Late Middle AgesLate Middle Ages BIG Idea: Changes in society led BIG Idea: Changes in society led
to a new civilization in western to a new civilization in western Europe.Europe.
How did the crusades instigate How did the crusades instigate these changes?these changes?
By Sam Irving
Centralized GovernmentCentralized Government
King’s strengthened royal power King’s strengthened royal power by weakening feudal lords.by weakening feudal lords. Limited private warfareLimited private warfare Minted coinsMinted coins Included townspeople with no Included townspeople with no
feudal loyalties in gov’t.feudal loyalties in gov’t.
Two ExceptionsTwo Exceptions EnglandEngland
Magna Carta (A.D. 1215): written Magna Carta (A.D. 1215): written document placing clear limits on document placing clear limits on royal power.royal power. No taxation without consentNo taxation without consent Right to trial by juryRight to trial by jury
Holy Roman Empire (Germany)Holy Roman Empire (Germany) Conflict between Emperors and Conflict between Emperors and
Popes kept central government Popes kept central government weak and German nobles strong.weak and German nobles strong.
AgricultureAgriculture Advances led to population Advances led to population
growth.growth. 3 field system3 field system
Towns and Middle ClassTowns and Middle Class
Central gov’t (safety) encouraged Central gov’t (safety) encouraged trade and the growth of towns.trade and the growth of towns.
Began to break down feudalism.Began to break down feudalism. Middle class didn’t rely on the land Middle class didn’t rely on the land
to survive (they traded).to survive (they traded). Trade promoted money Trade promoted money
economies economies (rather than barter)(rather than barter) and and banking.banking.
GuildsGuilds Groups of artisans regulating their Groups of artisans regulating their
work and ensuring the quality of work and ensuring the quality of their products.their products.
3 Levels (Hierarchy)3 Levels (Hierarchy) Masters: owned their own shopsMasters: owned their own shops Journeyman: paid to work for a Journeyman: paid to work for a
master.master. Apprentice: worked without pay to Apprentice: worked without pay to
learn.learn.
The PlagueThe Plague Traveled west from Asia Traveled west from Asia
along trade routes.along trade routes. Rat fleas.Rat fleas.
Crowded towns had no Crowded towns had no sanitation.sanitation. Who was hit hardest?Who was hit hardest?
Contemporary ExplanationsContemporary Explanations
Punishment from God.Punishment from God. Ex. The FlagellantsEx. The Flagellants
Blamed JewsBlamed Jews Pogrom: mass-murder of Jews.Pogrom: mass-murder of Jews.
Death TollDeath Toll
1/3-1/2 of Europe’s population 1/3-1/2 of Europe’s population died between 1347-1351.died between 1347-1351.
How would this loss of life How would this loss of life affect society?affect society?
Economic EffectsEconomic Effects
Labor shortage caused wages to Labor shortage caused wages to rise.rise. 3-5x pre-plague levels.3-5x pre-plague levels.
Decreased demand caused food Decreased demand caused food prices to fall.prices to fall.
Favored the poor.Favored the poor.
Psychological EffectsPsychological Effects
Death FascinationDeath Fascination Dance of DeathDance of Death Transi-TombsTransi-Tombs
Works Cited Works Cited 15th Century Cadaver Tomb15th Century Cadaver Tomb. Abby of St. Vaast, Arras. Web. 20 . Abby of St. Vaast, Arras. Web. 20
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Brain, Tony. Brain, Tony. Rat FleaRat Flea. Science Photo Library. Web. 10 Sep. 2009 . Science Photo Library. Web. 10 Sep. 2009 <http://science.nationalgeographic.com/science/wallpaper/rat-<http://science.nationalgeographic.com/science/wallpaper/rat-flea.html>.flea.html>.
Daileader, Philip. "The Late Middle Ages." College of William Daileader, Philip. "The Late Middle Ages." College of William and Mary, Chantilly, mi. 2007. DVD-ROM. 4 Discs.and Mary, Chantilly, mi. 2007. DVD-ROM. 4 Discs.
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"Medieval Europe, 1300s." "Medieval Europe, 1300s." REL 320 Christian TheologyREL 320 Christian Theology Ed. Ed. Bennie R. Crockett. William Carey University, n.d. Web. 17 Bennie R. Crockett. William Carey University, n.d. Web. 17 Sep. 2009 <http://www.wmcarey.edu/crockett/rel320/>.Sep. 2009 <http://www.wmcarey.edu/crockett/rel320/>.
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