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MultiPhase Flow MeteringMultiPhase Flow Meteringon its way from nursing to mature technologyon its way from nursing to mature technology
Lex Scheers, 19-11-2009E-mail : [email protected] 1
1LS, Feb 2009
ProductionMeasurementTeamTitle
MultiMulti--Phase Flow MeteringPhase Flow Metering
On its way from nursing to mature technologyOn its way from nursing to mature technology
Lex ScheersLex [email protected]@shell.com
Advanced ProductionManagement
VSL, Delft16 Nov 2009 2
LS, Feb 2009
ProductionMeasurementTeam
1. Introduction2. Stripping the Facilities
3. Multiphase Flow Metering
4. Performance Maps
5. MPM Technology
6. Conclusions
3LS, Feb 2009
ProductionMeasurementTeam
Introduction
- The product balance
GAS
GAS
OIL
OIL
WATER
WATER
RESERVOIR
GAS
GAS
WATER
WATER
WATER
WATER
DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL
SALES GASSALES GAS
SALES OILSALES OIL
FLARE GAS,FLARE GAS,OWN USEOWN USE $
$$
$
$
$
$ $ $
PRODUCTION FACILITYfor each phase
in = out
4LS, Feb 2009
ProductionMeasurementTeam
Introduction
- Flowrate measurements
Fiscal/Sales Allocation Taxation / royalty / sales Production allocation to partners in joint p ipelines
Reservoir Management Maximise hydrocarbon recovery at prevailing economic and
technical conditions, e.g.Planning primary, secondary and tertiary developmentDepletion policy, Injection/production balanceProduction forecast and future project ranking
Operational Control Well surveillance Artificial lift optimisation Process and equipment performance
Production targets and constraints Allocate bulk measurements to individual wells or reservoir
5LS, Feb 2009
ProductionMeasurementTeam
Costs vs Value of Information
TheTheValueValueLoopLoop
Interpretation&
Modeling
DataGathering
Decisions
&
Actions
HydrocarbonAssets
For any production measurement device (incl. MPFMs)we have to compare Costs, Value of Information and Accuracyand we need to select the optimum.
Production Measurement costs
are known
Challenge is to determine theValue of Information
Accuracy for MPFMis not yet fully defined
Youcantmanage
what
youcantmeasure
6LS, Feb 2009
ProductionMeasurementTeam
Cost Effectiveness of Meas uring Equipment
Acceptable unce rtainty (percent)
Cost(U.S.
dollars)
0
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Measurement cos ts decrease
Losses and risks (wrong decisions) increase
Optimum cost
with increasing uncertainty
with increasing uncertainty
per measurement
Acceptable uncertainty (%)
Costs(AU)
Measurement costs decreasewith increasing uncertainty
Losses and risks (wrong decisions) increasewith increasing uncertainty
Cost Effectiveness of MeasuringEquipment
Optimum costper measurement
Economic considerations
- Accuracy vs. Costs
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8/12/2019 Lex Scheers - Shell Global Solutions
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MultiPhase Flow MeteringMultiPhase Flow Meteringon its way from nursing to mature technologyon its way from nursing to mature technology
Lex Scheers, 19-11-2009E-mail : [email protected] 2
7LS, Feb 2009
ProductionMeasurementTeam
1. Introduction2. Stripping the Facilities
3. Multiphase Flow Metering
4. Performance Maps
5. MPM Technology
6. Conclusions
8LS, Feb 2009
ProductionMeasurementTeam
Production facility configuration
- Conventional facilities
To Bulk separator
Wells
Testseparator
Test header
Bulk header
Test line
Bulk line
9LS, Feb 2009
ProductionMeasurementTeam
Multi-Phase Flow Meters are around
already for years
Input:MultiPhase Flow
Output:Oil, Water and GasProduction Figures
MPFM mainstream development started around 1990
Laboratory trials 1991 - 1995Field trials 1993 - 1996Commercially available from 1996
10LS, Feb 2009
ProductionMeasurementTeam
Production facility configuration
Manifolded Multiphase Flowmeter
ToBulk separator
Wells Test header
Bulk header
upto 20 km
MPFM
Multiphase Flow Meter
11LS, Feb 2009
ProductionMeasurementTeam
Production facility configuration
Wellhead multiphase flow meters
ToBulk separator
Wells
MPFM
MultiphaseFlow Meters
MPFM
MPFM
MPFM
MPFM
Theultimateaim!!!!surfaceMPFMorsub-surfaceMPFMperindividualwell
12LS, Feb 2009
ProductionMeasurementTeam
Great White Prospect Setting
8000-9000 WDRemote
200 mi. S Freeport,60-90 mi. from nearest host
Rugged Seafloor Terrain & HazardsNo Producing AnaloguesLack Reservoir EnergyStructurally Complex
Applications for Sales Allocation are embarking .....
