION ET COMPLÉMENTARITÉ DES UNITES

PARTENAIRES/PARTNERS’ DESCRIPTION, RELEVANCE AND COMPLEMENTARITY

The project is due to the strong involvement of researchers in the units presented in the

following pages.


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1. LISST : LABORATOIRE INTERDISCIPLINAIRE SOLIDARITÉS, SOCIÉTÉS, TERRITOIRES

(UMR 5193)

INTERDISCIPLINARY LABORATORY ON SOLIDARITY, CORPORATIONS AND

TERRITORIES

The LISST is a Joint Research Unit established on 1 January 2007 from the merger of several

teams and combines sociologists and anthropologists who are urban specialists. It is headed

by Denis Eckert, with Deputy Directors Guillaume Rozenberg, Olivier Pliez and François

Sicot. Its members are interested in solidarity (whether this takes the form of spontaneous

arrangements or of systems established by public policy), societies (globalization and / or the

fragmentation of social worlds and production of inequalities) and territories. The areas

researched are present on all continents, from Asia to Europe, including the Americas.

The unit includes 85 permanent members, including 20 CNRS researchers, 48 teacher-

researchers and more than 110 PhD students. 17 members of the unit are responsible for

providing technical, scientific and administrative support.

The LISST consists of three teams: the Centre for Social Anthropology (Ethnology), the

Centre for the Study of Rationality and Knowledge (Sociology), the Interdisciplinary Centre

for Urban Studies (Geography), which are heavily involved in basic and applied research. Its

members contribute to the teachings of 7 basic or professionally oriented masters in the areas

of planning, urban development, sociology and social anthropology (University of Toulouse le

Mirail-2, EHESS, Toulouse-3, Albi).

The LISST provides teaching for PhD courses leading to three Doctorates ("Urban and

Regional Studies," "Anthropology" and "Sociology") at the University of Toulouse-2 and the

PhD. in anthropology at the EHESS.

The six interdisciplinary areas of LISST research have the capability to participate in the

work and contribute to the achievement of the specific SMS objectives.

1. Knowledge and Innovation: Networks, Mediations and Territories: Social networks,

artistic creation and economic development based on innovation, the territorial analysis of

science, knowledge of nature, knowledge acquisition and ICT.

2. Religion, Memory and Group Construction: Memories, memories of violence, new

rituals, heritage, identity and ethnicity.

3. Life Paths and Living Spaces: Habitat, housing, intergenerational issues, moving

towards adulthood, solidarity, neighbourhood/district issues, suburban lifestyles, social

networks, family and aging.

4. Healthcare Experiences and Systems: Health and work, chronic illness, disability,

addictions, care relationships and vulnerability.

5. Migration, Diasporas, Exchanges and Ethnicization: Migration, population movements,

diasporas and "Globalization from the bottom up".

6. Towns, Cities and Regional Reconstructions: Governance, urban segregation, urban

systems, economic activities, travel, digital territories and sustainable urban development.


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2. FRAMESPA

FRANCE MÉRIDIONALE ET ESPAGNE : HISTOIRE DES SOCIÉTÉS DU MOYEN AGE À

L'ÉPOQUE CONTEMPORAINE (FRAMESPA) – UMR 5136

SOUTHERN FRANCE AND SPAIN: SOCIAL HISTORY FROM THE MIDDLE AGES TO THE

PRESENT DAY (FRAMESPA)

Director: Jean-Marc Olivier, Scientific and Technical Manager for Labex: Michel Bertrand.

Aeres 2009: A +

The "Southern France and Spain: Social History from the Middle Ages to the Present Day"

(Framespa) UMR, created in 1995 and reorganized in 2002, focuses on the long-term study of

European societies. It seeks to grasp dynamics and crises involved, using diverse sources and

methods and often borrowing concepts from history’s sister disciplines such as archaeology,

sociology, economics, geography and anthropology. The chronological range covered is very

broad, from the medieval period to the twenty-first century, but it has proven to be very

appropriate for the long term social history perspective adopted by most members of the unit,

with its changing landscapes, social networks, family structures and types of production,

taste, migration and identities ... From a geographical point of view, a strong and southern

Iberian tropism remains, with some Latin American extensions.

UMR 5136 has 97 researchers and writers of academic publications. This mainly academic unit

today includes 5 CNRS and 7 ITA researchers.

Four topics clearly stand out as the major thrust of the Unit:

1: The Iberian and Latin American Worlds;

2: Terrae: The Archaeology and History of Southern Medieval Societies;

3: Identities, Cultures and Contacts,

4: Stakeholders, Economies, Societies.


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3. Présentation du CERTOP (Centre d’Etude et de Recherche Travail Organisation Pouvoir –

UMR 5044)

Centre for Study and Research Labour Organization Power

The CERTOP is led by Vincent Simoulin (PR) and includes 4 CNRS researchers, 46

permanent teacher-researcher members, 16 ITA / BIATOS research assistants, 66 PhD students

and 52 teacher-researcher associate members.

CERTOP research activities focus on public policy, labour, risk, consumer and market

sociology, food and health, training, qualifications and university systems, gender,

environment and tourism. The first priority for all of its members, across the board, is to better

understand the regulation work operating in our societies by combining the collective and

organisational dynamics specific to business logic and individual trajectories and the

institutional dynamics specific to public policy and to the functioning of market and societal

dynamics. The second priority is to combine a study on the production of social order and

processes of maladjustment, stigmatization and resistance and the third is to conduct a

methodological reflection on the methods to be implemented to achieve these objectives.

Within the CERTOP, the studies are structured around three areas: "Collective Dynamics,"

"Institutional Dynamics" and "Societal Dynamics."

The first includes the SPOT teams (production system and work organization), SAGESSE

(Knowledge, Gender and gender relations) and the Toulouse PMT research team (Occupations

and the Labour Market) associated with the CEREQ. The SPOT team leads the MADO

"Management of Organizations” Master, (Hanoi) and has a coordinating role (in partnership

with the TAPAS team) within the MAPE (" Management of Public Action and Businesses ")

Master. The SAGESSE team runs the GPS ("Gender and Social Policies") Master. The CERTOP

runs a documentation centre with a gender sociology fund, which is a flagship project in

France and Europe, and has began to interconnect other leading French funds in this area.

The second unites the TAPAS (Territories, Public Action, Actors) and TRAME (Techniques,

Relations, Actions, Market, Public Area) teams. TAPAS has a coordinating role (in partnership

with SPOT) in the MAPE Master, whereas TRAME has a leadership role (in partnership with

LISST researchers and other CERTOP teams) in the RES ("Research and Study of the Sociology

") Master.

The third area includes research teams TAS (Tourism, Food, Health), PEPS (environmental

policy and social practices) and ECORSE (Team, Health, Risk, Communication, Environment).

The TAS team coordinates a large number of Master-level courses: "Management Industry

Tourism and Hospitality," "Power" and "Tourism and Development" (Foix). Masters are also

coordinated by TAS in Malaysia, Poland, Ecuador and Vietnam. The PEPS team runs the

Master "Environmental Policy and Social Practice." The ECORSE team manages an

"Information-Communication" M2R and a "Risk Communication Health / Environment"

Master (M1 and M2 pro and M2R).


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4. Dynamiques rurales UMR MA 104

Rural Dynamics

The "Rural Dynamics" laboratory brings together teacher-researchers and geographical,

economic and sociology researchers working in interdisciplinary mode, to do "rural" research.

These teachers are mainly from three institutions working with the laboratory: the University

of Toulouse II-Le Mirail (UTM), and especially its Department of Geography, the Institut

National Polytechnique de Toulouse INPT, through the Ecole Nationale Supérieure

Agronomique de Toulouse and the ENSAT, Ecole Nationale de Formation Agronomique-

ENFA.

The team has 28 teacher-researchers including 9 HDR, 3.5 FTE ITA / BIATOSS, 12 associate

researchers and 43 PhD students.

The laboratory focuses its research on transition and the new rural areas in North and

South countries, with the objective of reviewing the relevance of the rural environment and

territory for the study of socio-economic dynamics and patterns of spatial organization in

North and South societies.

