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Licensing Requirements for vaccines: US perspective
Larry R. Ludemann, M.S., D.V.M. Center for Veterinary Biologics
1920 Dayton Avenue Ames, Iowa USA 50010
Email: [email protected]
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
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CVB Mission The Veterinary Biologics Program implements the provisions of the Virus-Serum-Toxin Act to ensure the veterinary biologics available for the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of animal diseases are pure, safe, potent, and effective.
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Primary Missions (linked to VSTA)
Licensing/Permitting Veterinary Biological Products
Evaluating product dossiers
Evaluating (testing) products and product critical components
Program documentation (notices, memorandum, regulations, licensing considerations)
Facility inspections
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Product Types
Vaccine Bacterin and Bacterial Extract Toxoid Bacterin-Toxoid Antitoxin Antiserum and Antibody Diagnostic Test Kits Immunomodulator and Immunostimulant Allergenic Extracts
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Testing Activities Confirmatory and Investigatory Testing (pre- and post-
license) Seeds and cells Final Product (check and surveillance)
Test development and standardization Reference/reagent production and distribution Technical harmonization Quality Assurance Training and scientific advice
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Confirmatory and Investigative Testing Pre-license Seeds Cells First Serials
Post-license Random selection of samples prior to release Problem, surveillance, stability, dating extension,
reprocess First serials after change Investigation of field reports
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Confirmatory and Investigative Testing Efficacy (Pre-license) Host Vaccination-Challenge Minimum antigenic dose, highest
passage Route, Age, etc. Duration of Immunity
Field performance (Post-license)
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Confirmatory and Investigative Testing Potency - correlated to Efficacy Live Enumeration
Killed Vaccination-challenge/Vaccination-
serology Host Animal Laboratory Animal
In Vitro Validated with in vivo testing
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Confirmatory and Investigative Testing Safety Pre-license Controlled animal studies Backpassage
Field trials Post-license Laboratory animals Target animals
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Licensing Exemptions Official USDA Program, emergency disease situation,
or USDA experimental use Veterinarian-client-patient relationship Animal owners Products under State license Currently, no active state programs
FDA Export Reform and Enhancement Act of 1996 No U.S. Establishment # on the label Not approved for distribution in the U.S. Claims not allowed in the U.S.
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Types of Product Licenses Standard Autogenous Conventional Breakout or fall-out
Genetic modified
Conditional
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Autogenous Product Requirements: Outline of Production If killed viral Autogenous Vaccine CVB confirmatory testing and approval of
Master Cell Stock (MCS) Labels
Risks: Unknown efficacy Unknown potency Minimal safety
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Conventional Products Requirements (VS Memorandum 800.50): Outline of Production CVB confirmatory testing Master Seed(s) If modified-live: reversion-to-virulence and
shed-spread studies If viral vaccine CVB confirmatory testing of MCS
Efficacy studies Establish minimum dose Duration of immunity studies Immunological interference studies Studies in maternal antibody-positive
animals
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Conventional Products Requirements (continued): Safety studies Field Safety If Killed vaccine: Inactivation kinetics
establishment of slaughter withholding period for adjuvant
Potency test validation data Reference qualification & stability monitoring Sensitivity/specificity
CVB confirmatory testing prelicense batches Labels
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Conventional Products Risks: Minimal
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Breakout of Conventional Products Requirements: Combination products may be blended into
smaller fraction products following same manufacturing procedures and release criteria
Outline of Production Labels
Risks: Safety-excess antigen concentrations
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Genetic Modified Products Same requirements as conventional products plus: Summary Information Formats (SIF). For Master
Seeds produced by recombinant DNA technology, additional safety and identity data Publication of an environmental release risk
assessment before conducting Field Safety CVB confirmation of recombinant seed
Risks:
Safety-Recombination of Live Vectored products
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Conditional Licensed Products Requirements: All are mono-fraction majority Killed Products Outline of Production CVB confirmatory testing Master Seed(s) If viral vaccine CVB confirmatory testing of MCS
Reasonable expectation of efficacy study Serology Small host animal vaccination/challenge
Safety studies Field Safety Inactivation kinetics establishment of slaughter withholding period
for adjuvant Labels
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Conditional Licensed Products Risks: Unknown efficacy Potency not correlated to efficacy
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