Download - Loberiano, M. RORO Port Comparative Research
Project Cost: Passenger Terminal Building in Port of Benit and Port of Sebaste 1
Far Eastern University
Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts
Nicanor Reyes St., Sampaloc, Manila
PROJECT COST ESTIMATE: COMPARATIVE RESEARCH OF RORO PORT
PASSENGER TERMINAL BUILDING
A Statistical Method of Research Comparing Port of Benit and Port of Sebaste
A Research Presented to
Arch. Arnulfo Dado
Far Eastern University – Manila
In Partial Fulfilment
of the Requirements for
PROPRAC 451
by
LOBERIANO, MICAH GERALDINE B.
AR0851
July 19, 2012
Project Cost: Passenger Terminal Building in Port of Benit and Port of Sebaste 2
I. ABSTRACT
Given that port development plays an important role to the progress of a particular region
and state, the Medium Term Development Plan (MTDP) of the Philippines (2004-2010)
takes into consideration the demand for transportation in the archipelagic nature of the
Philippines is significant. According to MPDC (2004), the development of Roll-On Roll-Off
ports answer the need for transportation to a fast and cheap connectivity of regions in Luzon,
Visayas, and Mindanao in transporting people, shipping cargo and goods. As Port of Sebaste
represents Western Philippines, Port of Benit for Eastern Philippines, and BALWARTECO
RORO Port represents my thesis study, the purpose of the study is to determine the range of
estimated project cost of the passenger terminal building of the three given ports. Also, the
study aim to identify the influential changes between the project cost in terms of the total lot
area, price per square meter cost and the terminal building capacity. All in all, the major
concern of the study is to understand how project cost estimate of the three passenger
terminal building varies to each other as a reference to future developments relating the
subject matter of project costing and estimate.
Keywords: project estimated cost, passenger terminal building, transportation, Roll-on Roll-
off Port
II. RESEARCH DURATION
From: June 2012
To: July 2012
Project Cost: Passenger Terminal Building in Port of Benit and Port of Sebaste 3
III. RESEARCH TITLE
Project Cost Estimate: Comparative Research of RORO Port Passenger Terminal Building in
Port of Sebaste, Port of Benit and BALWARTECO Port of Allen
IV. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Sea ports serve as vital infrastructure facilities that bridge the gap between production
and consumption centers, provide access to markets and social services. In the country today,
water transport is always in demand since it is one of the cheapest means of transporting
passenger and goods to and from different islands. Philippine Ports Authority (2009) stated
that an improved and adequate port facilities and services to spur trade and commerce, open
up new economic opportunities, reduce inter-island socio-economic gaps, promote stronger
inter-regional linkages and increased access to social services.
Project Cost Estimate is an approximate calculation on how much will a particular project
will likely to cost. It is necessary that a project has a reliable estimate for a responsible
financial management and a well capital outlay cost for a proper investment of a precise
development. Regarding Project Cost Estimate of a sea port development MTPDP (2009), a
new and improved approach of transport is introduced under the term of Pres. Gloria
Macapagal Arroyo with partnership with private sector as part of her program in Greater
Island Transport, Mobility and Accessibility, known as the Roll-On Roll-Off Terminal
System as project investments. This deals with the accommodation of passengers and
vehicles both as cargo. Philippine Ports Authorities (2009) also necessitates that the sum of
project cost in developing RORO port terminal will always vary to the time and date of
development, the scope and area of the project, price of the land and to the project capacity.
Project Cost: Passenger Terminal Building in Port of Benit and Port of Sebaste 4
Under Philippine Ports Authority (2010), the scope of the comparative research will be
based on the given official Project Cost of the three cases, the Port of Sebaste in Western
Visayas and the Port of Benit in Eastern Visayas both as public port and BALWARTECO
Port of Allen as private port. Both cases contain bill of quantities that determine the major
items of work. Respectively, the research will only take into consideration the development
of the RORO Passenger Terminal Building.
The research aims to understand the changes and differences in Project Costing in RORO
Passenger Terminal Building development and to identify the influential changes between
the project cost in terms of the total lot area, price per square meter cost and the terminal
building capacity.