(Courtesy of Shell EPW)
Perdido Regional Host (PRH) is owned by Shell, Chevron, and BP.
Currently there are three (3) fields that will be producing to the PRHwhich are the Great White field, the Silvertip field, and the Tobago field.
The Great White field is owned by:Shell, Chevron, BP
The Silvertip field is owned by:Shell, Chevron
Tobago field is owned by:Shell, Chevron, Nexen
HoustonHouston BeaumontBeaumont
TxCityTxCity
New OrlNew Orl
SS 3 3 2SS 3 3 2
Mad DogMad Dog
AtlaAtlaHolsteinHolstein
Port ArthurPort Arthur HoumaHouma
ST301ST301
FouFour
TahitiTahiti
GC 19GC 19
AugerAuger
GreatWhiteGreatWhite
Diana HooverDiana Hoover
Jones CreekJones Creek
To CushingTo Cushing
Boomvang
Nansen
Boomvang
Nansen
GunnisonGunnison
18,88mbd
20,170+mbd
30,500mbd
GB72GB72
EnchEnch
HoustonHouston BeaumontBeaumont
TxCityTxCity
New OrlNew Orl
SS 3 3 2SS 3 3 2
Mad DogMad Dog
AtlaAtlaHolsteinHolstein
Port ArthurPort Arthur HoumaHouma
ST301ST301
FouFour
TahitiTahiti
GC 19GC 19
AugerAuger
GreatWhiteGreatWhite
Diana HooverDiana Hoover
Jones CreekJones Creek
To CushingTo Cushing
Boomvang
Nansen
Boomvang
Nansen
GunnisonGunnison
18,88mbd
20,170+mbd
30,500mbd
GB72GB72
EnchEnch
Great White
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MultiPhase Flow MeteringMultiPhase Flow Meteringon its way from nursing to mature technologyon its way from nursing to mature technology
Lex Scheers, 19-11-2009E-mail : [email protected] 3
13LS, Feb 2009
ProductionMeasurementTeam
Train 1
Train 2
1
Rumuji
Manifold
72
GTS1Slugcatcher
36 5
9
NLNG Site
Ubeta
Obiafu
Soku
Obite
BelemaNembe
Creek
Ebocha
Oshie
Gas Supply to LNG plant
Base Project (simple)
GTS 1
Base ProjectExpansion ProjectPlus Project
SPDC
NAOC
EPNLTrain 6 14LS, Feb 2009
ProductionMeasurementTeam
Train 1
Train 2
Train 3
Train 4
Train 5
Train 6
1
4
RumujiManifold
12
72
8
GTS1Slugcatcher
GTS3Slugcatcher
GTS2&4Slugcatcher
24
21
2623
17
1618
14
15
22OGGS RP-A
Manifold
36 5
19
25
13
10
11
9
20
NLNG Site
Kolo Creek
Ubeta
Otumara
Odidi
ForcadosYokri
Bonga
SouthernSwampForcardos
EA
H K
Amenam
UtapateConnect may be moved
to GTS2due CO2
Gbaran
NunRiver
Obite
Oshie
Akri
Ebocha
Kwale
Irri
IduOgainbiri
BelemaNembeCreek Soku
BonnyNAG
20bTebida
20a
Obama
underconsideration
Gas Supply to Nigeria LNG
Extensions (it is getting a bit complex ....)
