Download - Languagevsdialect
![Page 1: Languagevsdialect](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042819/55ccb556bb61eb072e8b4713/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Today What is sociolinguistics? Language variation Dialects
Readings: 10.1-10.2, 10.4
![Page 2: Languagevsdialect](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042819/55ccb556bb61eb072e8b4713/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Sociolinguistics The study of the relationship between
language and society, of languagevariation, and of attitudes aboutlanguage
Variation may occur at all levels of thegrammar
![Page 3: Languagevsdialect](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042819/55ccb556bb61eb072e8b4713/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Language variation No two speakers of a language speak
exactly the same way Between group variation = intergroup
variation No individual speaker speaks the same
way all the time Within-speaker variation = intraspeaker
variation
![Page 4: Languagevsdialect](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042819/55ccb556bb61eb072e8b4713/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Dialect A variety of a language spoken by a group
of people that is characterized bysystematic features (e.g., phonological,lexical, grammatical) that distinguish itfrom other varieties of that same language
Idiolect: the speech variety of an individualspeaker
![Page 5: Languagevsdialect](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042819/55ccb556bb61eb072e8b4713/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Language
… dialect dialect dialect …
… idiolect idiolect idiolect …
Language =a continuumof dialects
Dialect =a continuumof idiolects
![Page 6: Languagevsdialect](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042819/55ccb556bb61eb072e8b4713/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Misconceptions about ‘dialect’ Dialect ≠ ‘substandard’ Dialect ≠ ‘incorrect’ Dialect ≠ ‘slang’
FACT: Everyone speaks a dialect
![Page 7: Languagevsdialect](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042819/55ccb556bb61eb072e8b4713/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Language vs. dialect? Linguistic criterion
Mutual intelligibility YES? = dialects NO? = languages
e.g., British vs. American vs. Irish vs. Australian (= dialects of English)
![Page 8: Languagevsdialect](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042819/55ccb556bb61eb072e8b4713/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
L1
L2
L1 (D4)/L2(Div)
http://italian.about.com/gi/dynamic/offsite.htm?zi=1/XJ&sdn=italian&zu=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.italica.rai.it%2Fprincipali%2Flingua%2Fbruni%2Fmappe%2Fmappe%2Ff_dialetti.htm
![Page 9: Languagevsdialect](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042819/55ccb556bb61eb072e8b4713/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Language or Dialect?
Q: Why do dialects exist?A: Because of isolation or long term separation of groups
Isolation can be across time, geography or social barriers. Two types of“dialects”:(1) sociolects or “social dialects”: linguistic differentiation based upon onmembership in a longstanding socially-isolated or separate group
(2) regional dialects: linguistic differentiation based upon on membership in alongstanding geographically-isolated or separate group
![Page 10: Languagevsdialect](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042819/55ccb556bb61eb072e8b4713/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Problems (cont’d) Asymmetries in intelligibility, e.g.,
Danish speakers understand Swedish, butnot vice versa
Brazilian Portuguese speakers understandSpanish, but not vice versa
![Page 11: Languagevsdialect](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042819/55ccb556bb61eb072e8b4713/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Problems (cont’d) Nonlinguistic criteria (political, historical,
geographic etc.) may play a role Mandarin, Cantonese are mutually
unintelligible, but are referred to as ‘dialects’of Chinese
Serbian and Croatian are mutually intelligible,but are referred to as separate languages Czech vs. Slovak Norwegian vs. Swedish
![Page 12: Languagevsdialect](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042819/55ccb556bb61eb072e8b4713/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Ways dialects vary Phonological (‘accent’) Morphological Syntactic/grammatical Semantic/lexical
![Page 13: Languagevsdialect](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042819/55ccb556bb61eb072e8b4713/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Regional dialects Dialects that are defined in terms of
geographic boundaries
![Page 14: Languagevsdialect](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042819/55ccb556bb61eb072e8b4713/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Where are they from?
Karen Lisa Margaret Michele
Nancy Peggy Susie
u U I
´ A i
o
![Page 15: Languagevsdialect](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042819/55ccb556bb61eb072e8b4713/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Map of US Dialects
SusieMargaret
Karen
Lisa Michele
Nancy
Peggy
![Page 16: Languagevsdialect](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042819/55ccb556bb61eb072e8b4713/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Regional U.S. dialects Northern Midland Southern Western
isogloss: a linguistic feature marking out the areal limits of a dialectarea; or the boundary itself. (several form an “isogloss bundle”)
http://accent.gmu.edu/browse_maps/namerica.phphttp://www.ku.edu/~idea/northamerica/usa/usa.htm
Some sociolects:-Yiddish-Pennsylvania Dutch-Chicano English-Vietnamese English