Research topics include:

1) The diversity of agricultures, environments and productive territories. The aim is to

question the productive role of rural areas and, first and foremost, of agriculture, with relation

to the evolution and coexistence of different models of agriculture in the face of market

changes, demand and the constraints of sustainable development;

2) Living, eating, and working in rural areas or how to live within the complexity and

uncertainty of rural territories. The research aims to analyse how new reference areas are built,

how the increased complexity of relationships with the countryside is managed and how new

modes of social relationships exist in a plural, dynamic form of movement somewhere in-

between city and countryside. The research also strives to integrate the study of dynamic

relationships between men and women and between generations;

3) The renewal (regionalization) of public policy and of rural project territory. The main

objective is to identify the construction of rural society through analysis of the production

mechanisms of regional public policy, by examining the development logic of public policy

frameworks, modes of governance and types of resources. What is the scale and what

stakeholder systems are involved in the areas of public intervention appropriate for

addressing the problems posed by the rapid transformation of societies and rural areas?


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5. PLH (Patrimoine, Littérature, Histoire – EA 4153)

The aim of PLH research is to analyse the relationship between and methods of associating

past and present, using a philology, history and hermeneutics-based approach. The fields of

literature and the historical sciences are perceived as areas relating to and involving issues of

memory and as spaces of creativity and interaction, on the basis of a crosscutting method

using comparisons between disciplines, cultural areas and periods, from antiquity to recent

contemporary periods. Three lines of research stand out: drawing up an inventory of cultural

heritages and reflecting on the ways in which our societies integrate them; and studying

knowledge construction, transmission, translation and transposition phenomena, analysing

the relationship of past and contemporary societies with the notion of "heritage" and

"memory".

In PLH, ERASME is the only team in France to work specifically on how antiquity is

received. It explores the various forms of critical dynamic relationship that give the ancient

worlds contemporary relevance through the links between past, present and future. In 2005 it

was responsible for the creation of the magazine "Anabase. Traditions et Réceptions de

l’Antiquité." Among its approaches, are "Sharing Knowledge: Historiography, Philosophy and

Literature" and "Scientific Networks and the History of Knowledge during the Antiquity

period (Fourteenth to Twentieth centuries)" at the crossroads of several disciplines and

approaches to literary, historical and social studies. One of its objectives is to identify the

process of structuring and dismantling knowledge networks on the basis of their historical

and geopolitical contexts. Drawing on tools developed at Stanford University as part of the

"Mapping the Republic of Letters" projects, the objective is to map trade and reconstruct

knowledge territories.

PLH-ERASME has participated in "The literary world" ACI and GDRI, coordinated by C.

Jacob (CNRS Paris) and the editorial work "The places of knowledge," 1, "Spaces and

communities" (http://lieuxdesavoir.hypotheses.org/lieux-de-savoir-1) has organized several

Symposia, Workshops and Seminars on the archaeology of knowledge and academic social

networking, is involved in research on academic relationships and coordinated a PPR for the

creation of an "IT Portal on Relationships between Nineteenth and Twentieth Century French

Antiquity Scholars", in its test phase.

PLH has a total of 55 permanent teacher-researcher members, 50 PhD students, 65 teacher-

researcher associate members and an administrative manager to support research.

Director: Daniel LACROIX

Team Directors: Jean-Marc LUCE (ARCT), Jean-Yves Laurichesse (ELH), Corinne Bonnet

(Erasmus).


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6. LEREPS

LEREPS, EA 4212, LABORATORY STUDY AND RESEARCH ON ECONOMIC, POLICY

AND SOCIAL SYSTEMS

DIRECTOR: Charilaos KEPHALIACOS, PROFESSOR OF ECONOMICS AT ENFA.

Assistant Director: Olivier BROSSARD, Professor of Economics at IEP Toulouse; MED

Kechidi, Lecturer HDR A UNIVERSITY Toulouse Le Mirail.

EMPLOYEES: 17 13 STANDING WITH HDR, 10 ASSOCIES, 36 doctoral and post-

DOCTORAL.

The host team is LEREPS of UT1 and a collaboration agreement with the ENFA giving it a

label by the Ministry of Agriculture ("UMR" LEREPS the Ministry of Agriculture). An

agreement is being signed which would institutionalize the attachment side of the team at the

IEP, Toulouse, University Toulouse Le Mirail and ENFA, the main connection remaining to

the University of Toulouse 1-Capitol. Indeed, the LEREPS favor a multidisciplinary approach

and empirical economic issues that led him to establish relationships with these institutions.

The unit has two lines of research:

Axis 1: Space and territories

The first axis is developed in the laboratory since 1980. Research conducted unfold around

two themes: a microeconomic issue mainly devoted to work crossing research in economic

geography and industrial economics (Axis 1.1), models of local development and questions

governance of territories (Axis 1.2).

Axis 2. Dynamics of organizations in the financialized knowledge economy

Born around the research questions concerning the financial relations and the evolution of

ownership structures of groups, LEREPS is expanding its research refocusing in two

directions: organizational change and the knowledge economy (Axis 2.1) , the dimensions of

the relationship between financial and productive strategies implemented by groups (Axis

2.2).


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7. LASSP

The Laboratory of Social and Political Science focuses on the one hand to the specific nature

of political phenomena, which relate to the processes of government, understood as all

activities to maintain or change the social order in one or several political societies, and always

have to do, more or less, with the use of methods of coercion and persuasion as legitimate

because it is legitimized, and also highlights the interest of a plurality of scientific approaches

differentiated policy forms.

This is why the LaSSP hosts political scientists, lawyers, historians, sociologists, researchers

information science and communication, anthropologists and economists who, while studying

political phenomena each according to his own framework analysis, look at them from the

same perspective - that, for shorthand, one might say "real" and "from below" (bottom up).

Whether studying the political and administrative institutions governing world as concrete or

practical to study the reception and uses so-called "ordinary" or "semi-secular" discourse of the

political professionals, including European dimension, it's always the economy of concrete-

real interactional practices social actors which draws the particular interest of researchers in

the laboratory.

This common perspective is available in two main areas of research:

Axis 1: "Governments, administrations and public policy."

Research conducted in the axis 1 will continue to study governing institutions, which are in

perpetual reconstruction, among them the state, but of course the various "levels of

government," taken in configurations and " scale games " ranging from local through the

regional and nation-state to the EU.

Axis 2: "Media, culture and politics."

The research perspectives of axis 2 are available around two research projects. The research

program "The transformation of internal economies of journalistic and political fields" will

evaluate and theorise the current transformations of journalistic and political fields. This is to

initiate a reflection on the transformation on joint and interrelated fields of journalism and

national politics. The second program, "socialization, political mobilizations Commitments

and Practices" is redeploying around the concept of politicized practice. It is about developing

the achievements of political sociology in France which continues to show and prove itself,

while integrating critical inputs and some real (albeit confused and mixed) and some work

really heuristics of Cultural Studies of Birmingham from which the so-called sociologies of

"reception", the Gender Studies, Subaltern Studies became the Post-colonial studies. Once re-

sociologized, these Anglo-American perspectives could indeed usefully enrich the work of

mobilization, commitment and trial policies


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8. INRA/INP : teams IODA (Innovations, Organisations et Dynamiques agro-industrielles)

and MEDIATIONS

Ioda and Médiations are two teams of social sciences in the multidisciplinary UMR (social

sciences and biotechnical sciences) AGIR, which includes 65 permanent members and 31 non

permanent members. The UMR and the two teams have received Aeres A rating (2001 to 2014

A grading).

The scientific objective of the team IODA (economics) is to describe, analyse and model the

innovation dynamics of actors in the food industry and their interaction with network and

territorial dynamics. The research mobilizes the conceptual frameworks of the knowledge

economy and organizational economics in its approach to knowledge creation and

dissemination methods within and between organizations as sources of competitiveness. In a

context of increasing pressure from markets, the challenge is to improve understanding of

how agro-industrial actors are organized to meet the objectives of sustainable development

and offer new products incorporating environmental and health constraints.

