Download - Libel Outline
TITLE XIII - CRIMES AGAINST HONOR
I. LIBEL
A. Nature
1. Civil
2. Criminal
3. Constitutional
U.S. vs. Bustos 37 Phil. 731
B. Elements - Art. 353
1. Publicity
2. Malice
3. Defamatory imputation
4. Identity of offended person
Newsweek vs. Intermediate Appellate Court 142 SCRA 171
C. Defenses
1. Privileged communication
a. Absolute privilege
b. Qualified privilege - Art. 354, pars. (1) and (2)
Mercado vs. CFI, Rizal 116 SCRA 93Santos vs. CA 203 SCRA 110Sazon vs. CA 255 SCRA 692
2. Truth
a. Imputation of a crime, if made in good motives and with justifiable ends - Art. 361, par. 1
b. Imputation not of a crime, if made against a Government employee and related to the discharge of his duties - Art. 361, par. 2
D. Rebuttal - Art. 362
1. Actual malice
2. Constructive malice
New York Times vs. Sullivan 376 U.S. 254
E. Offenses and Penalties
1. Libel in writing, etc. - Art. 355
2. Threatening to publish, and offer to prevent publication - Art. 356
3. Prohibited publication of acts referred to in official proceedings - Art. 357
4. Grave Slander - Art. 358
5. Simple Slander - Art. 358
Victorio vs. CA 173 SCRA 645
6. Slander by Deed - Art. 359
F. Procedural rules
1. Persons responsible
2. Jurisdiction and venue
Soriano vs. Intermediate Appellate Court 167 SCRA 222
3. Imputation of a private offense
II. INCRIMINATORY MACHINATIONS
A. Incriminating innocent persons - Art. 363
People vs. Alagao 16 SCRA 879
B. Intriguing against honor - Art. 364
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