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Linde Kryotechnik AG. Effects of oil contamination on cryogenic plants.
Ionic Liquids.
Andreas Rüegge
Coventry, 6th September 2017
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Contents
1. Company Profile
2. Oil contamination in cryogenic systems / causes and effects
3. Ionic Liquids
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Linde Kryotechnik AG.
The Company.
Brief introduction
— Independent company and center of
excellence within The Linde Group for low
temperature cryogenic equipment (helium
and hydrogen liquefaction & refrigeration
plants with auxiliaries)
— Established in 1992 to combine the
activities of Sulzer and Linde in the field of
cryogenics
— Linde Kryotechnik AG is a member of the
Engineering Division of the Linde Group
situated in Munich
— Average annual turnover of 50 Mio. CHF
(50Mio. USD / 46 Mio. €)
— Approx. 90 specialized employees
— 20 min from Airport Zürich
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Machinery for Cryogenic Applications
Turbine Bearing Technology
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Turbine
Turbine
Turbine
To Compressor
Oil Bearing
Static
Gas Bearing
Dynamic
Gas Bearing
To Compressor
Oil
Sealing Gas
Bearing Gas
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Helium Applications.
The Liquefaction Process.
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Compressor
Oil Removal System
Gas Management
Panel
Nitrogen Precooling
Expansion Turbines
Vacuum System
for Coldbox
Purifier
Liquid Helium
Dewar
Vacu
um
In
sula
ted
Tra
nsf
er
Lin
e
Joule-Thomson Valve
Heat Exchangers
COMPRESSION SYSTEM LIQUEFIER COLDBOX
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Machinery for Cryogenic Applications.
Recycle Compressors.
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Small & Medium Plants
Standard Oil Flooded Screw Compressor
Large Plants
Dedicated Oil Flooded Screw Compressor
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Oil Removal System.
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Basic oil contamination.
An oil lubricated screw compressor with 70 g/s compressor mass flow, operating 10 years
continuously with 10 ppb(w) after oil removal system pushes ~220 grams of oil inside the
coldbox.
70 g/s
10 ppb(w)
10 years
~220 grams of oil
~6% loss of heat
transfer-performance
Other oil sources:
Turbine oil bearings
High pressure
recovery compressor
Backflow of vacuum
pumps
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Further oil contamination causes.
Bypassed, missed or ignored maintenance intervals:
Replacement of coalescer cartridges
Replacement of activated charcoal
Incorrect mechanical service work for:
Compressor (bulk oil separator, other service components)
Coalescer cartridges (bypass flow, missing gaskets)
Condensate drain (service kit, missing gaskets, control)
Oil adsorber (incorrect filling quantity, loose fill)
High compressor discharge temperature (viscosity)
Low compressor discharge, P< 9bara:
Adsorber retention time too short
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Oil contamination effects.
Performance losses:
Heat exchanger surface gets coated by oil and
loses heat transfer capacity, heat transfer of
HP and LP gets misbalanced
Damaged Turbines:
Frozen oil vapor blocks turbine wheel →
mechanical damages (broken blades)
Bearings (axial & radial) get contaminated by oil
through bearing or process gas → turbine
operation properties change (start up delay)
Defect 80/ 20K adsorber:
Activated charcoal adsorbs oil → Nitrogen/
Hydrogen/ Neon adsorption capacity reduces
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Oil contamination detection.
Unexplainable performance losses
Changed plant behavior, especially:
sequence of turbine start up, operating
temperatures of first heat exchanger
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Pyrolyzer / MCD measurement
Visual detection by checking of:
Oil adsorber outlet
Inner process components: valve seats,
turbines, filters, buffer vessels,
instrument tubes and other
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Oil contamination repair.
Heat exchanger washed with cleaning solvent:
Cleaning procedure is carried out with electrical grounded,
air driven membrane pump
Typically two cleaning cycles (each 4-8 hours) with
acetone are sufficient
Heat exchangers have to be dried with hot nitrogen for
several days afterwards
Re-welding of purging ports, reinstallation of temperature
sensors, installation of super insulation
Pressure and leak test
After coldbox is reassembled and transported to final position,
additional pump and purge thru LN2 cold trap is recommended
Warm piping: compressor discharge, GMP, coldbox interfaces
(bearing gas, warm up line) and buffer vessels should be
check and cleaned also
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Coldbox oil cleaning.
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Safe way to avoid oil carry over?
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Use of ionic liquids in recycle gas compression.
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Ionic liquids (IL) are «liquid salts»:
— negligible vapor pressure
— temperature resistant
— ecologically friendly
— non-toxic
— no degradation
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Key physical properties of ionic liquids.
Tests proved that ionic liquids can be used for helium
recycle gas compression with:
— Similar temperature profiles in the compressor
— No impact on compressor efficiency
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Ionic Liquids Oil (HCF 12)
Viscosity @ 40°C mm2/s 38.4 43.2
Viscosity @ 100°C mm2/s 7.4 7.4
Density kg/m3 1’313 841
Heat capacity @ 40°C J/kg/K 1’772 2’553
Heat capacity @ 100°C J/kg/K 1’998 2’778
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Advantages of ionic liquids.
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The negligible vapor pressure of Ionic Liquids allows to remove the
adsorber and at least one coalescer of the «Oil Removal System».
— Higher overall efficiency due to higher inlet pressure at coldbox
→ higher liquefaction or refrigeration rate at constant power consumption
— No risk of liquid or vapor carry-over into the coldbox
— Reduced space requirements
— Reduced risk of leakage at ORS
— Reduced overall costs
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Systems in operation or planned.
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TUD Dresden, commissioned in 2015
University of Basel, commissioned in 2016
ETH Zurich, beeing commissioned in2018
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Thank you for your attention.
www.linde-kryotechnik.ch