The main research questions concern 1) the determining structural and spatial innovation

factors affecting the organisation as an individual stakeholder and 2) the new modes of

individual and collective coordination within the sectors underpinning the innovation

strategies of the organizations and mobilizing a set of systems and localities (spatial,

organizational, institutional and cognitive), in order to innovate. The originality of our

approach is linked to its joint consideration of the organizational and spatial dimensions of

innovation processes. The research methodology is based on a significant mobilization of

databases from surveys of official statistics and field surveys produced by the team. The Ioda

team has developed a longstanding policy of inclusion and collaboration with the Social

Science laboratories in Toulouse that allows it to expand its procedures and expand its

sectorial approaches. As a result it is involved, for example, in a LEREPS working group on

Agro-industrial Dynamics. It contributes to the ReSTo (Social Networks in Toulouse) group and

is working with the LISST, the Certop and Framespa through regional projects (such as Local

Skills Systems 2005-2007 and the FUI Geowine project 2007-2011). The team also contributes to

the European Monitoring Centre for localized EuroLIO innovation data.

Concerning Médiations (management and géographie), the objective of is to produce knowledge

about the processes, mechanisms and tools of mediation between farmers, local actors, agents

and institutions that accompany development (development agencies, local authorities,

institutions training, unions, cooperatives ,...). The aim is to provide an analysis and the

accompanying changes in farming. The two teams are integrated into the graduate school

TESC and several of its members are involved in PhD teaching.


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2.2.2 QUALIFICATION, RÔLE ET IMPLICATION DES UNITES PARTENAIRES / QUALIFICATION,

ROLE AND INVOLVEMENT OF THE PARTNER UNITS :

Nom/Surnam

e

Prénom/First

name

Poste/Position Discipline/D

omain

Unité

partenaire

/Partner

Etablissement

partenaire/Orga

nization or

company

Rôle dans le projet (4 lignes

max.) / Contribution in the

project (4 lines max)

Amblard Frédéric Maître de

Conférences

Informatique UMR 5505 Université de

Toulouse 1

Animateur de l’atelier sur

l’analyse des réseaux sociaux,

correspondant IRIT

Bertrand Michel Professeur Histoire UMR5136 Université de

Toulouse 2

(IUF senior)

Animateur de l’opération

« réseaux de pouvoir »,

correspondant FRAMESPA Bonnet Corinne Professeur Histoire EA 4153 Université de

Toulouse 2

(IUF senior)

Animatrice de l’opération

« mondes scientifiques »,

correspondante PLH

Bordes-

Benayoun

Chantal DR Sociologie UMR 5193 CNRS Animatrice de l’opération

« réseaux et migration »

Brossard Olivier Professeur Economie EA4212 Université de

Toulouse 1


« mondes productifs »,

correspondant LEREPS Charlery de la

Masselière

Bernard Professeur Géographie MA104 Université de

Toulouse 2


« transformation des rapports

rural-urbain », correspondant

« Dynamiques Rurales »

Cochoy Franck Professeur Sociologie UMR 5044 Université de

Toulouse 2

Animateur de l’atelier

« ethnographie des usages

Chaulet Johann CR Sociologie UMR 5193 CNRS Animateur de l’atelier « traces

numériques »

Datchary Caroline Maître de

Conférences

Sociologie UMR 5193 Université de

Toulouse 2

Animatrice de l’atelier « traces

numériques »

De Federico Ainhoa Maître de

Conférences


Toulouse 2

Animatrice de l’atelier « analyse

de réseaux »

Darras Eric Professeur Science

Politique

EA4715 Institut d’Etudes

Politiques de

Toulouse

Correspondant LASSP

Dkaki Taoufiq Maître de

Conférences

Informatique UMR 5505 Université de

Toulouse 2

Animateur de l’atelier « analyses

de réseaux »

Doucet Christine Maître de

Conférences

Histoire UMR5136 Université de

Toulouse 2


« réseaux de pouvoir »

Eckert Denis DR Géographie UMR 5193 CNRS Animateur de

l’opération « mondes

scientifiques », correspondant

LISST

Eveno Emmanuel Professeur Géographie UMR 51

93

Université de

Toulouse 2

Animateur de l’opération « TIC

et réseaux »

Galliano Danièle DR Economie UMR 1248 INRA Animatrice de l’opération

« mondes productifs »,

correspondante IODA

Grossetti Michel DR Sociologie UMR 51

93

CNRS Responsable scientifique du

projet.

Animateur des opérations « TIC


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et réseaux » et « Mondes

scientifiques ».

Animateur de l’atelier « analyse

des réseaux ».

Haas Joaquim Ingénieur Sociologie UMR 5044 CEREQ Animateur de l’opération

« mondes productifs »

Hautefeuille Florent Maître de

Conférences


Toulouse 2



Judde de

Larivière

Claire Maître de

Conférences


Toulouse 2



Marchand Pascal Professeur Information

et

Communicat

ion

EA 827 Université de

Toulouse 3


textuelle »

Mayère Anne Professeur Information

et

Communicat

ion

UMR 5044 Université de

Toulouse 3

Animateur de l’atelier

« ethnographie des usages

Membrado Monique Ingénieur Sociologie UMR 5193 CNRS Animatrice de l’opération

« nouvelles formes du

vieillissement »

Monthubert Erwane Enseignante

contractuelle

Information

et

communicati

on

EA 4715 Institut d’Etudes

Politiques de

Toulouse

Animatrice du « laboratoire des

usages »

Olivier Jean-Marc Professeur Histoire UMR5136 Université de

Toulouse 2



Perroux Elisabeth Chercheure Géographie UMR 5193 CNRS Animatrice de l’atelier « analyse

textuelle »

Pliez Olivier Directeur de

recherches

Géographie UMR 5193 CNRS (médaille

de bronze)


« migrations et réseaux »

Ratinaud Pierre Maître de

Conférences

Information

et

Communicat

ion

EA 827 Université de

Toulouse 3


textuelle »

Rouyer Alice Maître de

Conférences

Géographie UMR 5193 Université de

Toulouse 2

Animatrice de

l’opération « transformations du

vieillissement »

Simoulin Vincent Professeur Sociologie UMR 5044 Université de

Toulouse 2

Correspondant CERTOP

Vicente Jérôme Maître de

Conférences

Economie EA 4212 Institut d’Etudes

Politiques de

Toulouse



Tarrius Alain Professeur

émérite


Toulouse 2


« migrations et réseaux »

Triboulet Pierre Ingénieur Economie UMR 1248 INRA Animateur de l’opération


Weisbein Julien Maître de

Conférences

Science

Politique

EA 4715 Institut d’Etudes

Politiques de

Toulouse


« réseaux et TIC »

Zuliani Jean-Marc Maître de

Conférences

Géographie UMR 5193 Université de

Toulouse 2




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Nom du partenaire Affiliation Effectifs / Catégorie de personnel

(chercheurs, ingénieurs, doctorant …)

LISST

CNRS, Université Toulouse 2, Ecole des Hautes Etudes

en Sciences Sociales

85 permanents (dont 23 CNRS) ; 164

non permanents

FRAMESPA CNRS, Université de Toulouse le Mirail


non permanents

CERTOP CNRS, Université Toulouse 2


doctorants

Dynamiques Rurales 27 permanents, 52 non permanents

PLH Université Toulouse 2 56 permanents, 50 doctorants

LEREPS Université Toulouse 1 20 permanents ; 36 non permanents

LASSP Institut d’études politiques de Toulouse 13 permanents, 13 non permanents

AGIR (équipes IODA et

Médiations) INRA – SAD, INP 5 permanents, 5 non permanents

2.3. GOUVERNANCE /GOVERNANCE

SMS, like all laboratories of excellence, is a long-term project, which involves a system of

organization that is independent of the people who initially developed it. This organization is

based on four ruling bodies:

- A Board of Directors whose members are the head of LabEx and representatives of

research units involved in the project, PACS, research vice-presidents representing the

institutions concerned and 3 representatives of civil society. It appoints the members of the

steering committee, who are proposed by the head of LabEx and also appoints the latter. It

appoints members of the Scientific Council on the recommendation of the Steering Committee.

It assesses the organizational functioning of LabEx on an annual basis, supported by the

expert opinion of the Scientific Council. The Board shall ensure the consistency of LabEx

activities with the orientations of the laboratories and institutions, and monitor the ripple

effects on the whole of the local scientific community.

- A Steering Committee, proposed by the head of Labex and reappointed every two years.

