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OTEC
October 25-26, 2016
Light Weight
Cantilever
Sidewalk Using
Prefabricated
FRP Structures
Scott Reeve
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Examples and Design Study
• Demand and Design
• FRP Benefits
• FRP Deck Details
• The First: Tower Bridge, Sacramento
• Niagara, NY Example
– Design Details
– Weight
– Cost
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Local Objectives across the Nation:
More Pedestrian and Bicycle paths
• Nationwide initiatives to increase bicycle
lanes and pedestrian paths
• Bridges are constrictions
• Squeezing lanes or sidewalks on
existing vehicle bridges is difficult and
unsafe
• Erecting new bridges is costly
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Share the Road: Cantilever Sidewalk
• Elegant solution is
to cantilever a light
weight pedestrian
bridge off the
vehicle bridge
• Fiber Reinforced
Polymer (FRP)
composites are an
enabling material
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FRP Composite Benefits
• Light Weight – Decking weights are 4 to 12 psf
– Only 20% of reinforced concrete panels
• Prefabricated Bridge Elements– Accelerated construction
– Incorporate features in shop fabrication
– Higher quality parts
– Lower installation cost
• Corrosion Resistance to chemicals and water – No Maintenance
– Lower Life Cycle Cost
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Typical FRP Construction
Fiberglass Fabric Core Material Resin
Strong, stiff fibers
surrounded by
Tough, environmentally
resistant, polymers
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Fiberglass
fabrics wrap
around edges
Fiberglass
shear webs
Facesheet laminate
Closed cell foam
FRP Sandwich Construction
• Consists of fiberglass facing skins on fiberglass webs in foam core
• Design flexibility (stiffness, strength, size)
• Embedded steel for concentrated loads and attachments
Facesheet Laminate
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Functional
Features
Drainage scupper
with gratingCurbs
Expansion joint cover plate
and curb cover
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Sidewalk Features
• Crown or Cross slope
• Embedded steel for connections (rail post, clip)
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Sidewalk Features
• Expansion joint at span ends
• Drainage scuppers
• Seal for panel-to-panel joints
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Non-Slip Wear Surface
• Quartz aggregate in polymer
• High elongation (toughness); great adhesion to FRP
• Thickness of 1/8 to ¼ inch
• High traffic
• Many standard colors; UV stable
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Deck Connection: Clips
• Mechanical connection
• Clips to capture any type of beam
• Provides vertical constraint; allows for
longitudinal thermal expansion
• Bolted into embedded steel that is
drilled and tapped
• Provides vertical constraint; allows for
longitudinal thermal expansion
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The First: Tower Lift Bridge, Sacramento
• Original 3’ concrete sidewalk too
narrow to support current and
future bicycle and pedestrian
traffic
• Long-term growth of both
riverfronts depend on safe and
easy access
• Weight limitations for center lift
span would not allow for desired
10’ concrete sidewalk width
• Solution is FRP decking on steel
framing
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FRP Panels, Steel Frame
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Installation
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Lift Span in Motion
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Wilson Burt Bridge, Niagara, NY
• Bridge length of 441 feet
• Extend sidewalk width to 6’ -4”
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Design Requirements
• Loads
– Live load of 85 psf
– Deflection limits of L/500 between supports
– Uplift load of 30 psf
– Temperature differential of 100ºF
• Geometry
– Floor beam spacing of 10’ – 10”
– Cross slope of 1.76%
– Rail posts
– Expansion plates at bridge ends
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Design Summary
• Deck sizing is driven by deflection criteria
– Relatively low material modulus
– Can adjust depth; facesheet thickness; and
facesheet modulus
– Slopes from 5” to 6 3/8”
• High strength safety factors
– Bending SF>20
– Shear SF=14
• Uplift load determines number of clips
• High natural frequency (22 Hz)
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Deck Details
Expansion Joint Step Down
Cross Sloped Panels
Cross Section
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Start of Sidewalk Installation
Existing W18x50
New W8x40
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Fast Installation
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Clip Connection to Floor Beam
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Cantilever Bridge Weight
• Sidewalk Width 6.375 ft
• FRP Deck Weight 7.9 psf
• FRP Deck Weight 50.4 lb/ft
• Railing Weight 54.0 lb/ft
• Steel Weight 54.0 lb/ft
• Total Dead Load 158 lb/ft
• For 440 ft length,
– Dead Load 69,680 lb
– Live + Dead Load 275,380 lb
• Concrete deck on steel pan and supports would
have added 180,000 lb more dead load
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Cantilever Sidewalk Costs
• Deck $ 274 /ft
• Railing $ 189 /ft
• Beams and Install $ 270 /ft
(Steel, hardware, installation)
• Total Installed Cost $ 733 /ft
or $ 114 /sf
• Total for Wilson-Burt Sidewalk is $322,575.
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Questions and Thank You
• Contact:
– Scott Reeve, Composite Advantage
– Phone 937-723-9031
• FRP bridge products are manufactured in Dayton, Ohio using domestic source materials
• Installation photos and videos– www.compositeadvantage.com
– www.youtube.com/CompositeAdvantage