GTS 1(owned by NLNG)
GTS 2 (EGGS, owned by SPDC))
GTS 3 (OGGS, owned by SPDC)
Connecting Spool removedto allow fully independentoperation of GTS1 and GTS4
GTS 4 (proposed to be owned by NAOC)
CawthorneChannel
Base ProjectExpansion ProjectPlus Project
SPDC
NAOC
EPNLTrain 6
Obiafu
15LS, Feb 2009
ProductionMeasurementTeam
Generic Two-Phase Flow Map
SuperficialLiquidVelocity(m/s)
10
1.0
0.1
1.0 10 100Superficial Gas Velocity (m/s)
16LS, Feb 2009
ProductionMeasurementTeam
1. Introduction
2. Stripping the Facilities
3. Multiphase Flow Metering
4. Performance Maps
5. MPM Technology
6. Conclusions
17LS, Feb 2009
ProductionMeasurementTeam
Multiphase Flow Metering
- Building Blocks
No conditioning
(in-line, models)
Mixer
Separation
1. Conditioning
Positive displacement meter
Venturi/Orifice measurement
Cross correlationX X
2. Flowrate/Velocity
21 3+ Gamma or x-ray absorption
Capacitance
Microwave
Dual venturi
Conductive / Inductance
3. Composition 1=++ GasOilWater
I
4. AlgorithmsMPFModels
18LS, Feb 2009
ProductionMeasurementTeam
Schlumberger MultiPhase Flow Meter
Building Blocks
2
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MultiPhase Flow MeteringMultiPhase Flow Meteringon its way from nursing to mature technologyon its way from nursing to mature technology
Lex Scheers, 19-11-2009E-mail : [email protected] 4
19LS, Feb 2009
ProductionMeasurementTeam
Roxar MultiPhase Flow Meter
Building Blocks
1
I
I I
(Optional)
20LS, Feb 2009
ProductionMeasurementTeam
Agar MultiPhase Flow Meter
Building Blocks
21LS, Feb 2009
ProductionMeasurementTeam
Haimo MultiPhase Flow Meter
Building Blocks
2
1 1
22LS, Feb 2009
ProductionMeasurementTeam
FlowSys/PietroFiorentini MultiPhase Flow Meter
Flow
Models
Capacitanceand
Conductance
Venturi (dp)
WC
GVF
Oil
Water
Gas
X-correlation(Velocity)
Fraction
Models
Capacitance andConductanceelectrodes
Venturi
(diff. pressure)
Flow direction
Building Blocks
I I
I
23LS, Feb 2009
ProductionMeasurementTeam
AccuFlow MultiPhase Flow Meter
Building Blocks
SinglePhaseLiquid
SinglePhaseGas
24LS, Feb 2009
ProductionMeasurementTeam
MPM MultiPhase Flow Meter
Compact design
Simple field configuration
Redundancy
WetGas / MultiPhase Mode
Water salinity measurement
Non-radioactive version
Design press. up to 15.000 PSI
Design temp up to 250 degC
Topside (and SubSea)
Building Blocks
1
3D Broadbandtomography
RUNVIDEORUN
VIDEO
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MultiPhase Flow MeteringMultiPhase Flow Meteringon its way from nursing to mature technologyon its way from nursing to mature technology
Lex Scheers, 19-11-2009E-mail : [email protected] 5
25LS, Feb 2009
ProductionMeasurementTeam
1. Introduction2. Stripping the Facilities
3. Multiphase Flow Metering
4. Performance Maps
5. MPM Technology
6. Conclusions
26LS, Feb 2009
ProductionMeasurementTeam
MPFM Diversity
Large diversity in available technology whichresults in a large diversity in:
Uncertainty specification
Performance specifications Influence of fluid parameters Operating Envelopes Presentation of test results
hence need for : Guidance on which technology should be used How to determine operating envelopes How to test meters What is accuaracy Limitations
It is too early for standards on the technology itselfbut it ispossible to produce guidelines and/or standardson how to test, implement and use the technology
!!!!!!
27LS, Feb 2009
ProductionMeasurementTeam
Standardization / Guidelines
DTI (UK)- Guidance notes for Petroleum Measurement,
Module 7 (Dec 2003)
API- Multiphase Flow - White paper- RP86, Well rate determination
NFOGM- Handbook for Multiphase Flow Measurement
1st version issued 19952nd version issued 2005
Large number of publications
Current activities regarding best practices and/or guidelinesfor the design and operation of MultiPhase Flow Meters
FOR FREEFOR FREEFOR FREEFOR FREE
FOR FREEFOR FREEFOR FREEFOR FREE28
LS, Feb 2009
ProductionMeasurementTeam
Presentation of performance [1]
- Liquid Flowrate and Watercut as 45 line
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Reference Watercut (%)
Flow
Sy
sWatercu
t(%)
Water-continuousemulsion
Oil-continuousemulsion
Reference Watercut (%)
W
atercut(%)
WatercutWatercut0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Reference Liquid FlowRate (m3/h)
Flow
Sy
sLiqu
idFlow
Rate(m
3/h)
10%
Reference Liquid Flow (m3/d)
LiquidFlow(m3/d) 10%
Liquid FlowrateLiquid Flowrate
28
29LS, Feb 2009
ProductionMeasurementTeam
Presentation of performance [3]
- Liquid Flowrate and Watercut as function of GVF
-50%
-40%
-30%
-20%
-10%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
0 % 1 0% 2 0% 30 % 4 0% 5 0% 6 0% 7 0% 8 0% 9 0% 1 00 %
GVF (%)
DeviationinLiquidFlowRate(%
Water continuous
Oil-continuous
-50%
-40%
-30%
-20%
-10%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
0 % 1 0% 2 0% 3 0% 4 0% 5 0% 6 0% 7 0% 8 0% 9 0% 1 00 %
GVF (%)
Deviationinwatercut(%
Water continuous
Oil-continuous.