It is made up of the main leaders of research and seminar activities. It determines the

allocation of allowances, in consultation with the laboratory directors and with the graduate

schools (to which applicants’ files are submitted) for theses and with the directors of

laboratories for postdoctoral grants. It selects the research operations to be initiated and

manages them from day to day.

- A General Meeting of permanent and non-permanent researchers involved in the project

meets once a year. It advises on the direction to be taken by laboratory research.

A Scientific Council, made up of six international experts on the themes of the project

(social networks, systems, regulation, territories). The Scientific Council assesses the activity

of Labex every two years (theses launched, research operations, seminars). It ensures the

proper integration of LabEx activities into the dynamic of international scientific activities.

The following have already agreed to participate in this committee: Tom Snijders, University


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of Groningen and Oxford; André Petitat, professor at the University of Lausanne and

President of the International Association of French Language Sociologists; Marc-Henry

Soulet, professor at the University of Fribourg and editor of the journal "SociologieS"; Didier

Wranken, professor at the University of Liege and vice president of the International

Association of French Language Sociologists; Vladimir Kolosov, Professor and Director of the

Centre for Geopolitical Studies and Institute of Geography of the Russian Academy of

Sciences and vice-president of the International Geographical Union and Sebastian Lentz,

Professor, Director of the Leibniz-Institut für Länderkunde, Leipzig, Jacques Revel, historian,

Research Director emeritus of the Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales, Richard L.

Kagan, historian, professor at University Johns Hopkins, Jean-Benoît Zimmermann,

economist, Research Director at CNRS, director of the GREQAM Laboratory.

The head of Labex will be assisted by a technical coordinator, on secondment from one of

these bodies or financed by the project.

2.4. STRATÉGIE DES ETABLISSEMENTS/INSTITUTIONAL STRATEGY

Le PRES « Université de Toulouse has defined its strategy as follows:

« The PRES “Université de Toulouse” (Research and Higher Education cluster) was founded

in 2007 by 6 HE Institutions: Université Toulouse I Capitole (Law, Economics, Management),

Université Toulouse II Le Mirail (Arts, Literature, Humanities and Languages), Université

Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier (Science, Technologies and Health), Institut National Polytechnique

de Toulouse (Engineering School), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Toulouse

(Applied Sciences), Institut Supérieur de l’Aéronautique et de l’Espace (Aeronautics and

Space) and, in addition, 11 HE associate members. The aims of the PRES “Université de

Toulouse” are to enhance the attractiveness of Toulouse academic institutions, to gain a

leading edge in the areas of training and research and to offer the best opportunities to

students. A global strategy is proposed by the University of Toulouse academic community to

rise to the challenges of the knowledge economy in a context of globalisation in research and

higher education. The University of Toulouse will be in a position to compete in the

international arena, attracting some of the world's best researchers and students into its virtual

campus of excellence. It will revolutionise the Toulouse academic landscape on two crucial

levels: governance and attractiveness ».

In a local context where the natural sciences and technology have an important place, the

Labex SMS aims to build on the very real forces already present in the research units involved

(almost 400 researchers), an extensive group of social scientists, visible and effective, able to

communicate with colleagues in other sciences and provide the tools for understanding the

social worlds, which are not reducible to nature or technology.


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2.5. EXPANDED VERSIONS OF RESEARCH OPERATIONS AND WORKSHOPS

The Research Operations to be Developed

The following are the research operations to be pursued during the first two years, either as

a foundational operation or in predefined form.

1. ICT and social networks: the development of personal networks and relational

practices in connection with the development of communication systems (research

leaders: Michel Grossetti, Emmanuel Eveno) "What are the social networks doing to social networks?" The question that is central to this

project may be summed up in this somewhat caricature-type manner. Indeed, the term "social

network" can refer in different contexts to sets of relationships between individuals or

organizations, reconstructed by social scientists (Degenne and Forsé, 2004) or to social media

such as Facebook, LinkedIn, Viadeo, etc.. Accumulated research suggests that the

characteristics of personal networks are relatively stable over time and space. It may simply be

noted that life in large cities appears to favour segregated relationships and networks that are

less dense than those observed in rural environments. The interactions during which the

relations are created, grow, change or break involve a fairly extensive use of communication

systems, such as mail, telephones, and the Internet. It is generally believed that the appearance

of the telephone was not accompanied by extensive changes to personal networks. However,

the emergence of electronic communications has raised questions on changing relationships

and networks (Wellman, 2001). Some questions have still not been clearly answered: are

relationships formed "online" different from the "ordinary" relationships analysed to date by

research into social networks? Does the existence of electronic means of communication affect

the size and structure of personal networks? Does it influence the type of relationship (more

links between people with strong social similarities, for example)? Does it affect their spatial

distribution? Or labour relations?

To answer these questions, this research project will include:

1. Quantitative or combined surveys for the purposes of comparison with past surveys: a

monitoring panel from Caen (longitudinal monitoring of 80 people, which began in 1995 when

they were aged 18) (in collaboration with Claire Bidart and Alain Degenne), a comparable

survey conducted in the Toulouse region in 2001 (400 respondents) and a wider original

survey (3000 people) with a shorter questionnaire.

2. Observational surveys and interviews involving specific populations (people living in

rural areas, geographically mobile people, Erasmus students and the homeless), interaction

systems (such as dating sites) or specific situations (work contexts and social movements).

3. Analyses of electronic evidence: screenshots, data from the web, including data from

social networks, used in the home or office environment.

Key Participants: Marie-Pierre Bes (MCF), Johann Chaulet (CR CNRS), Caroline Datchary

(MCF), Ainhoa de Federico (MCF), Emmanuel Eveno (PR), Michel Grossetti (DR CNRS),


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Beatrice Milard (MCF) Mathieu Vidal (MCF), Anne Mayer (PR), Isabelle Bazet (MCF), Sylvie

Bourdin (MCF), David Bruno (MCF), Angelique Roux (MCF), Roland Canu (MCF).

Planned Collaborations: Claire Bidart (LEST, Aix en Provence); Degenne Alain (CNRS,

Caen), Alexis Ferrand (PR, Paris), Bernard Conein (PR, Paris), Jose Luis Molina (Autonomous

University of Barcelona), Miranda Lubbers (Autonomous University of Barcelona); Jarriego

Isidro Maya (University of Seville), Jean Luc Bouillon (University of Versailles Saint Quentin).

2. Migration and networks (research leaders: Olivier Bend, Chantal Bordes-

Benayoun, Alain Tarrius)

Research on "the foreigner" and into diasporic forms and inter-national or transnational

mobilities is being continued by the Member States, whose boundaries and identities are

under pressure. The observation has, however, been made on a fairly wide scale, that none of

these dimensions seems sufficient in itself to authoritatively reset the unstable contours of

contemporary migration in a globalized world.

This project is an exchange platform for empirical and methodological research situated at

the crossroads between research into migration and research on networks. The increasing

diversity of migrants’ situations, migration routes and strategies (facilities, passages, corridors,

integration ...) but also the plurality of factories, practices, representations, appropriations and

the differing scales of territory affected, from street and neighbourhood up to city, often

obscures the (seemingly) chaotic situations on which the use of network research can shed

light. From the wide and abundant use of the term networks two interpretations have become

accepted. One of them highlights social networks and people as constructions of interpersonal

relationships, some of which have their framework or origin within groups of all kinds

(families, organizations, groups based on geographical origin, language or common

confession ...) and the other the human mobility patterns, the public policies that create or

constrain them and the transport systems which give them structure, emerging from within

spatial networks, which are made up of places and "paths" that may or not be easy to follow.

Several combinations may then be envisaged to enable researchers to understand the

networking dimension of human mobility patterns as dissimilar in their spatial and temporal

aspects as are those of migrants, students, transnational traders or diasporas. When area

networks appear to be stable, interpersonal relationships seem to be a determining influence

as to which paths should be followed rather than others and which movements succeed.

However, in the context of the longer periods of migratory transits caused by widespread

control of inter-or transnational movements and the opening and closing of the routes that

accompany them, these social networks are transformed throughout the areas crossed or

experienced. However, migration generally leads to a dynamic definition of the constituting or

reconstituting of places within changing territorial configurations. We are therefore able to

look at how networks of people trace routes which, through the opening of destinations,

repetition and intensification of traffic, the emergence of types of organization ("smugglers"

and other human resources) based on trust and reputation, become stronger links between the


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places involved and establishes them as part of the global route network.

