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Life in Mesopotamia
8 September 2010
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City-State of Ur Located on the banks of the Euphrates
River
Thriving metropolis around 3,000 BCE
Agricultural city-state with a sophisticated irrigation system
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City LifeLiving Quarters
Average Citizen
Small, windowless, one-story, boxlike houses, tightly packed together
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City LifeLiving Quarters
Wealthy Citizens
Two-story houses with inner-courtyards
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Thriving Trade Took place at the bazaar or market Money has not been invented
Use of bartering
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Center of City LifeZiggurat (Mountain of God)
Tallest and most important building Like a city within a city
Surrounded by a wall
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Center of Life (cont’d)Ziggurat
Exterior Flight of stairs leading to top
Peak Rituals conducted to city god
Served as a storage area for goods
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City-StatesCity and Surrounding area
functioning as independent political unit
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City-StatesCommon culture; but different
Each had its own government and rulers
Much like a country today EX. Uruk, Kish, Lagash, Umma, Ur
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Power in the City-StateEarly gov’t controlled by
priests Because of farmers beliefs Managed irrigation systems
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Shift in PowerDuring times of war, priests
turned power over to a “tough fighter” – leader of the army
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Shift in PowerBecause of frequency,
commanders given permanent control
Led to the establishment of dynasties
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Cultural DiffusionProcess of a new idea or
product spreading from one culture to another
How do ideas spread in today’s society?
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ReligionPolytheistic (3000 gods)Did many of the things human
didAnimal sacrifices performed to
please gods
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Religion (cont’d)Afterlife
“Land of no return” Dismal and gloomy Located between earth’s crust and ancient sea
Dust is their fare and clay their food
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SocietySocial Classes
Priests and Kings Wealthy merchants Common folk Slaves
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Society (cont’d)Women
Able to pursue most occupation Own property Join lower ranks of priesthood Unable to attend schools where
reading and writing were taught
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TechnologyWheel, sail, plowFirst system of writingFirst mapDeveloped a number system
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First EmpiresSargon of Akkad
2350 BCE conquers SumeriaUnited northern and southern
Mesopotamia creating the first empire
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Empires (cont’d)Hammurabi
Babylonian Hammurabi’s Code
Single, uniform code Engraved into stone and placed throughout the empire
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Empires (cont’d)Hammurabi
Hammurabi’s Code (cont’d) Reinforced the principle that the government had a responsibility for what occurred in society