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LESSON PLAN
PAUL EBENEZER.P
1ST YEAR MSC NURSING
COLLEGE OF NURSING , CMC, VELLORE
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WHAT IS LESSON PLAN ?
A plan prepared by a teacher to teach a lesson in an organized manner
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EVOLUTION OF LESSON PLAN
Origin – is from Gestalt theory of learning The Gestalt theory has a great influence on
human learning “ the whole is perceived by parts”.
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GESTALT THEORY- lesson plan
In lesson planning each unit plays an important role in learning, because the learner usually takes the help of units in understanding the whole concept.
The part conveys the whole. The meaningful activities are related to
each other within a unit. These activities provides the purposeful
learning experiences and the leaner understands the whole concept.
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DEFINITION
Lesson plan is the title given to the statements of achievements to be realized and specific meaning by which these are to be attained as a result of activities engaged during the period
-L.S.Bossing-
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PURPOSE OF LESSON PLAN
Ensures definite objective for the days work Keeps the teacher on track Ensures selection, presentation and
interpretation of subject matter Helps to choose effective method of teaching Enables to evaluate the teaching sessions Helps to review the subject and gives up to
date knowledge
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PURPOSE OF LESSON PLAN cont..
Helps to clarify the ideas Gives the teacher greater confidence It stimulates the teacher to think of related
material , illustrations and audio-visual aids. Enables teacher to organize classroom
teaching activities Develops reasoning, imagination and
decision making ability of the teacher Facilitates micro teaching
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PRINCIPLES
Used as a guide rather than as a rule of thumb Teacher must have mastery of and adequate
training in the topic Needs to be fully conversant with new methods
and techniques of teaching Needs to organize the material in an organized
rather than a logical fashion Must ensure active student participation Should use different teaching learning methods
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CHARACTERISTICS OF GOOD LESSON PLAN
Should have clearly stated objectives To be linked with previous knowledge of
students Should show and specify illustrative aids Should contain suitable organized subject
matter Should be divided into units It should not make the students passive
learner
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CHARACTERISTICS OF GOOD LESSON PLAN Cont..
There should be flexibility in changing lesson plan.
Should include the summary of the whole lesson.
The lesson plan should be in such a way that it should provide full justification to all students.
Should plan for student assignment. Must have plan for self –criticisms and self
evaluation of the lesson.
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Prerequisites for making good
lesson planThe teacher should have-- Good knowledge about the student’s
interests, traits and abilities. Mastery over the subject matter and
adequate training on the subject. Principles of teaching and learning. Awareness of individual differences
among the students.
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Prerequisites for making good
lesson plan cont..
The knowledge what the students already possess about the topic
Organization of the material in a psychological and logical fashion
Fully conversant with new methods and techniques of teaching the subject
Ensure active pupil participation
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5.Application 6.Recapitulation
3.Comparison or association4.Generalizations
1.Preparation or introduction2.Presentation
STEPS IN LESSON PLANNING
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Preparation or introduction
Knowledge which helps to lead them onto lesson.
Teacher prepares student to receive knowledge.
Testing previous knowledge. It arouses interest and curiosity to learn new
matter. Introduction should be brief and to the point.
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Presentation
Aim of the lesson should be clearly stated before the presentation.
In teaching –learning process ,both –actively participate.
The Teacher has to present the topic in enthusiastic manner
learner will be motivated and get interest to learn
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Comparison or association
Quote examples Associate facts with to example So that learner can understand very
easily and arrive at generalization on their own
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Generalizations
It involves reflective thinking. Knowledge presented by the teacher
should be thought provoking. Innovating and stimulating to assist
the students to generalize the situation.
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Application
The student make use of the knowledge acquired
What ever they learnt in the theory has to apply in clinical field to make learning more permanent and worthwhile.
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Recapitulation
Ask suitable stimulating pivotal questions to student on topic.
The answer will give feed back, regarding the efficacy of the method of teaching clarification
Needed or not
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TYPES OF LESSON PLAN
Cognitive domain
Affective domain
Psychomotor domain
Lesson plan related to knowledge
Lesson plan related to
appreciation
Lesson plan related to
skills
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Forms Of Lesson Plan
HERBARTIAN APPROACH
BLOOMS OR EVALUATION APPROACH
(RCEM) REGIONAL COLLEGE OF EDUCATION MYSORE APPROACH
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Herbartian approach
John Frederick Herbart (1776-1841)- a German Philosopher and great educationist
This approach is influenced by classical human organizational theory
The previous knowledge of the student is considered in preparing lesson plan ,but their abilities, attitudes and values are not taken into consideration while designing a lesson plan.