The approach shared by researchers involved in this project is characterized by the emphasis

on the mobility of the routes as well as the necessary mobility of the perspective that

researchers must now have on objects with shifting boundaries. This involves qualifying

liquidity metaphors (Beck, 2006) and enhancing the importance of social and spatial

grounding through strong commitment in the field, extensive surveys, the methodological

innovations required by constant human mobility and an essential awareness of the need for

an interdisciplinary approach to regions in both North and South.

To address the social, urban, economic and symbolic changes leading to the linking of

migration and social networks, we may identify several themes likely enable us to combine

our expertise in the interpretation of the social and spatial processes during current and on-

going research programmes.

Thus, the "transnational worlds dynamic atlas" sub-project deals with the generalization of

products bearing the Made in China stamp and looks globally at trade practices arising in the

wake of the post-Fordist crisis of 1970-1980, at the initiative of small migrant entrepreneurs

from transnational communities linking a "here" (the attractive North) to a "there" (the

oppressed South), that of Latin Americans in the United States (Alejandro Portes), North

Africans in the EU (Alain Tarrius) or the Chinese in Africa today.

The social networks which have been consolidated, and which animate global exchange

networks, have learned to reconfigure them so that they become sustainable and adapt to

changing circumstances. These exchanges have since 2000 taken place in a context of neo-

liberalization, increased personal mobility and increasing fluidity in the terms of economic

exchange. The global economy has been marked by recent events such as the Arab revolt and

the financial crisis, and these are defining moments for the observation of the redeployments

carried out by the networks that drive rural markets or urban neighbourhoods in the large

supply centres of the world.

We will approach these changes by observing how, in different parts of the world (Algeria,

Brazil, China, France, Senegal) the network of market places, which usually develop

informally, are integrated into the urban areas, within which they have a growing role. How

should we measure and map the territory that they occupy or their local or regional economic

influence? Are not models of transnational markets emerging? These tend to become the

prominent issues of urban governance that lead governments and stakeholders in the

economic sphere to build a new image of cities, which can no longer be planned without

considering the effects of globalization.

3. The Structural Foundations of the scientific world (research leaders: Denis

Eckert, Grossetti Michel, Corinne Bonnet) The scientific world has the distinction of producing abundant records of its activities in the

publishing system and more recently on the websites of laboratories and researchers. From

one point of view, the scientific world may be seen as a sphere of activity on which many of


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the approaches developed by SMS researchers may be tested. It is also a specific social world,

studied as such by some of the teams involved in the project (Grossetti and Losego, 2003, for

example, and Bonnet, Krings, and Valenti, 2011). We will discuss this further from a network

and territory perspective, using data already largely established.

Scientific networks swing between cooperation and competitiveness, functioning as a virtual

science laboratory where one tests ideas and hypotheses, but they are also an area of

structuring, regulation, hierarchy, or even exclusion, in that they deploy the ability to validate

scientific practices and products amongst peers. The purpose of the reconstruction and

analysis of intellectual networks is therefore to identify personal and collective "territories". In

different contexts and periods, scientific networks can be reconstructed on the basis of

connections between researchers, citations, or the co-writing of articles identified by

bibliographical databases (Web of Science, Scopus, etc..) and participation in joint projects. The

project aims to compare the work of scientific networks on different research areas, including

the social sciences, at different times. In its historical aspect, it will be based on historical data

from antique collectors in the South of France (from Bordeaux to Lyon and from Perpignan to

Nice), that is to say, scholars and antiques collectors from the sixteenth to nineteenth centuries,

and historians of Antiquity between the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, using

the archives of several scientists (Franz Cumont, Ulrich von Wilamowitz Moelledorff), Nazi

and Fascist Antiquity specialists and networks of North African Antiquity specialists or those

working in North Africa). For more contemporary analysis, the project will mobilize

bibliometric sources, since project researchers have solid experience in this area, combined

with field studies on citation practices. The joint goal is to understand the dynamic

interactions of the network structures and scientific content.

Using the same data sources, SMS researchers are engaged, with other teams, in the

development of a geography of science. This involves studying the current spatial

development of scientific activity at local level (cities, regions) and national and international

levels, linking them to a historical analysis of the construction of scientific institutions and

their geographical deployment during the last two centuries. Current processes involved in

the globalization of activities and scientific activity are in fact based on national regions

shaped by a long series of public policy and social processes, regions that are themselves

changing (growth and geographical decentralisation of institutions of higher education and

research, political restructuring and integration in transnational areas of political cooperation

such as the European Union). How are the scientific "maps" developing? How do the balances

between the different areas operate and what tensions do these balances reveal? For this

aspect of the project, researchers will build on work already done as part of an on-going

project funded by the ANR on geocoding scientific publications and reconstitution of "science

conglomerations". The combination of network analysis and spatial analysis will give rise to a

new understanding of science in different contexts of globalization (ranging from the

"Republic of Letters" to the Internet).

Participants: Jacques Alexandropoulos (PR), Anthony Andurand (Young Doctor), Marie-

Pierre Bes (MCF), Corinne Bonnet (PR, IUF), Johann Chapoutot (Associate Member, Grenoble,


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IUF), Denis Eckert (DR CNRS), Annick Fenet (Associate Member, Asian Society), Philippe

Foro (MCF), Michel Grossetti (DR CNRS), Laurent Jégou (IE), Véronique Krings (MCF),

Beatrice Milard (MCF), Pascal Payen (PR), Grégory Reimond (Associate Member), Sarah Rey

(post-doc Münster), Aurélie Rodes (PhD student), Mariette Sibertin Blanc (MCF), Catherine

Valenti (MCF).

Collaborations: Academia Belgica, Rome (Franz Cumont archives)

French School in Rome: Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres (Paris)

Stanford University (the "Mapping the Republic of Letters project)

4. Transformation of the Productive Worlds (research leaders: Pierre Triboulet /

Daniele Galliano / Jean-Marc Olivier / Jean-Marc Zuliani / Jérôme Vicente / Olivier

Brossard / Joaquim Haas) Economic activity is organized around productive spheres, that is to say, groups of people

and organizations who share specific types of activities, social relationships and social

networks, technical devices and forms of regulation. These worlds always combine

competitive and cooperative reasoning throughout relationship networks that are often long

lasting. They are not closed, but rather interpenetrate and overlap in all directions. They are

not static, they evolve, are rebuilt continuously, and have differentiated properties of

resilience.

The "Transformation of the Productive Worlds" operation aims to combine the skills of

economists, geographers, sociologists and historians in order to deepen understanding of

interaction and network structure mechanisms governing the innovation dynamic. The

researchers involved in this operation have considerable work experience, acquired through

joint research projects, working groups and seminars. The research to be developed as part of

SMS will be based on the achievements of previous work widely disseminated today through

various programmes and international exchanges4.

A first operation will be launched with the acquisition and analysis of a database from

European programmes on mobile phones in 1986 to the present. This database contains all the

data on relationships and localization for the entire period. It will be used to examine the

development of economic geography in this technological area by focusing on the resilience of

the clusters with regard to the life cycle of technology standards. This approach will then be

extended to other areas of technology, especially aerospace and food processing.

The second operation will focus on the analysis of science-industry collaborations in

relation to the policy of clusters. We have a database for all research projects (FUI and ANR)

funded or supported by the 71 French clusters between 2005 and 2010. The objective is to

analyse the structure of collaborative networks and their development, in order to determine

what geographical and / or sectorial cluster boundaries are relevant levels for the development

of the innovative systems located. The analysis will be complemented by more qualitative

4 See the works by the following authors, mentioned in the bibliography: Jean-Marc Olivier, Jérôme Vicente, Olivier Brossard,

Danièle Galliano, Pierre Triboulet, Michel Grossetti, Jean-Marc Zuliani and Joachim Haas.


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studies based on interviews with a sample of clusters, including those in the Midi-Pyrenees

region.