-50%
-40%
-30%
-20%
-10%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
0 % 1 0% 2 0% 30 % 4 0% 5 0% 6 0% 7 0% 80 % 9 0% 1 00 %
GVF (%)
DeviationinGasFlowRate
(%)
Water continuous
Oil-continuous
WatercutWatercut
Liquid FlowrateLiquid Flowrate
Gas FlowrateGas Flowrate
30LS, Feb 2009
ProductionMeasurementTeam
Presentation of performance [4]
- Based on Two-Phase Flow Map and a Diameter
4 line4 line
7,005
700
70.0
700 7,005 70,045Actual Gas Flow rate (m3/d)
ActualLiquidFlowrate(m3/d)
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MultiPhase Flow MeteringMultiPhase Flow Meteringon its way from nursing to mature technologyon its way from nursing to mature technology
Lex Scheers, 19-11-2009E-mail : [email protected] 6
31LS, Feb 2009
ProductionMeasurementTeam
Well Trajectory in Two-Phase Flow Map
10
100
1,000
10,000
100 1,000 10,000 100,000
Gas Flowrate (m3/d) at actual conditions
Liquid
Flowrate
(m3/
d)
GVF=50%GVF=9.1% GVF=90.9%
GVF=99.0%
GVF=99.9%
Wet
Gas
Area
In-lineMulti-PhaseFlow Meter
problem area
Typical position ofboundary betweenslug and mist flow
Uncertaintyin prediction
32LS, Feb 2009
ProductionMeasurementTeam
Well trajectory in Composition Map
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Watercut (%)
GVF
(%)at
actualcondit
ions
OIL WATER
GAS
In-lineMulti-PhaseFlow Meter
net-oil
uncertaintydeterioration
Wet Gas Area
Gassy Liquid
Uncertaintyin prediction
33LS, Feb 2009
ProductionMeasurementTeam
MultiPhase Flow Meter test results
in 2-phase flowmap
10
100
1,000
10,000
100 1,000 10,000 100,000
Gas Flowrate (m3/d) at actual conditions
Liquid
Flowrate
(m3/d)
GVF=50%GVF=9.1% GVF=90.9%
GVF=99.0%
GVF=99.9%
Uncertainty5% Liquid5% Gas
Uncertainty10% Liquid10% Gas
Reference
MPFM
34LS, Feb 2009
ProductionMeasurementTeam
MultiPhase Flow Meter test results
in composition map
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Watercut (%)
GVF
(%)at
actualconditions
OIL WATER
GAS
Uncertainty7.5% watercut
Uncertainty5.0% watercutUncertainty
2.5% watercut
Uncertainty>10% watercut
Gassy Liquid
Wet Gas Area
Uncertainty5.0% watercut
Reference
MPFM
35LS, Feb 2009
ProductionMeasurementTeam
Liquid, Gas and Watercut Cumulative Deviation Plots
Meter E
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%
Deviation (%)
Cumulative
(%oftestpoints)
Liquid
Gas
Watercut
Liquid, Gas and Water Cumulative Deviation Plots
Meter E
36LS, Feb 2009
ProductionMeasurementTeam
Liquid, Gas and Watercut Cumulative Deviation Plots
Meter B
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%
Deviation (%)
Cumulative
(%oftestpoin
ts)
Liquid
Gas
Watercut
Liquid, Gas and Water Cumulative Deviation Plots
Meter B
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8/12/2019 Lex Scheers - Shell Global Solutions
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MultiPhase Flow MeteringMultiPhase Flow Meteringon its way from nursing to mature technologyon its way from nursing to mature technology
Lex Scheers, 19-11-2009E-mail : [email protected] 7
37LS, Feb 2009
ProductionMeasurementTeam
1. Introduction2. Stripping the Facilities
3. Multiphase Flow Metering
4. Performance Maps
5. MPM Technology
6. Conclusions
38LS, Feb 2009
ProductionMeasurementTeam
Field Qualification Program
- Timing
All tests performed using the
same unit