The result of the study will be beneficial for concerned planning authority as a reference
of possible Port Passenger Terminal Building development in project costing and estimate.
Recommendations will also be beneficial for planning agencies working in other city and
dealing with costing and estimate issues related to the type of project development.
The research will also be useful to students taking Bachelor of Science in Architecture as
their reference and basis for the requirements and needs in Port Passenger Terminal Building
project costing and estimation.
V. PROFILE OF PORT COST ESTIMATES
All data and figures are based on Philippine Ports Authority (2009) Formulation of
Master Plans and Conduct of Feasibility Studies for Selected Ports in the Port District of
Visayas Phase II. This includes the following:
a. PORT OF SEBASTE - ANTIQUE
Project Cost: Passenger Terminal Building in Port of Benit and Port of Sebaste 5
Cost Estimates
The bill of quantities stated herein was determined based on major items of work
except for the buildings where it was based on its floor area. For utilities and other
ancillaries are priced on a lump sum basis.
The unit cost reflected herein is inclusive of materials, labor, equipment and other
materials required to finish the work and mark-ups as profit, overheads, contingencies
and taxes.
The Project Cost consists of the Physical cost of the development and contingency
costs and the cost of Engineering Supervision Fee.
Passenger Terminal Building Capacity = 100 pax
Source: Philippine Ports Authority Feasibility Study 2009
Item Item of Work Amount (in Php)
No.
1 GENERAL EXPENSES 852,327.86
2 MARINE WORKS 9,738,750.00
3 MARINE STRUCTURES 1,740,000.00
4 ROCK WORKS 17,518,000.00
5 SUPPORT FACILITIES 13,619,642.75
PROJECT COST, SUM OF a.) to d.) 43,468,720.61
Item Particulars Amount (in Php)
No.
a.) Construction Cost 43,468,720.61
b.) Engineering Fee, 5% of a 2,173,436.03
c.) Physical Contingencies, 10% of a 4,346,872.06
d.) Price Contingencies, 10% of a 4,346,872.06
PROJECT COST, SUM OF a.) to d.) 54,335,900.76
5 SUPPORT FACILITIES
5.1 Buildings
5.1.1 Passenger Terminal Building Sq. M. 120 25,000.00 3,000,000.00
5.1.4 Transit Shed Sq. M. 330 15,000.00 4,950,000.00
5.1.6 Guard House Units 1 6,750.00 6,750.00
Sub-Total of Item 5.1 7,956,750.00
Project Cost: Passenger Terminal Building in Port of Benit and Port of Sebaste 6
The Construction Schedule
The construction work is to be completed in Three Hundred Sixty (360) Calendar
days. Construction activities shall be arranged and finalized during detailed
engineering stage.
b. PORT OF BENIT – SOUTHERN LEYTE
The bill of quantities stated herein was determined based on major items of work
except for the buildings where it was based on its floor area. For utilities and other
ancillaries are priced on a lump sum basis.
The unit cost reflected herein is inclusive of materials, labor, equipment and other
materials required to finish the work and mark-ups as profit, overheads, contingencies
and taxes.
The Project Cost consists of the Physical cost of the development and contingency
costs and the cost of Engineering Supervision Fee.
Item Item of Work Amount (in Php)
No.
1 GENERAL EXPENSES 1,600,000.00
2 MARINE WORKS 17,372,167.00
3 MARINE STRUCTURES 13,207,530.00
4 ROCK WORKS 3,236,525.00
5 SUPPORT FACILITIES 5,009,385.00
PROJECT COST, SUM OF a.) to d.) 40,325,607.00
Item Particulars Amount (in Php)
No.
