Download - Lesson 1.7 - Knowledge and Values
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Part 1.7
Knowledge & ValuesBy: Rohaizan Baharuddin
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Learning Objectives
1.7 Knowledge and Value
(epistemology and axiology)
a) Definition
b) Types and Hierarchy
c) Sources
d) Reflection
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Definition
1) Knowledge / Epistemology
- Derives from two Greek words:
a) Episteme means knowledge
b) Logos means theory
- It gives inspiration in the heart and guides our action,
and contributes towards betterment of society, not only
supplies information
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Definition
2) Value / Axiology
- Derives from two Greek words:
I a) Axios means value/worth
b) Logos means theory
- An element that can measure human behavior whetherthe action is liking or disliking (subjective)
- Decides on the movement, action and behavior of
human under certain values at a particular time and ata particular place.
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Learning Objectives
1.7 Knowledge and Value
(epistemology and axiology)
a) Definition
b) Types and Hierarchy
c) Sources
d) Reflection
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Types of Knowledge According to Hierarchy
a) Revealed Knowledge
b) Inspirational Knowledge
c) Rational Knowledge
d) Empirical Knowledge
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Types of Knowledge According to Hierarchy
a) Revealed Knowledge
Knowledge about al-Quran, tafsir, hadith, fiqh, usul, etc. Also known as Syariah, religious, and naqli knowledge.
All this knowledge is fardhu ain.
The truth in this knowledge is an absolute truth
Highest level and sometimes beyond the human mind or senses.
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Types of Knowledge According to Hierarchy
b) Inspirational Knowledge
Only certain people are able to attain it.
Usually, human possesses it with pure heart or deep
attachment and interest on something.
Known as knowledge ofladunni.
Must be integrated with revealed knowledge.
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Types of Knowledge According to Hierarchy
c) Rational Knowledge
Based on mental capacity and ability
Limited in nature
Support revealed knowledge and need to be guided
by it
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Types of Knowledge According to Hierarchy
d) Empirical/Sensor Knowledge
It can be obtained by human senses
Knowledge is something that can be proven through senses and
supported by rational knowledge
In Islam, empirical knowledge must be obtained with the guidance of
revealed knowledge
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Types of Islamic Values
According to Hierarchy
a) Mahmudah / Maruf
b) Makruhah
c) Mazmumah / Munkar
Mubah/permisible Sunat/Recommended Fardhu/Wajib/Obligatory
Makruh/Discouraged
Haram/Bad/Prohibited
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1) Mahmudah /Good Valuesa) Fardhu/compulsory
- Things that must be done by a Muslim.
- Do what has been asked to do and dont do what isforbidden.
- Muslims are rewarded if they do right thing and punishedfor wrong thing.
b) Sunnah/recommended
- Doers will be rewarded and no punishment for those
who do not.
c)Mubah/Permissible
- Muslims are free to choose whether he wants to do it or
not. If he performs it, no reward will be given. And if he
doesnt, no punishment for that.
Types of Values According to Hierarchy
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2) Makruhah /Discouraged Values
a) Makruh or discouraged
- Things or actions those are discouraged by Islam.
- If we execute it, no punishment for that.
- But if we dont execute it, reward will be given.
3) Mazmumah /Bad Values
a) Haram or prohibited
- Things or actions that are totally forbidden by Islam.
- If we do it, we will be punished. If we dont, we will be
rewarded.
Types of Values According to Hierarchy
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Learning Objectives
1.7 Knowledge and Value
(epistemology and axiology)
a) Definition
b) Types and Hierarchy
c) Sources
d) Reflection
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Sources of Knowledge
a) Revealation
b) Inspiration
d) Mind
d) Senses
c) Intuition
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Sources
1) Knowledge / Epistemologya) Revelation
- Refers to Quran and Sunnah
- Source of all knowledge
- Allah
Prophets
mankind- Main source for Muslims about God, aqidah, syariahand akhlak
b) Inspiration (ilham)
- Only rewarded to extraordinary man who deeply attachedto certain fields
- Can be obtained through tireless of practices, isolation,pure heart, remembering Allah: zikrand fasting
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Sources
c) Intuition / instinct
- Power of understanding the situations or peoples feelingsand doing something immediately, without hardship /study.
- Intuition only comes when man has a deep interest on the
subject or its born by nature
d) Mind
- The difference between human and other creatures
- The thinking and understanding ability of human beings
differs from one person to another for many reason
- According to Muslim Scholars, mind is not a total source ofknowledge.
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Sources
e) Senses
- Humans have 5 senses: taste, smell, touch, sight andhearing
- Information we get is transferred to mind through these 5senses
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Sources
2) Values / Aksiology- In every society, religion is the source of moral
values
- In Islam, there are 3 main sources of moral values:a) Quran
b) Sunnah / Hadith
c) Uruf/ Adah (custom)
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Question and
Answer Session
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Yes
No
Seeking knowledge is sunnah/recommended in Islam
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Yes
No
Muslims are abligated to learn both Fardhu Ain and FardhuKifayah knowledge.
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Revealed knowledge is also known as __________ .
Fardhu Kifayah knowledge
Fardhu Ain knowledge
Quranic knowledge
Sunnah knowledge
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Below are the types of Islamic Values except
Mahmudah
Makruhah
Mazmumah
Mawaddah
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The followings are the sources of Islamic Values except
Quran
Sunnah
Islamic Law
Culture
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Below are not the sources of knowledge except
books
internet
eyes
head
Whi h f h f ll i / bj h b
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Which of the following courses/subjects serves as the bestexample of Fardhu Ain knowledge
Bahasa Kebangsaan A
Islamic Studies
Malaysian Studies
Moral Education
Whi h f th t t t b l i t b t h
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Which of the statement below is correct about humansintellect?
Humans intellect can hardly be used for
the sake of religion
Humans intellect can serve as a limited
source of knowledge
Humans intellect is useless and can never
challenge the revelation
Humans intellect has the ability to predict
the future
Th f All h k i th k l d (Il Al
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The purpose of Allah keeping the unseen knowledge (Ilm Al-Ghaib) hidden from human beings is to test their _______.
faith
power
weaknesses
smartness
A di t th hi h f l i I l h
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According to the hierarchy of values in Islam, sunnah(recommended) falls under the category of __________.
munkar
muhsin
mahram
maruf
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Learning Objectives
1.7 Knowledge and Value
(epistemology and axiology)
a) Definition
b) Types and Hierarchy
c) Sources
d) Reflection
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Our Education System:A Reflection
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Islam stresses that the integration between world
knowledge and eternity knowledge, and the
assimilation between life values and religious values
are very important.
Islam deems that life in this world is a bridge to life in
eternity.
The emphasis of revelation as the main source ofknowledge and values in Islam is to show that al-
Quran and al-Sunnah are the greatest treasure for
Muslims
Conclusion