Download - Lec 25 - Stress
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Organizational Behavior, 8e Schermerhorn, Hunt, and Osborn
John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Organizational Behavior 2
Stress
Stress is behavioral, physical,
or psychological response to
stressors
Stress is not merely
nervous tension
Stress can have positive
consequences
Stress is not something to
be avoided
The complete absence of
stress is death
Stress is inevitable
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Organizational Behavior 3
Stress
Stressors
A stimulus or situation that causes stress. Any factor, thing, elements, and variable that cause stress are called stressor.
TYPES OF STRESSOR
There are two types of stressor.
Work related stressor. Non work and personal stressor.
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Work-related stressors
Task demands.
Role ambiguities.
Role conflicts.
Ethical dilemmas.
Interpersonal problems.
Career developments.
Physical setting.
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Non-work and personal stressors
Family events.
Economic difficulties.
Personal affairs.
Individuals needs.
Individuals capabilities.
Individuals personality.
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Stress
Pressure people feel in life due to their
reaction to situation.
Complete control over what happens in
their life.
A state of tension experienced by
individuals facing extraordinary demands,
constraints, or opportunities.
It is a state of discomfort felt in the mind
and experienced by the body.
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Characterized by change within people
that force them to deviate from their
Normal Functioning.
It affects the employee mental and
physical health performance.
Stress
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Not All Stress Is Bad
Some level of stress can increase productivity
Too little or too much stress will reduce performance
This model is not empirically supported
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Symptoms of stress
Digestive problems
Nervousness & Tension
Emotional Instability
Excessive use of alcohol or drugs
Feelings of inability
Uncooperative attitude
Sleeping problem / absenteeism
Chronic worry or inability to relax
High blood pressure
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Symptoms Anxiety (intense apprehension about possible threat)
Phobia (irrational fear about an object, situation or person)
Obsession (persistent unwanted ideas invading consciousness)
Depression (sense of loss / retardation) Faulty habits including drug abuse Communication problems including stammering, social phobia, etc Lack of concentration
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Faster heartbeat & Rapid breathing
Increased sweating
Cold hands and feet
Nausea & diarrhoea
Tense muscles and dry mouth
HOW TO RECOGNIZE STRESS
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Interference with clear judgment and decision making
Reduction of work enjoyment
Reduction in skill
The situation is perceived as a threat and not a challenge
The positive frame of mind is damaged by the promotion of negative thinking, narrowing of
attention and disruption of concentration
SHORT-TERM PERFORMANCE EFFECTS
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LONG TERM EFFECTS OF STRESS
A tendency to suffer from frequent headaches
The feeling of being constantly under strain
Being excessively tired much of the time
Tremor, perspiration, racing of heart beat
Poor sleep / Nightmare
Feelings easily hurt
Something to worry about always
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Dwelling on negative aspects of past and future
Overreaction to lifes small problem Expecting the worst to happen always Wanting to make sure that everything is all right
Unable to take decision or to concentrate Taking everything that goes wrong personally Experiencing panic reaction at times without reason
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General Stress Management Techniques
For SELF
Exercise to release endorphin, practice yoga
Avoid self-medication
Maintain sleep wakefulness cycle
Avoid caffeine, tea or fatty food, take whole food
Perform deep breathing exercise, continue deep muscle relaxation
Establish realistic target and stop negative self talk
Maintain a stress diary
Do not combat stress & make postural readjustment
Manage time effectively & do not take big decision
Improve attitude Drink more water Learn to say No
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For FAMILY members
Smile to help smiling
Be intimate with more touching behaviour
Promote eye contact
Do not give repetitive suggestions
Do not say Lucky, it wasnt worse
Do not entice to take big decisions
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Predictor of Stress : Head or Heart
Are these parts friends?
Is one part the boss?
How do these two communicate with each
other?
How do they react in the event of
disagreement?