3 MPM Meter
Made as per Gullfaks
Specifications
K-Lab
Oct 06
Gullfaks A
Dec 06
MPM Lab
Sept 06 Jan 07
Gullfaks A
Feb 07 - now
Gullfaks A - operation
Sponsors
39LS, Feb 2009
ProductionMeasurementTeam
Field Qualification Program
- Test conditions, Sep 2006 - Jan 2007
Note: (1) Reference system improvements from Dec 06 to Jan 07
Meter takeninto permanent use in Feb 07 for well testing
MPM Flow Lab K-Lab Test Gullfaks A Gullfaks A
FAT Sept '06 Oct '06 Dec '06 Jan '07
No of test points 220 46 13 10
GVF 0 - 92 % 25 - 99,9 % 40 - 96 % 20 - 95 %
WLR 0 - 95 % 0 - 70 % 2 - 78 % 2 - 85 %
Pressure < 10 bar 120 bar 60 bar 60 bar
Oil Exxol D 140 Condensate Crude Crude
830 kg/m3 620 kg/m3 780 - 840 kg/m3 780 - 840 kg/m3
(1) (1)
40LS, Feb 2009
ProductionMeasurementTeam
Field Qualification Program, MPM flowloop
- Cumulative Deviation Plot
MPM Multiphase Flowmeter
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% 14% 16% 18% 20%
Deviation (%)
Cumulative
(% of test points)
Liquid
Gas
Watercut
Av erage = 0 .60 % StD ev = 1 .87 %
Used liquid testpoints = 97
Av erage = 1.02 % StD ev = 3 .65
Used gas testpoints = 75
Used watercuttestpoints = 97
Average = -0.24 abs% StDev = 1.27 abs%
Sep2006
41LS, Feb 2009
ProductionMeasurementTeam
Field Qualification Program, K-Lab
- Cumulative Deviation Plot
MPM Multiphase Flowmeter
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% 14% 16% 18% 20%
Deviation (%)
Cumulative
(% of test points)
Liquid
Gas
Watercut
Average = -0.43 StDev = 4.96
Used liquid testpoints = 39
Average = 1.24 % StD ev = 1 .94 %
Used gas testpoints = 46
Used watercuttestpoints= 39
Average = -0.52 abs% StDev = 2.20 abs%
Nov2006
42LS, Feb 2009
ProductionMeasurementTeam
Field Qualification Program, Gullfaks A, Statoil
- Cumulative Deviation Plot
MPM Multiphase Flowmeter
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% 14% 16% 18% 20%
Deviation (%)
Cumulative
(% of test points)
Liquid
Gas
Watercut
Average = 2.74 % StDev = 3.40
Used liquid testpoints = 10
Average = -0.33 StDev = 3.12 %
Used gas testpoints = 10
Used watercuttestpoints = 10
Average = 1.12 abs% StDev = 2.07 abs%
Jan2007
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8/12/2019 Lex Scheers - Shell Global Solutions
8/8
MultiPhase Flow MeteringMultiPhase Flow Meteringon its way from nursing to mature technologyon its way from nursing to mature technology
Lex Scheers, 19-11-2009E-mail : [email protected] 8
43LS, Feb 2009
ProductionMeasurementTeam
1. Introduction2. Stripping the Facilities
3. Multiphase Flow Metering
4. Performance Maps
5. MPM Technology
6. Conclusions
44LS, Feb 2009
ProductionMeasurementTeam
Multiphase Flow Metering (MPFM) is on its way from nursing to
mature technology, however proper attention is required in the
implementation and operational phases.
MPFM and WGM issues that require further attention Limited number of manufacturers Use of radioactive sources WGM for 2 or 3 phases (liq/gas or water/oil/gas High GVF and high watercut performance Close the gap between MPFM and WGM Pricing (accuracy vs CAPEX/OPEX) Specification and performance formats Standardisation / Guidelines Improved accuracy (for fiscal and sales allocation service) Testloop and Field verification procedures
Conclusions
- MultiPhase and Wet Gas Flow Metering