A third operation will examine the influence of social networks and the spatial

environment on the firms’ innovation processes, with particular regard to agro-food firms. It

will aim to further analyse the role of spatial externalities approached on the basis of the

classical dichotomy between MAR type specialization externalities and Jacobs type

diversification externalities. The work will involve both the community survey on innovation

available every two years in France and various surveys and databases, to describe both the

firms’ networking and spatial structure and the industrial structure of the areas.

Two other operations will, finally, examine the development of databases and network

analysis in the aerospace industry. The first will focus on the articulation of specialization and

the cross-disciplinary use of skills in the formation of production networks and innovation in

the world of aviation. The analysis of network development will demonstrate how, in the long

term, the local roots of dynamic industrial sectors can coexist with forms of skill

redeployability towards other fields of technology, markets and areas of application (we will

examine embedded systems in this programme). The analysis of these tensions between

specialization and crossdisciplinarity will draw on consideration of urban environments in

terms of services (KIBS: Knowledge Intensive Business Services) and techno-scientific skills.

The second will focus on a more micro-economic dimension, by empirically highlighting the

“human resources” component within the construction of social networks. The benefit for

organizations in terms of their embeddedness in productive networks and accessibility to

external knowledge in particular, is obtained through the role of specific actors. Empirical

analysis based on the construction of a sample of SMEs / SMIs in the aerospace sector, will

seek to identify, within personal and productive networks, the technology gatekeepers and

knowledge brokers that both structure the dissemination of knowledge and enable organizations

to increase their absorptive capacity.

Finally, the knowledge developed concerning the structural and geographical dynamics of

networks will make it possible to question and clarify innovation politics that are today based

on "all-important network".

5. New forms of Aging (research leaders: Monique Membrado, Alice Rouyer) Existing data on the older population (both quantitative and qualitative) is used to provide

a snapshot of age groups in time T. It is, for example, possible to identify the number of

people at home at age 85, their health, their family network, their experiences of aging, their

relationships with healthcare systems, etc.

We know little, however, about their situation at 65 years of age and the conditions that

have kept them alive and, in some cases, in very good health, or on their future. Forecasts are

possible and are made, particularly on the proportion of "dependents" and the number of

potential "carers" (INED), but data is lacking on more refined monitoring to improve

understanding of developments.


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The sociology of "old age" analyses the aging process as a series of transitions, both

biographical and relational, taking place throughout and giving meaning to this latter part of

life. It particularly highlights their lack of linearity and their heterogeneity. We know, for

example, that while life expectancy without disability is increasing in the higher age brackets,

social and gender inequalities persist.

Analysis of these transitions and situations would be enhanced by longitudinal studies. The

advantage of this method is firstly to avoid the pitfall of setting rigid age groups (senior

citizens, the third age, the fourth age, etc..), and making their boundaries sensitive. This would

also make it possible to enter developments taking place in the same group (the same

generation followed over a long enough period), which would provide data on the social

characteristics of a particular generation and its developments. For example, an

epidemiological survey conducted in Toulouse (INSERM), on a sample of people aged 75, has

shown that five years later, those who expressed a sense of futility had died. Take the case of

the baby boomers. How will this generation, which has changed in terms of quality of life, of

social, family changes, social values (increase in value of autonomy) ... age? One might

presume that it would have the capacity to change relationships with and attitudes towards

old age, that it would develop other solidarity practices, other uses of care systems (family,

professional or institutional), but is it as homogeneous as one might think? Will it change its

behaviour as much as we imagine? By contributing to knowledge about the course of life,

through some dimensions that remain to be identified, this research may both enhance our

knowledge on the course of life, a method already partially implemented by some research

work (particularly in the U.S.) and contribute to making the choice of pension policies, for

example, more relevant and more in line with demand.

Research has been pioneered in the field (research by F Cribier on the housing situation of

two groups of Parisian pensioners and the end of life, that of C. Lalive d'Epinay on people

aged 80 to 84, monitored over a 5-year period, and a Swilsoo survey). Our proposal is to

follow two groups of older people, one aged 60 to 65, the other 75-85. This will provide

material for comparison on several points - health, social network (including family),

activities, residential practices and relationships with the health services, etc. for the same

group, aged 65 (men and women) at the time of the survey, and the means of observing them

for five or 10 years (CNAV sample, internet access, etc).

6. Historical Analyses of Social Networks with regard to their Relationships with

Power Structures (research leaders: Michel Bertrand and Florent Hautefeuille)

For the last twenty years the application of network analysis in history has contributed to a

profound renewal in the reconstruction of social development, as evidenced by an article in

the journal Redes (Ref., forthcoming in December). In this area, the work of the Toulouse

historians has made a significant contribution to this renewal, whether this be F. Hautefeuille’s

research on rebuilding social ties in the context of feudal society corresponding to a large rural

area from the thirteenth to the fifteenth century (ANR Graphcomp in collaboration with the


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Toulouse Institute of Mathematics, http://graphcomp.univ-tlse2. en /) from the thirteenth to

the fifteenth century, or M. Bertrand’s study of relational systems built around the Spanish

imperial political and administrative elites in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries

(Research in the framework of the IPO led by JP Dedieu, LARHER, CNRS-Lyon, to which he

has contributed since the beginning of the project). This workshop plans to continue the work

in this area that has resulted in numerous publications.

The issue of power structures in former societies is a central question in historians’

investigations. After limiting the discussion for many years to the study of men (and

occasionally women) in a position to exercise power, social history has gradually adopted a

study of power structures that moves away from an approach focused on kings or their close

advisors (we may quote, as a model of this epistemological revolution, the keynote book by M.

Bloch, Feudal Society, 1939). This new emphasis on social structures has led to a deep

historiographical renewal, which was at its height in the 60s and 70s. At that time, as the

logical continuation of critical thinking by Foucault (Ref) and independently of the extremely

heated debate to which this structural approach led in France, which some thinkers align with

the triumph of Marxist analysis applied to pre-capitalist societies, at the risk of committing a

major anachronism (debate Mousnier / Labrousse), progressive awareness of the rigidities

created by the analysis of society based only on social structures favoured a return to social

actors as a prism of social analysis. Moving away from the structuralist approach, the study of

social relations related to the exercise of power was much renewed through the questioning,

from the 1980s, of previously dominant paradigms (HSS , 1989). This redirection of research

towards the modalities of a given society has led to the studying of macro to micro links or, to

use a now-dedicated expression, using the jeux d’échelles (interplay of scales) as an instrument

of social observation (Lepetit, 1996; Revel, 1997). At the same time and in line with the

previous shift, it has sought to reflect on the social order through the combination of social

structures and practices, based notably on the theoretical contributions of the sociology of

action and the theory of the actor (Boltanski and Thévenot, 1991). In line with this renewed

approach to social studies, historians "discovered" the value of networks as a tool for research

whose application became commonplace from the 90s onwards.

In this renewed epistemological context, the Toulouse-based historians have focused on

network analysis in order to apply it to their own area of research. Whether this be the

medieval or modern societies of south-western France, Venice or the elite world of the Spanish

monarchy, the questions can be understood as follows:

* In the long term, what is the basis for the exercise of power in the Ancien Regime societies

under study, namely the Western Mediterranean world? Are there any specifically

Mediterranean characteristics on which the exercise and legitimacy of power are based? What

changes led to the construction and strengthening of a state structure? From the thirteenth to

the eighteenth century, the process of "building the modern state" inevitably interferes with

access to power and its exercise. Therefore the invitation to "revisit" the traditional issue of

medieval and modern historiography on the basis of network analysis is made here.


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* Power is exercised primarily over men, and for the period in question, primarily in a rural

world. In this context, what how was peasant society structured during the late Middle Ages?

Recent historiography tends to move away from traditional trifunctional models, highlighting

the complex patterns of functioning within the peasant world. Could there be other forms of

organizational models, based on social hierarchies and relationships formed according to

other considerations? The idea has already been developed that social networks formed

through clusters of "small worlds" strongly connected together by "bridge-people", may

provide a glimpse of other types of organization. However, considerable uncertainty still

remains about the incorporation of these small worlds, the factors that drive their

development (family, economic, legal ...), and their development over time.