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Persons with High Stress
Blind ambition : Tendency to win at all costs
Unrealistic goals: Setting up goals that are unattainable
Relentless striving: Working hard in a compulsive manner
Insatiable need for recognition/power: Being addicted to glory; tendency to blame others for own
mistakes
Preoccupation with appearances: Being overtly concerned about public image
Need to seem perfect : Inability to tolerate failure
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Persons with Low Stress
Self-awareness: Knowing how you feel in real time
Emotional literacy: Being able to label emotion precisely
Empathy and compassion: The ability to feel and understand the emotions of others
Balance: Being able to take decision striking a balance between emotion and reason
Responsibility: Taking primary responsibility for your own emotions and not saying that other made you feel the way you feel
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Distress Tension
Anxiety
Frustration
Strain
Trauma
Fear
Pressure
Eustress Challenge
Opportunity
Progress
Success
Achievements
excitements
Stress Change
Conflict
Criticism
Imbalance
Discomfort
Unexpectedness
Threat
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Stress and performance
Constructive stress.
Also known as eustress.
Moderate levels of stress act in a positive
way for both individuals and organization.
Destructive stress.
Also known as distress.
Low and especially high levels of stress act
in a negative way for both individuals and
organization.
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How does stress affect people at work?
Stress can harm peoples physical and psychological health.
Health problem associated with stress. Heart attack.
Stroke.
Hypertension.
Migraine headache.
Ulcers.
Depression.
Muscle aches.
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Key symptoms of excessive stress
Changes from:
Regular attendance to absenteeism.
Punctuality to tardiness.
Diligent work to careless work.
A positive attitude to a negative attitude.
Openness to change to resistance to
change.
Cooperation to hostility.
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Stress prevention
The best first-line strategy in battling
stress.
Involves taking action to keep stress
from reaching a destructive level.
Need to monitor personal and non-
work stressors and to be proactive in
preventing their adverse impact.
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Stress management
Accept its existence
Know your limit
Share
Take care of your health
Make time for fun and relaxation
Participate
Exercise
Meditate
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Organizational Behavior 26
Demands-Resources Model of Stress
Demands
Responsibilities, pressures, obligations, and uncertainties in the workplace
Resources
Things within an individuals control that can be used to resolve demands
Adequate resources help reduce the stressful nature of demands
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Organizational Behavior 27
A Model of Stress
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Potential Sources of Stress
Environmental Factors
Economic uncertainties of the business cycle
Political uncertainties of political systems
Technological uncertainties of technical innovations
Organizational Factors
Task demands related to the job
Role demands of functioning in an organization
Interpersonal demands created by other employees
Personal Factors
Family and personal relationships
Economic problems from exceeding earning capacity
Personality problems arising from basic disposition
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Causes Of Stress
EXTERNAL
Major life changes
Work
Relationship difficulties
Financial problems
Being too busy
Children and family
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Causes Of Stress
INTERNAL
Inability to accept uncertainty
Pessimism
Negative self-talk
Unrealistic expectations
Perfectionism
Lack of assertiveness
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Managing Stress Individual Approaches
Implementing time management Increasing physical exercise Relaxation training Expanding social support network
Organizational Approaches Improved personnel selection and job placement Training Use of realistic goal setting Redesigning of jobs Increased employee involvement Improved organizational communication Offering employee sabbaticals Establishment of corporate wellness programs
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Strategies for Managing Stress:
Stress management strategy #1:
Avoid unnecessary stress
Learn how to say no
Avoid people who stress you out
Take control of your environment
Avoid hot-button topics
Pare down your to-do list
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Strategies for Managing Stress:
Stress management strategy #2
Alter the situation
Express your feelings instead of bottling them up
Be willing to compromise
Be more assertive
Manage your time better
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Strategies for Managing Stress:
Stress management strategy #3
Accept the things you cant change
Dont try to control the uncontrollable
Look for the upside
Share your feelings
Learn to forgive
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Strategies for Managing Stress:
Stress management strategy #4
Adapt to the stressor
Reframe problems
Look at the big picture
Adjust your standards
Focus on the positive
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Assignment
What are the steps to be followed in STRESS MANAGEMENT.
Write down the Definitions of Stress from the following perspective
stimulus based definitions,
intervening process or transactional definitions, and
response-based definitions