a.) Construction Cost 40,325,607.00
b.) Engineering Fee, 5% of a 2,016,280.35
c.) Physical Contingecies, 10% of a 4,032,560.70
d.) Price Contingencies, 10% of a 4,032,560.70
PROJECT COST, SUM OF a.) to d.) 50,407,008.75
Project Cost: Passenger Terminal Building in Port of Benit and Port of Sebaste 7
5 SUPPORT FACILITIES
5.1 Buildings
5.1.1 Passenger Terminal Building Sq. M. 200 9,850.00 1,970,000.00
5.1.4 Guard House Sq. M. 2.25 2,900.00 6,525.00
Sub-Total of Item 5.1 1,976,525.00
Passenger Terminal Building Capacity = 180 pax Source: Philippine Ports Authority Feasibility Study 2004
The Construction Schedule
The construction work is scheduled to be completed in Three Hundred (300)
Calendar days. Construction activities shall be arranged and finalized during detailed
engineering stage.
c. PORT OF BALWARTECO – ALLEN NORTHERN SAMAR
Under the financial aspect of port development in Allen, Northern Samar it should
be noted that it’s ideal to established a ferry terminal thru a well balance cost
estimate of BALWARTECO or Balicuatro Warfage and Terminal Corporation
that make the Allen as the direct linkage of Daan Maharlika. This takes into
consideration the demand of satisfactory service the increasing volume of
vehicular traffic.
Item of Work Amount (in Php)
COST OF LOT 15,000,000.00
BUILDING CONSTRUCTION 18,760,000.00
LAND DEVELOPMENT 2,902,000.00
SUPPORT FACILITIES 518,400.00
PROFESSIONAL FEES 19,762,297.00
PROJECT COST, SUM OF a.) to d.) 56,942,697.00
Project Cost: Passenger Terminal Building in Port of Benit and Port of Sebaste 8
5 BUILDING COST
5.1 Buildings
5.1.1 Passenger Terminal Building Sq. M. 480 10,000.00 4,800,000.00
5.1.4 Warehouse Building Sq. M. 1,000 8,000.00 8,000,000.00
Sub-Total of Item 5.1 12,800,000.00
Passenger Terminal Building Capacity = 385 pax Source: BALWARTECO Balicuatro Warfage and Terminal Corporation 2011
The Construction Schedule
The construction work is scheduled to be completed in Four Hundred Five (405)
Calendar days. Construction activities shall be arranged and finalized during detailed
engineering stage.
VI. PROJECT COST ESTIMATE COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
Cost estimate of a building or a project are definitely affected by different factors in the
construction planning. Indeed these factors determine the rate of rise and drop of pricing and
costing that affects the budget allotted for the development and the kind of development ahead.
The methods for the comparative research are illustrated to the following tabulation and graphs.
COMPARISON USING AREA METHOD AND UNIT-USER METHOD (BUILDING
CAPACITY)
LOCATION METHOD OF COMPARISON
AREA METHOD BLDG. CAPACITY
GFA PRICE/SQ. M. TOTAL
SQ. M. (Php) (Php) (PAX)
NORTHERN SAMAR 480 10,000.00 4,800,000.00 385
SOUTHERN LEYTE 200 9,850.00 1,970,000.00 180
ANTIQUE 120 25,000.00 3,000,000.00 100
TOTAL 800 44,850.00 9,770,000.00 665
AVERAGE MEAN 266.67 14,950.00 3,256,666.67 221.67
Project Cost: Passenger Terminal Building in Port of Benit and Port of Sebaste 9
CASES LOCATION METHOD OF COMPARISON
DATE OF CONSTRUCTION TOTAL
DEVELOPMENT SCHEDULE COST
( YEAR ) ( NO. OF DAYS ) (Php)
PORT OF ALLEN NORTHERN SAMAR 1997 405 4,800,00.00
PORT OF BENIT SOUTHERN LEYTE 2004 300 1,970,000.00
PORT OF SEBASTE ANTIQUE 2009 360 3,000,000.00
Considering the three cases, the result of the comparison shows that the Gross Floor Area
for development influences the range of cost to the total cost of the development. Also, as the
GFA influences the scope of possible project total cost, the given location dictates the price per
square meter. This given prices varies directly to the allotted zoning value of the land. Even the
three cases is interrelated type of development, the zoning plan for each location will not be the
same as the other.
