Download - Lecture pp5&6staphylococcus
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Staphylococcus
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Classification
• Family
• Genus
• Species
Micrococcaceae
Micrococcus and Staphylococcus
S. aureusS. saprophyticusS. epidermidisM. luteusmore
than 20 specie
s
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Gram-Positive Cocci
Enterococcus (Group D CHO) hemolytic ( or )Enterococcus faecalis, E. faecium
FAMILY Micrococcaceae (catalase positive)Coagulase-positive Staphylococcus aureusCoag.-neg. Staphylococcus epidermidis, S. saprophyticus
FAMILY Streptococcaceae (catalase negative)Group A: -hemolytic Streptococcus pyogenesGroup B: -hemolytic (occasionally or ) S. agalactiaeGroup C: -hemolytic ( or ) S. anginosus, S. equismilisGroup D: or hemolytic () S. bovisGroup F: -hemolytic S. anginosusGroup G: -hemolytic S. anginosusViridans streptococci: (no group specific CHO)
or hemolytic S. mutans and S. salivarius, S. sanguis, S. mitis and S. milleri groups
Streptococcus pneumoniae (no group CHO)(-hemolytic)
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Morphology
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MorphologyStaph vs. Strep
Gram-positive cocci
in clusters
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StreptococcusStaphylococcus
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Staphylococcus
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See Overheads
~~~~~~~~~~
TSS
Foodborne Intoxication
~~~~~~~~~~
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MICROBIALPATHOGEN ADHESIN RECEPTOR
Staphylococcus aureus LLiippootteeiicchhooiicc aacciidd UnknownStaphylococcus spp. SSlliimmee llaayyeerr UnknownGroup A Streptococcus LLTTAA--MM pprrootteeiinn ccoommpplleexx FFiibbrroonneeccttiinn
Streptococcus pneumoniae Protein N-acetylhexosamine-galEscherichia coli Type 1 fimbriae
CFA 1 fimbriaeP fimbriae
D-MMaannnnoosseeGM ggaanngglliioossiiddeeP blood grp glycolipid
Other Enterobacteriaceae Type 1 fimbriae D-MannoseNeisseria gonorrhoeae Fimbriae GD1 gangliosideTreponema pallidum P1, P2, P3 FibronectinChlamydia spp. Cell surface lectin N-acetylglucosamineMycoplasma pneumoniae Protein P1 Sialic acidVibrio cholerae Type 4 pili Fucose and mannose
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Cell-Associated Virulence Factors• Capsule or slime layer (glycocalyx)
• Peptidoglycan (PG)
• Teichoic acid is covalently linked to PG and is species specific:S. aureus ribitol teichoic acid
(polysaccharide A)S. epidermidis glycerol teichoic acid
(polysaccharide B)
• Protein A is covalently linked to PG
• Clumping factor (bound coagulase)
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Virulence Factors Extracellular Enzymes
• Coagulases (bound or free)Antigenic
• Hyaluronidase “spreading factor” of S. aureus
• NucleaseCleaves DNA and RNA in S. aureus
• ProteaseStaphylokinase (fibrinolysin)
• Lipases
• Esterases
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Virulence Factors: Exotoxins• Cytolytic (cytotoxins; cytolysins)
Alpha toxin - hemolysin • Reacts with RBCs
Beta toxin• Sphingomyelinase
Gamma toxin• Hemolytic activity
Delta toxin• Cytopathic for:
– RBCs– Macrophages– Lymphocytes– Neutrophils– Platelets
• Enterotoxic activity Leukocidin
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• Enterotoxin
• Exfoliative toxin (epidermolytic toxin)
• Pyrogenic exotoxins
Virulence Factors: Exotoxins
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Pathogenesis
• Pass skin – first line of defense Benign infection
• Phagocytosis• Antibody• Inflammatory response
Chronic infections• Delayed hypersensitivity
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Clinical Manifestations/Disease
• SKIN folliculitis boils (furuncles) carbuncles impetigo (bullous & pustular) scalded skin syndrome
•Neonates and children under 4 years
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Clinical Manifestations/Disease
• Other infections Primary staphylococcal pneumonia Food poisoning vs. foodborne disease Toxic shock syndrome
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Metastatic Infections
•Bacteremia
•Osteomyelitis disease of growing bone
• Pulmonary and cardiovascular infection
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Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci
• Staphylococcus epidermidis
• S. saprophyticus
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Staphylococcal Lab ID & Diagnostic Tests
• Microscopic
• Lab isolation
• Coagulase positive S. aureus
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Mannitol Salts Agar (MSA)
Staphylococcus aureus
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Catalase2H2O2 O2 + 2H2O
Streptococci vs. Staphylococci
Differential Characteristics
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Catalase POS
Staphylococcus
Catalase NEG
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S. aureus
Coagulase
Fibrinogen Fibrin
Differential Characteristics
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Coagulase NEG
Coagulase POS
Staphylococcus aureus
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Treatment
• Drain infected area• Deep/metastatic infections
semi-synthetic penicllins cephalosporins erythromycin clindamycin
• Endocarditis semi-synthetic penicillin + an aminoglycoside
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Prevention
• Carrier status prevents complete control
• Proper hygiene, segregation of carrier from highly susceptible individuals
• Good aseptic techniques when handling surgical instruments
• Control of nosocomial infections
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REVIEW
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Gram-Positive Cocci
Enterococcus (Group D CHO) hemolytic ( or )Enterococcus faecalis, E. faecium
FAMILY Micrococcaceae (catalase positive)Coagulase-positive Staphylococcus aureusCoag.-neg. Staphylococcus epidermidis, S. saprophyticus
FAMILY Streptococcaceae (catalase negative)Group A: -hemolytic Streptococcus pyogenesGroup B: -hemolytic (occasionally or ) S. agalactiaeGroup C: -hemolytic ( or ) S. anginosus, S. equismilisGroup D: or hemolytic () S. bovisGroup F: -hemolytic S. anginosusGroup G: -hemolytic S. anginosusViridans streptococci: (no group specific CHO)
or hemolytic S. mutans and S. salivarius, S. sanguis, S. mitis and S. milleri groups
Streptococcus pneumoniae (no group CHO)(-hemolytic)
REVIEW
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REVIEW
Which features are only found in S. aureus?
S. epidermidis
S. aureus
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REVIEW
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REVIEW
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REVIEW
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REVIEW
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REVIEW
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