* The problem of the dynamics of social networks is therefore at the heart of research into

the peasant world of the late Middle Ages, a period of strong economic, social and

demographic upheaval. Over and above the individual, how does the network structure

remain in place when, for example, a population is 2/3 renewed through mortality or

migration? How does the disappearance of serfdom affect the overall organization of society?

Similarly, it would be interesting to try to understand the relationship between the

reorganization of agricultural lands (e.g. the desertion of village life, a huge phenomenon in

fourteenth century Europe) and the reconfiguration of social networks during the same

period. These questions lead to crossdisciplinary links with archaeology, both on problems of

population and historical demography (proposed collaboration with the Laboratory of

Molecular Anthropology and Synthesis of Imaging Synthesis-AMIS, UMR 5288).

* Using the case of Venice in the late medieval and early modern times as a departure point,

the question of the exercise of power in Mediterranean urban societies should also be raised.

The survey aims to analyse power relationships "from below", and the exercise of power on a

daily basis. While the patricians and citizens were in charge of institutions, sat on the boards

and were the only custodians of the legislature and judiciary power, a group of officers and

minor officials were responsible for enforcing the decisions made by

rulers. The study of several cases of resistance and conflicts between representatives of power

- guards, policemen, customs officers, criers, waterfront officials and porters - and the

inhabitants of the city, provides insight on their respective understandings of power and

government. This additionally sheds light on how power was exercised in practice at micro

level and how it was received, accepted or denied and what tools and resources were available

to those who were the custodians of power in the actual circumstances.

* More generally, one may question the way in which power is exercised over the

masses, whether they be urban or rural. Here the question of vehicles of power is posed. Is it

enough to be in a position to exercise power in order to exercise it effectively? In other words,

titles, honour and responsibilities are insufficient if we are to understand the procedures by

which power is exercised. This would entail taking into account all the “one to one” links, all

of which are channels for the relationships through which the exercise of power flows.

Although family and / or lineage ties must be taken into account for the purposes of this

reconstruction, it is not enough. Other types of relationship, not necessarily made sacred (as


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are family ties through the sacrament of marriage) should be considered, be they friendship,

patronage or even “sweetheart agreements”.

* How does one manage to obtain positions, duties or positions of power? What

mechanisms are involved in the recruitment of "men of power"? From the "benevolence" of

kings who confer titles, fiefs and honours to the venality of the modern monarchy, the various

mechanisms that provide access to power that must be considered in order to measure to what

extent societies are closed or open to real social mobility.

* What connections can be established between the exercise of power locally or on a

wider basis? For societies where communication methods were limited and slow,

consideration of this issue is essential, since it raises the question of the dependence or

autonomy of local government in relation to the "monarchical" power or suzerain of whatever

type. The centrality of the question with regard to an imperial society whose dominion

extends across both sides of the Atlantic is immediately understandable, but was the situation

radically different in a feudal society, even if the distances involved are inevitably smaller?

* What importance is given to the inevitable conflicts over the exercise of power and what

solutions are mobilized to solve them? Building on the definition in C. Tilly’s work of social

conflict, through the concept of a “repertoire of collective action" (Tilly, 1986) we believe that

the range of means of control is not infinite, which refers us back to the historicity of

structured forms of collective action in the long term. How much are these disputes affected

by network building strategies and the rivalries that this causes, as in the case highlighted by

Padget and Ansell, describing the rise to power of the Medici in fifteenth century Florence?

From this perspective, social conflict represents a point in time of network mobilization that

can contribute to moving a given society on to a new stage. In this sense, we can assume that

some conflicts act as social regulators, especially if they are integrated or even

instrumentalized by the actors themselves, and their networks, thus contributing to the

maintenance or the invention of new equilibria within these societies.

* In this world of "men of power" and one to one relationships under consideration here,

what role do women have? This issue may generally be broken down into several questions:

what (s) role (s) is (are) played by women in the mechanisms of access to power for men?

Marriage should be reconsidered here from that angle; which women does one marry: heirs?

widows? Under what circumstances? How? How are their dowries used? How are mothers,

sisters, wives, mistresses etc. involved in the service of the men to whom they are related?

How do women fit into family networks, particularly wives, who have to reconcile solidarity

to their family line and commitment to the interests of their husbands? What happens if there

is a conflict between allied families? Which side do the wives choose? - In a male world, what

are the possibilities for women to hold power? Under what conditions? How? Finally, what

effect do developments have in the long term? Two historical phenomena should be

considered here: the evolution of the family and the strengthening of the married couple on

the one hand and the construction of the modern state, removing women from spheres of

power through its system of holding office, on the other.


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* Ultimately, these issues of access to power and the exercise of that power require a more

general study on the relationship between standards and practices. Without limiting ourselves

to this, the latter may be understood as our view of what may be called, for the sake of speed,

"corruption" (M. Genius, 2002). Of course, in societies under the Ancien Regime, the power

exercised was that of the sovereign state. The king was supreme judge and his administrators,

who were officers directly responsible to him as lord or commissioners directly linked to his

political personage, managed the common good whose maintenance legitimized royal power.

In this sense, far from prefiguring the "civil servant" of modern states, these men were public

servants because took part in the divine mission entrusted to the prince. We may not therefore

use the tools of Social Scientists to study this issue with regard to societies before the

Revolution and even less so than because they did not include the same observations under

the heading "corruption" which they used widely. Nevertheless, amongst the multiple

"deviant" practices that they identified within the exercise of the power, we note this term for

the purpose of future studies likely to be tested on the basis of sources from medieval and

modern societies. When confronted with the rules imposed on the basis of clearly stated moral

standards, what leeway has any holder of power? At the same time, how much tolerance can

these societies demonstrate towards practices that are not truly compliant with accepted

standards? What stance do these societies of the past take with relation to "abuses of power",

whatever they may be?

These different research orientations by Toulouse historians are part of the

international cooperation forged on the basis of these themes. With more specific reference to

the project presented here, we will continue our collaboration with three persons or groups for

comparative purposes:

* With G. Alfani, a historian at the Bocconi Univerity (Milan) and a specialist in

modern sponsorship relationships, with whom we have historical links, through his

contributions to PhD seminars and workshops on the subject of family ties;

* With the history of the family study group (University of Murcia) led by F. Chacon,

with which we worked on the "Hubert Curien" Picasso project from 2008 to 2010;

* With the Social Ties Study Group at the University of Vitoria (Basque Country Univ.)

led by J.M. Imizcoz, himself a member of the PAPE project, and with whom we have

collaborated for many years, particularly through joint group publications.

In addition to these examples of collaboration closely linked to the project, we can also

set up occasional collaborations, as and when required throughout the development of the

project with partners further afield, for example in Spain and the Americas.

7: "Networks and Social Worlds in Low Density Areas" (research leaders: Bernard

Charlery, Danielle Galliano) (an emerging project) How are the social worlds structured, recomposed and developed in rural areas, especially

low density areas? The idea here is to analyse the structure and development of social


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networks in rural areas and to identify how knowledge and expertise circulates in these areas.

The work to be carried out will, in particular, involve the analysis of sources of innovation in

rural industrial firms, network operation and development in rural and suburban agricultural

areas (especially in relation to the concentration of farms and the reconfiguration of the

agricultural production worlds in the areas), conflicts, arrangements and systems linked to the

management of natural resources, interaction dynamics between urban and rural

environments and the growing interpenetration of these areas, leading to restructuring of

territories and their environment. Implementation of the theoretical and methodological

frameworks of SMS (surveys on social networks and the use of ICT in rural areas, for example)

will pave the way for renewed analysis of these areas.

2. Developed Versions of Methodology Workshops

The methodology workshops are designed to develop crosscutting methods to be used by

researchers in human and social sciences. They take the form of seminars to exchange

experiences and training modules. Four workshops will be set up at the beginning of the

operation.

