Download - LECTURE 4 LATE ADULTHOOD
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LECTURE 4LATE
ADULTHOOD
OUTLINE
1) Issues of Late Adulthood Development
2) Developmental Task
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ISSUES OF LATE ADULTHOOD DEVELOPMENTErikson’s Theory – the stage he
propose for late adulthood is ‘ego integrity vs despair’◦The older must think back over her
life and try to come terms with who she has been and who she now is
Butler proposed that in old age, all of us go through a process he called a life review
Several studies show that a process of structured of reminiscence may increase the life satisfaction or self esteem of older adults.
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DEPENDENCEMain issue to overcomeDependence in terms of:
financial physical emotional
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FINANCIAL DEPENDENCESaving for futureMost of older people don’t have
insuranceIncome sources : children,
pension, investment, rent, business, work & etc.
Financial protection is needed
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PHYSICAL DEPENDENCEDecreased physical ability
loss of ability to live alone loss of energy loss of control over daily routine possible inability to do favorite
things Older people need attention especially
from family members. Social welfare program for older
people
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EMOTIONAL DEPENDENPCEOlder people need love and
social interactionFeel lonely because of death
event and community involvement decrease can disturb mental illness
Friendship network decrease and only have interaction with adult children.
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DEVELOPMENT TASK1. Staying physically healthy and
adjusting to limitations2. Planning finances to ensure
adequate means of support3. Learning and adjusting to revised
work roles4. Learning to use leisure time
pleasurably5. Finding companionship and friends6. Establishing new roles in the family7. Achieving integrity through
acceptance of one’s life
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STAYING PHYSICALLY HEALTHY AND ADJUSTING TO LIMITATIONS
The task of staying healthy becomes more difficult as people age
This is one of the important challenges of late adulthood
It involves good habits and preventive medicine –getting regular medical and dental checkups
Many of illness in later years develop into chronic problems because of neglect not because of aging
Older adults should also attend to their physical appearance
Physical health depends partially on mental attitude
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PLANNING FINANCES TO ENSURE ADEQUATE MEANS OF SUPPORT
Financial planning should be implemented early and this requires careful long-term planning
Good planning will help older people have financial independence
The disable who depend on others need to investigate what resources might be able from children or other relatives, pension, public old assistance programs ect.
Many adults have to consider revising their life style to cut down on expenses
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LEARNING AND ADJUSTING TO REVISED WORK ROLESOrdinarily, government or non-
government workers are retired at this stage and do an adjustment
They have to consider a major change in work roles & learn new types of work
Retirement for them means retraining, changing jobs or going into business for themselves.
Retirement offers the opportunity to do their own activities.
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LEARNING TO USE LEISURE TIME PLEASURABLY
As work decline, more leisure time is available for preferred pursuits
Pleasure is the feeling of being pleased and happy; it is gladness and joy
Many of older adults have not learned to enjoy themselves because of they are the work generation.
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FINDING COMPANIONSHIP AND FRIENDS
Loneliness is one of the most frequent complaints of older people
Their challenge is to find meaningful relationships with others
Require joining formal organizations or groups in the community or extending oneself to others to cultivate friends
Involves personal initiative in contacting others, extending invitations or making phone calls.
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ESTABLISHING NEW ROLES IN THE FAMILYSeveral events bring about the
adjustment of family roles◦ Children marrying & moving away◦ Grandparenthood◦ Retirement◦ The death of spouse◦ Becoming dependence on one’s children
All of these circumstances require major adjustment and realignment of family roles and responsibilities
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ACHIEVING INTEGRITY THROUGH ACCEPTANCE OF ONE’S LIFE
Erikson (1959) says that the development of ego integrity is the chief psychosocial task of the final stage of life
This includes life review, being able to accept the facts of one’s life without regret, being able to face death without great fear
It entails appreciating one’s own individuality, accomplishments, and satisfactions as well as accepting the hardship, failures and disappointment