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Five steps of teaching unit activities
Preparation Presentation Comparison Generalization Application
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Merits of Herbartian lesson planning
It is logical and psychological It assists in making teaching systematic It is employed in the teaching of all school subjects It is used in achieving the cognitive objective of teaching It employs the deductive and inductive methods of teaching It is simple and easy approach of lesson planning It employs previous knowledge of the students for imparting
new knowledge It provides a useful framework, confidence and self reliance
by following these steps and thus making teaching effective
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Demerits of Herbartian approach It is highly dominated by teacher It is suited for knowledge lesson only It is highly structured and does not provide opportunities for
teacher’s creativity and originality More stress on teaching than in learning Is highly loaded by cognitive objectives Does not consider the learning structures in organizing
teaching activities Teaching activities are less meaningful and practical There is inactivity on the part of the students
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Blooms approach
B .S . Bloom (1961) He has made education as objective
centered rather than client centered His approach of lesson planning is
termed as evaluative approach
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Features
All educational activities are objective centered The teaching and testing should be objective centered The term evaluation concerns with all activities of
teaching and testing It does not confine to the students achievement only It evaluates the teaching, learning objectives, methods
and devices of providing learning experiences. The student performances are evaluated in terms of
learning objectives and not the achievement of the content
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Tripolar process in Bloom Approach
Formulating educational objective
Creating learning experience
Evaluating change of behavior
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Merits of Blooms lesson planning
The objectives are written in behavioral terms The teaching activities are related to learning
structures It makes the teaching purposeful and objective
centered It is based on psychological and scientific
principles It has greater scope for improving and
modifying the learning experience or teaching activities
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Demerits of blooms lesson planning
It is highly structured and mechanized and does not provide opportunity for creativity and originality
It has the greater scope for personal factors of teacher to influence the planning and organizing teaching activities
One teaching activity does not confine to one domain. it is concerned with more than one domain
The mental process and mental abilities are not taken into consideration in writing objectives in behavioral terms
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RCEM Approach
Developed by Indian educationists at Regional college of Education , Mysore
Design of lesson planning:-
input process output
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HIGHLY STRUCTURED SESSON PLAN
Time
Specific Objective
Content
Teaching activity
Student Activity
AV Aids
Evaluation
Name of Teacher: Class:Subject: No. Of Students:Unit: Date and Time:Topic of lesson : DurationPrevious Knowledge Of students: Venue:Methods of Teaching:Resources:Central objectives:Specific Objectives:
Recapitulation: Assignments: Reference:
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LOOSELY STRUCTURED SESSON PLAN
Time Specific objectives Content Teaching learning Activity
Name of TeacherClass:Subject: No. Of Students:Unit: Date and Time:Topic of lesson : Duration:Previous Knowledge Of students: Venue:Methods of Teaching:Resources:Central objectives:Specific Objectives:
Recapitulation: Assignments: Reference:
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Advantages/Disadvantages
Teacher:- Advantages:- the teacher can plan the presentation in advance,
helping in making the teaching effective Helps in apparent time saving and avoids
unnecessary repetition New knowledge can be presented which is not
there in the text book Teacher can integrate the subject matter
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Cont..
It enables the teacher to present a large amount of information in a short time
It acts as a plan for self criticisms and self evaluation
Dis Advantage:- The main emphasis is given to presentation It confines the teaching up to memory level only
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Cont..
Students:- Merit:- A well presented class may increase the student
motivation Greater scope for improving and modifying the
learning experience
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Cont..
Demerits:-• Student attention may want the presentation to
suit the level of understanding of all students• Poor planning and lack of direction of teaching
may result in wasting student time• Poor lesson plan can make the student a mere
passive learner
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Guidelines for pupil teachers while doing teaching practice
Every activity you undertake needs to be carefully planned and executed
Show good taste and neatness in dress Be mentally and physically alert Make your voice clear ,pleasing and well
modulated. Prepare your lesson thoroughly and take it into
account the probable questions that may be put to you by students during the course of your lesson
Divide your lessons into suitable sections
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Guidelines for pupil teachers while doing teaching practice
Illustrate your teaching by example Use correct and definite language while putting
questions to the students Be friendly and understanding but firm in your
dealings with students Use audiovisual aids properly Teach the whole class and not a few students
sitting on the front benches Develop the blackboard summary along with the
development of the lesson
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Guidelines for pupil teachers while doing teaching practice
Make the blackboard writing very legible Put thought provoking questions Learn to ride your eyes, through the eyes of the
students Use refined and sweet language Display sense of humor Familiarize yourself with the textbook and instructional
materials used in the class Ensure your lesson plan is free from mistakes Always consult dictionary while planning your lesson
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Guidelines for pupil teachers while doing teaching practice
Be sure that everything you write on the blackboard is correct
Always be punctual in reaching your class Make all possible efforts to base the discipline in
the classroom on co-operation rather than moralizing
Try to forget that you are being watched over by colleagues and the supervisor
Do not critize the regular teachers who are teaching the class
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Guidelines for pupil teachers while doing teaching practice
Cultivate the spirit of happiness and success in the class
Turn your head backward while writing on the board to ensure that all students are taking interest in the lesson
Use the pointer to show some places on the map or the chart
Avoid mannerisms and pet phrases Do not feel nervous when your supervisor visits
your class
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Give due attention to the views of the supervisor
Accept criticism without getting your feelings hurt
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Thank you