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REPORT
FACTORY EQUIPMENT
Belt Conveyor
By :
Group 4
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,e-turer :
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Me-h n"- l En0"neer"n0
En0"neer"n0 F -ulty
An* l 2 Un"ver2"ty
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I/ INTRO.UCTION
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In an industry, sometimes there are heavy materials and dangerous for humans. Therefore we need an equipment for transporting the material because
there is limited ability (power) of human labor whether it be the capacity of the
material to be transported or the safety of the human labor himself. The removal
or transporting is the process of moving materials or goods using certain methods
and equipment. One of the type of transportating equipment for transporting
material is conveyor.
Conveyor is used in various industries as transportation of various
materials in the industry environment. aterials transported are from raw
materials to the manufacturing product, including moving material between the
wor! station. "evelopments concerning conveyor technology already widely in
design with a variety of types and functions, one of that is a belt conveyor. #elt
conveyor has function to transport unit load and bul! load.
%/& Pro7le# For#ul t"on
#ecause of the need of belt conveyor in industry and also the importance of
this equipment, we need to have the !nowledge about this equipment. This
!nowledge including basic information and princple of this equipment that is
usually used in industry.
%/+ Purpo2e
To !now general principle of belt conveyor and information in industry about
this equipment.
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II/ ,ITERATURE RE8IE9
&/% .e "n"t"on
#elt Conveyor is one of transportation equipment to transport material in the
form of powder, sand, coal, etc., using one or two motor that will drive pulley and
carrier belt (belt) by a transmission or gear bo$ reductant rounds and belt carried
by pulley mounted between the head pulley and tail pulley.
#elt Conveyor can be used to move material either in the form of unit load
or bul! material and hori%ontally position or tilted position. &hat is meant by the
unit load are the ob'ects that normally can be counted in number one by one, for
e$ample, bo$es, bags, beams etc. &hile the bul! material is material in the form
of grains, powder or powder, such as sand and cement. The trac! of belt conveyor
can be installed hori%ontal belt, inclination, inclination and hori%ontal
combination. "epending on friction coefficient and slope angle between the
material that is being transported. In practice the angle of inclination ranging
between o *+o smaller than the angle of friction belt material. This is due to a
decrease in belt (belt sag) between the idler roller, so the inclination is greater than
the inclination of the belt itself.The wor!ing principle of this belt conveyor is to transport the material
that is placed on the belt, where the feed or inlet on the side of the tail using a
chute, and after arriving in the head material spilled as a result of belt turn. #elt
driven by the drive - head pulley using a motor. ead pulley belt pull with the
principle of friction between the surface of the drive belt, so the capacity of it
depends on the frictional force.
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F"0ure &/% #elt Conveyor Construction
&/& Belt Conveyor Co#ponent
There are several main components of belt conveyor as follows /
1. Belt
#elt is a component that serves to bring the materials transported
(transferred). The type of rubber belt can be te$tile belt, metal belt, steel cord belt.
The most widely used type is the type of te$tile rubber belt.
F"0ure &/& Belt
0equirement of belt /
0esistance impact and tensile loading
1ow spesific elongation
2hould be fle$ible, light, and cannot absorb the water
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2. Bending the belt
Component that is used for bending the belt. 2uch as /
• The last pulley or the middle pulley
• 3rrangement of the roller
• 1oading and the fle$ibillity of the belt.
3. Idler
Idler has function supporting the belt. #ased on the position of idler there
are several type of it as follows /
a. Carrying Idler
Carrying Idler is used to support loading belt.
F"0ure &/+ Carrying Idler
b. Impact Idler Impact Idler that is located in the inlet of the material . Impact Idler is made
more strict and having more thic!ness to resistance or support from the impact
loading.
F"0ure &/4 Impact Idler
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c. Return Idler Return Idler is used to support the empty belt.
F"0ure &/; Return Idler
d. Steering Idler
Steering Idler has function to avoid the belt for not being missed from it4s
roller and and move in the e$isting trac!.
F"0ure &/5 Steering Idler
4. Centering DeviceIt has function to avoid the belt for not being missed from it4s roller.
5. "riven otor
5lectrical motor is widely used to drive the pulley. The power of this motor
is depending of the need.
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F"0ure &/< otor and Gear B !
". Drive #ulleyIn belt conveyor the power is moved to the belt by the e$istense of friction
between pulley and belt, because the belt is attached around the pulley that is
driven by the motor.
F"0ure &/= Drive #ulley
$. %a&e'(p #ulley
This component has function to set up the tension of belt and to avoid the
slip that will be happened between belt and driven puley, because of the belt
elongation.
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G #7 r &/( %a&e (p and C unter )eight
*. Snub #ulleyThis component has function to !eep the balancing of belt tension in driven
pulley.
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F"0ure &/%' Snub #ulley
+. , pper
This is a funnel that is located at the front and at the bac! of belt conveyor
for loading and pouring materials.
F"0ure &/%% , pper
1-. rame
This is a frame where the components of the belt conveyor is arranged in it.
6rame also has function to have the slope and the height of belt conveyor.
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F"0ure &/%' rame
11. 6eeder This is the component that is used to load material in a constant speed.
12. %ripper/ /This is the component that is used to poar the load in a certain place.
2.3 Bene "t n* 9e 6ne22 o Belt Conveyor
The benefit of belt conveyor as follows /
1. 0educing the cost and transporting time.2.
Increase efficiency of transporting material.
3. 2aving space.
The wea!ness of belt conveyor as follows /
*. The belt can be damaged by sharpen materials.
7. If there is a damage in one component we cannot to transport the
materials.
&/4 Belt C p -"ty "n Belt Conveyor&e can calculate in by using this equation as follows /
&here /
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T 8 &eight of material (ton-hour)3 8 2lice of the area (sq ft)2 8 2peed of #elt (ft-mnt)& 8 aterial "ensity (lbf-cft)
&/; M "nten n-e o Belt Conveyor
Once you9ve installed the perfectly designed, top quality conveyor line,
you may thin! it9s time to rela$. #ut :smooth operators; !now that regular
monitoring reduces downtime, lost production and maintenance e$pense.
Consider the use of a preventive maintenance log or chec!list for items
that should be inspected on a regular-continuing basishoto eyes
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. 0ollers
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III/ MET3O.O,OGY
Flo>-h rt
F"0ure +/% 6lowchart
START
LITERATURE
REVIEW
DISCUSSION
DO THE
REPORT
FINISH
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I8/ Clo2"n0
4/% Con-lu2"on
*. Conveyor is a transporting equipment.7. >rinciple wor! of conveyor because of the movement of pulley that is
driven by motor.
?. There are several annual chec! for preventive maintenenace in belt
conveyor.
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REFERENCE1
3ssociation) :#elt Conveyors for #ul! aterials,; Chaners >ublishing Company,Inc. DTh edition. (pp 7*G 7?+).
2iregar, 6au%i. . 3lat Transportasi #enda >adat . >rogram 2tudi Te!ni! Aimia6a!ultasTe!ni! Hniversitas 2umatera Htara