The building capacity is derive from the user statistic of PPA and BALWARTECO. The
capacity affects the area that had been developed. Allen has the highest building capacity
therefore it also has the highest GFA for development. Even though the location has 10,000Php
cost of the land, Allen has the highest project total cost for it has the highest scope of GFA. On
the other hand, even though Sebaste has the highest cost per square meter of 25,000Php it has the
lowest project total cost. I therefore determine that the building capacity under the user-unit
method plays has the primary role in dictating the Gross Floor Area of development, the price
per square meter is secondary although it is dictated by the zoning cost and value depending on
the location.
Project Cost: Passenger Terminal Building in Port of Benit and Port of Sebaste 10
GRAPHICAL INTERPRETATION:
To illustrate the relationship of the bldg. capacity, GFA and the price per square meter of
the land, the researcher used median and arithmetic mean of descriptive statistics. Given the
computed data above, the median of the cases is approximately around 2,500,000Php for total
cost, 15,000Php per square meters, and 200 number of passenger for the capacity. This shows
that the two developments, Sebaste and Allen are averagely above the median of cost
development while Benit is below the average cost. The graph also shows that the higher number
of building capacity per passenger the higher mark-up will be on the total cost of the project.
Regarding the use of Arithmetic Mean of the three RORO Port, the central tendency of cost
Project Cost: Passenger Terminal Building in Port of Benit and Port of Sebaste 11
estimation of the cases is 266.67 for GFA, 14,950 for cost per square meter, 3,256,666.67 for
total project cost, and 221.67 for terminal capacity per pax. Thus, the graph shows the massive
effect of user capacity of the building in estimating the GFA resulting to the estimated cost of
construction.
VII. CONCLUSION
All in all, the result of the research comparison articulates that in estimating a public
access zone such as sea port terminal, Unit-of-Use Method (Order of Magnitude Estimate or
User Unit Method) is much applicable than Area Method in getting the possible total estimate
cost of the project. Because primarily, the test tells that the number of user or the building
capacity dictates the overall area for sea port terminal. Getting the estimated cost using Area
Method is a secondary but still an important consideration dealing with project cost estimation.
Thus, the building capacity varies directly in determining the Gross Floor Area of development
and this also varies directly to the price per square meter of the land/location. And these three
factors are directly proportional to the value of the total estimated project cost. Capacity to GFA,
GFA to the cost of site and is equal to the total probable project estimated construction cost.
VIII. REFERENCES
AllenSamarAbout (2011). Characteristic of the province. Retrieved, June 15, 2012, from
www.allensamar.lhosting.onfo/allen.html.
BALWARTECO ( 2010 ). Statistic and estimated project cost. Philippines: Allen Northern Samar
Project Cost: Passenger Terminal Building in Port of Benit and Port of Sebaste 12
Eduardo, R. (1992). The northern samar integrated rural development project: a study in rural
development administration. University of the Philippines.
Historical Data for the Province of Samar (1950). National Library. Philippines: Manila
Municipality of Samar (2010). Economic, natural resources, infrastructure, and social services.
Retrieved, June 22, 2012, from http://samar.lgu-ph.com/directory.html
National Economic Development Authority ( 2010 ). Medium term development plan from 2004
to 2010. Philipppines : Tacloban
Philippine Ports Authority ( 2004 ). Port of benit final report. Consultancy services for the
formulation of mater plans and conduct of feasibility studies for pmo-tacloban and pmo-
tagbilaran in the port district of visayas package I. Philippine: South Harbor Port Area
Manila
Philippine Ports Authority ( 2009 ). Port of sebaste final report. Consultancy services for the
formulation of mater plans and conduct of feasibility studies for selected ports in the port
district of visayas phase II. Philippine: South Harbor Port Area Manila
Suan, A. ( 1997 ). Balicuatro warfage and terminal corporation history. A study for allen as
linkage for economic growth. Philippine : Northern Samar
Tolentino, M. J. et. al ( 1995). Northern samar and its development needs findings from a quick-
look survey. Institute of Philippine and Culture. Ateneo Manila University. Quezon City