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LANDMINE DETECTION USING IMPULSE GROUND PENETRATING RADAR
SHARATH
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INTRODUCTION HARDWARE DESCRIPTION
OVERVIEW OF THE SYSTEM
TESTING AND EVALUATION
CONCLUSION
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INTRODUCTION
“Landmines and unexploded ordnance (UXO) are a legacy of war”
What are Landmines? Landmines are container
ofexplosives that are triggered by contact with a
person or vehicles.
What are UXO? UXO are bombs or fired rocket
launchers whose fuses did not detonate.
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There are two types of Landmines Anti-tank(AT) AT are designed to
destroy tanks and armored
vehicles.
Anti-personnel(AP)
Is an explosive device made
to injure or kill a person.
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Hardware Description
Impulse GPR system comprises an Impulse
generator, Transmitter, Receiver, Pulse extender, A/D converter, Processor and Visual display.
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Impulse GeneratorThe pulse generator delivered by SATIS
Co. produces 0.8 ns monocycle pulses. Covers a wide frequency band from
500MHz till 2GHz .It was found experimentally that the 0.8ns
monocycle satisfies penetration and resolution requirements.
Output signal from 0.8ns generator
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Antenna SystemThe GPR System’s performance strongly
depends on the antenna system.The antenna system consist of transmitter and
receiver.
The transmit antenna should:Radiate ultra-wide band (UWB).Radiate electro magnetic energy.Produce an optimal footprint.Type of the ground.
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The Receiver antenna should:
sufficient sensitivity in order to receive very weak fields.
Receive the field in a local point.
Be elevated at least 10cm above the ground surface.
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Pulse Extender Pulse extender will amplify the ground
reflection.
A/D Converter
TXr RXr High speed sampler A/D converter.
Center frequency and Bandwith.
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PROCESSOR A/D converter Processor.
Processes the signal.
Presence or absence of surrogate mine.
Mine detecting signal Visual display.
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Visual Display
Range of targets.Exact position.
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OVERVIEW OF THE SYSTEMA series of measurements has been taken
using a set of targets buried in the various types of soil.
An FR-127-MSCB (ImGPR) developed by CSIRO.
System collects 127 echos or surroundings per second.
Each composed of 512 samples with 12bit accuracy.
Sounding range vary from 4ns to 32ns.GPR uses bistatic bow-tie antenna which
transmits wideband,ultra short duration pulses.
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GPR unit is suspended at a height between 0.5 to 2 cm.
Motion controlled by stepper motor.With constant speed,straight track,these
samples corresponds to distances from starting point of the run.
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GPR images the dielectric properties of the soil.
Automatic Targets Recognition(ATR) used by ImGPR.
Measurments form a two dimentional matrix reffered as Radargram or B scan and A scan.
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A-ScanPresence or absence of surrogate mine .The Elecromagnetic field is scattered.The graph is Amplitude Vs Time
Graph is used for visual inspection.
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B-ScanVisualise the target of surrogate mine.B-san calculates distance from soil to the mine.
Shows target at 55 cm and 100 cm.Graph helps to calculate the distance from
ground to mine.
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Deployment PlatformAs technological development for land mine
detection tends to be a vehicular based system.
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Testing and EvaluationUS Army performs test at their testing
facilities,which include carefully constructed mine lines.
Testing and Evaluation environment,landmines are live.
Dirt and gravel lanes are maintained.
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Advantages
DisadvantagesGPR has accurate
measurements.GPR locates even small
targets.It has been well founded by
the defense.Biological sensors can only
operate for limited periods, but in GPR has no such limits.
GPR has been tested in different environmental conditions.
The sensor such as GPR is larger and heavier.
GPR is more power hungry.
GPR can suffer falls alarm rates as high as metal detectors.
GPR can be very effective or ineffective, depending on soil moisture and mine location.
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ConclusionImpulse GPR system is using for detecting anti-tank
and anti-personal mines. Currently, very little technology is used in real-world
demining activities. Active programs by the U.S Army in both land mine
detection sensor development and systems integration are evaluating new technologies, incrementally improving existing technologies, increasing the probability of detection, reducing the false alarm rate, and planning out useable deployment scenarios.
Through iterative design, build test cycles, and blind and scored testing at Army mine lanes, steady progress is being made.
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