Workshop 1: "Textual Analysis" (moderators: Pascal Marchand, Peter and

Elisabeth Ratinaud Perroux)

The development of electronic communication has led to an increasingly large body of

texts, including those associated with public debate. In this connection we may remember the

role played by online forums on the proposed referendum on the European constitution.5

More recently, the "great debate on national identity" will probably remain as one of the major

controversies of the current quinquennium6. Analysis of the bodies of texts shows the specific

positioning of the media and Internet users in the very structuring of the reference. Some

subjects treated consistently by the media are differentiated by Internet users and, conversely,

the media compartmentalize subjects that Internet users treat in a unified way. To study the

relationship between media frameworks and personal frameworks in the construction of

public debate, the frameworks should be considered as facets of the social world, whose

interpretation is the responsibility of social groups or institutions incorporated as sources and

competing for access to the media. The terms of debate on any social phenomenon are set

according to the definition or interpretation of certain themes and the field of knowledge in

which they are developed. We may highlight different lexical structures for the same object,

5 Mange, J., Marchand, P. (2007). Oui ou non à la Constitution européenne : l’éloquence du forum. Mots : les langages

du politique, 83, 121-137.

Mange, J., Marchand, P., Salem, A. (2006). Débats sur la toile. Actes des Huitièmes Journées Internationales d’Analyse

des Données Textuelles (Besançon, 19-21 avril). Presses Universitaires de Franche-Comté, coll. Les cahiers de la MSH

Ledoux, série « archive, bases, corpus », 667-676. 6 Marty, E., Marchand, P., Ratinaud, P. (à paraître). Les médias et l'opinion : éléments théoriques et

méthodologiques pour une analyse du débat sur l'identité nationale. Bulletin suisse de linguistique appliquée.


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generally using the same vocabulary. This means that it is not the presence or absence, or the

number of occurrences of a lexical form ("counting words") that matters. It is the organization

of lexical forms and the relationship they maintain, in order to provide a coherent

representation, which create meaning. It is therefore appropriate not only to describe the

structure of the discussion on the web and its treatment in the media, but also to identify their

possible relationships.

Since the body of texts is of ever increasing size, this goal is achievable only if suitable

lexical measuring tools are available. The Iramuteq7 software is especially designed to meet

these new requirements. The first objective set for the development of this tool was a fairly

faithful reproduction of classic textual analysis8. Its current development is moving in five

directions: the production of tools to interpret analysis data, implementation of new methods

(application of similarity analyses to the body of text cut into segments), adaptation to large

bodies, development of the lemmatization process and internationalization (English and

German bodies are in the pre-experimental phase and Italian, Spanish and Portuguese will be

added soon). Many of these objectives are already achieved (interpretation tools and similarity

analysis) and the others are under consideration or in progress. All of the free software on

which the tool is based (particularly R) also make it possible to envisage the rapid

incorporation of new analysis methodologies. Although this makes Iramuteq one of the most

comprehensive discourse analysis software in the field – and also makes it very simple to use

a research and training context (the software runs on Windows, Mac OS X and Linux and is

free) - a phase of development and expansion of the tool is called for.

The "textual analysis" workshop has three objectives: 1) to develop the Iramuteq software,

interacting with the SMS researchers’ many needs. 2) to train SMS researchers and students in

the techniques of textual analysis, both those used in Iramuteq and others and 3. to organize

thinking about the methods of textual analysis and their uses.

Workshop 2: The Ethnography of Socio-technical associations (hosts: Frank and

Anne Mayer Cochoy) "How may we understand the complex arrangements between social action and the

technical systems on which the dynamics of organizational and market configurations now

depend?” "Our project aims to answer this question, and, in doing so, to develop a

methodological framework and a technical platform: " Archaeology of the Present and

Quantitative Ethnography”.

The aim of this project is to construct a crosscutting approach and methodology which we

hope will a) constitute a contribution to social science research from Toulouse that is

7 Ratinaud, P. (2009). Iramuteq: interface de R pour les analyses multidimensionnelles de textes et de questionnaires.

http://repere.no-ip.org/logiciel/ 8 Reinert, M. (1983). Une méthode de classification descendante hiérarchique : application à l'analyse lexicale par

contexte. Les cahiers de l'analyse des données, Vol VIII, n° 2, p 187-198.

http://repere.no-ip.org/logiciel/


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distinctive and innovative and b) unify the different research programmes conducted by the

laboratories mobilized by the SMS project.

Social action is more and more “instrumentalized”, both on the markets, with a great

increase of labels, traceability techniques and data mining (Cochoy & al. 2004) and in the

organizations involved, with the introduction of quality standards, management software

packages, intranets and other communication tools (Segrestin, 2008; Grabot et al, 2008) – tools

that characteristically establish new types of relationship combining material and social

resources (Latour, 2005). A great many researchers who are specialists in the sociology of

technology, the market and communications today consider that the aim of sociology is no

longer to study the actors but rather to explore the “interconnections between actions and

words (Schatki, 1996, page 89), relationship configurations (Granovetter, 1985) or the types of

hybrid relationships (Callon, 2001) of which they are made up. However, paradoxically, most

of the researchers involved continue to make the actor the preferred entry for analysis of many

specific aspects of their territory, taking the risk of not taking the “agency” into consideration

sufficiently (Cooren, 2010).

We plan to develop methods and tools suitable for “questioning” both the persons and the

devices symmetrically. To be more specific, we envisage two preferred approaches:

1) The Archaeology of the Present: using, as do archaeologists who do not

have written testimonies at their disposal, renewed information sources, in order to

make the contribution of socio-technical bodies more visible (though photographic

and video documentation, objects, etc.).

2) Quantitative Ethnography: mobilizing “observation tools”, meaning

observation charts for analysis of the observed elements, whether the latter be

human or non human and drawing up the appropriate statistics to describe the

dynamics of socio-technical relationships from the collected results.

The Main Participants: : Isabelle Bazet (MCF), Roland Canu (MCF), Franck Cochoy (PR),

Michèle Lalanne (PR), Cédric Calvignac (Postdoc), Ygal Fijalkow (MCF), Anne Mayère (PR),

Claire Thébault (IR CNRS) , Angélique Roux (MCF)

From LISST: E Eveno, C Datchary, J. Chaulet.

Current Joint Projects: Centre for Consumer Science, University of Göteborg, Sweden

(contract ANR-Urbanet on consumer logistics), EHESS Paris (contract ANR Créalu), écoles de

Design de l’Ecole des Beaux-Arts of Toulouse and Design and Fine Arts School of the University

de Göteborg in Sweden, laboratory ComSanté of the University of Québec in Montréal,

Laboratory GRICO University of Ottawa, Laboratory LOG University of Montréal,

Department of Sociology, University of Trento.

Workshop 3: “Network Analysis» (moderators: Michel Grossetti, Corinne

Bonnet, Ainhoa de Federico, Frédéric Amblard)


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This workshop will discuss and teach both the traditional approaches to social network

analysis (personal networks, complete networks), using the most up-to-date models and

software (Pajek, SIENA) and the other innovative approaches specifically developed by

project researchers: combined methods for the analysis of the relevant relationships chain

(Grossetti, Barthe, Chauvac, 2011), methods of analysing scientific networks based on

interviews on citations ( Milard, 2011) and multi-agent models applied to social network

analysis (Cazabet, Amblard, Hanachi, 2010).

Workshop 4: "Electronic records as a source for SHS" (moderators: Johann

Chaulet, Caroline Datchary)

Among the factors strongly influencing the structuring of social worlds, the Internet and

the Web play a leading role. They are indeed the cause of many changes so far-reaching that

they sometimes change our ways of living together. Although social relationships are affected

by these new tools, they also have a significant effect on the work of those who strive to

understand and analyse.

Therefore, theoretical and methodological reflection is needed on how the web can and

should be used as part of social science research. This workshop intends to address both the

documentary dimensions of the web as a place of resources and provision of knowledge, and

the web as a place where all or part of the body of research under discussion may be

formulated.

It is also necessary to know how to effectively mobilize the advantages provided by for

collecting the data to be analysed. A large part of the social world, in fact, is on offer online for

those who know how to tap into the network, providing a wealth of often-unpublished

material. Internet is a particularly rich source of evidence both in terms of data quantity and,

for example, the originality of the forms in which it is presented, or freedom of expression.

One should not, however, be unaware of the submerged part of a reality far more complex

than it may appear publicly.

Exchanges on methods, techniques and input technology input will undoubtedly lead to

adapting our disciplines and the range of methods that they use to this new technology. We

must be able to use it appropriately for the enrichment of our research.


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1. RÉFÉRENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUES DE L’ETAT DE L’ART/STATE OF THE ART

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