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Page 1: Louisiana Yards and Neighborhoods Landscapes For Wildlife

Louisiana Yards and Neighborhoods

Louisiana Yards and Neighborhoods

Landscapes For WildlifeLandscapes For Wildlife

www.lsuagcenter.com/lyn

Page 2: Louisiana Yards and Neighborhoods Landscapes For Wildlife

Attracting WildlifeAttracting Wildlife

• Food– Fruit-bearing– Nectar plants– Larval Plants

• Cover• Water

– Puddling station– Birdbaths

• Food– Fruit-bearing– Nectar plants– Larval Plants

• Cover• Water

– Puddling station– Birdbaths

• Managing for Wildlife

• Weeds

• Nuisance Animals

• More Information

• Managing for Wildlife

• Weeds

• Nuisance Animals

• More Information

Page 3: Louisiana Yards and Neighborhoods Landscapes For Wildlife

All Animals Need:All Animals Need:

FoodCoverWaterSpace

Animals will only reside or forage in anarea that contains enough of these fouressential elements to maintain daily activities.

FoodCoverWaterSpace

Animals will only reside or forage in anarea that contains enough of these fouressential elements to maintain daily activities.

HabitatHabitat

Page 4: Louisiana Yards and Neighborhoods Landscapes For Wildlife

FoodFood

• Fruit• Seeds• Insects• Nectar• Larval• Meat• Remember to provide food year-round,

especially in winter.

• Fruit• Seeds• Insects• Nectar• Larval• Meat• Remember to provide food year-round,

especially in winter.

Attract a variety of birds, reptiles, bats, butterflies and other insects

Attract a variety of birds, reptiles, bats, butterflies and other insects

Page 5: Louisiana Yards and Neighborhoods Landscapes For Wildlife

Fruit-bearing Plants for Louisiana

Fruit-bearing Plants for Louisiana

Beautyberry Calicarpa americanaBeautyberry Calicarpa americanaMuscadine Vitis spMuscadine Vitis sp

Page 6: Louisiana Yards and Neighborhoods Landscapes For Wildlife

Fruit-bearing plants available at many nurseries or retailersFruit-bearing plants available at many nurseries or retailers

Page 7: Louisiana Yards and Neighborhoods Landscapes For Wildlife

Firethorn Pyracantha spp.Firethorn Pyracantha spp.

Large evergreen shrub

Bears flowers and fruit

Good wildlife food and cover

Full sun to partial shade

Does best in well-drained soil

Large evergreen shrub

Bears flowers and fruit

Good wildlife food and cover

Full sun to partial shade

Does best in well-drained soil

Page 8: Louisiana Yards and Neighborhoods Landscapes For Wildlife

Parsley HawthornCrataegus marshallii Parsley HawthornCrataegus marshallii

• Large shrub

• Flowers in spring

• Fruits in fall

• Very good for attracting birds that eat its fruit and nest in shrub

• Large shrub

• Flowers in spring

• Fruits in fall

• Very good for attracting birds that eat its fruit and nest in shrub

Page 11: Louisiana Yards and Neighborhoods Landscapes For Wildlife

MayhawsCrataegus poaca and Crataegus aestivalis

MayhawsCrataegus poaca and Crataegus aestivalis

• Usually reach 20-30 feet tall at maturity.

• Native to habitats that have low, wet and slightly acid soils.

• Full sun to partial shade.

• Berries ripen from mid-April to mid-May.

• Fruit for human consumption and wildlife.

• Usually reach 20-30 feet tall at maturity.

• Native to habitats that have low, wet and slightly acid soils.

• Full sun to partial shade.

• Berries ripen from mid-April to mid-May.

• Fruit for human consumption and wildlife.

Page 12: Louisiana Yards and Neighborhoods Landscapes For Wildlife

Mulberry Morus rubraMulberry Morus rubra

• Large, native tree ~ 40 ft

• Full sun

• Throughout Louisiana

• Edible fruit in spring

• Brittle bark, messy

• Large, native tree ~ 40 ft

• Full sun

• Throughout Louisiana

• Edible fruit in spring

• Brittle bark, messy

Page 13: Louisiana Yards and Neighborhoods Landscapes For Wildlife

Holly

Ilex spp.

Holly

Ilex spp.• Native and introduced

trees• Sun to partial shade• Range varies• Fruit remains through

winter, attracting birds• Salt-, drought- and shade-

tolerant• Suckers

• Native and introduced trees

• Sun to partial shade• Range varies• Fruit remains through

winter, attracting birds• Salt-, drought- and shade-

tolerant• Suckers

Gallberry Ilex glabraGallberry Ilex glabra

Dahoon Holly

Ilex cassine

Dahoon Holly

Ilex cassine

Page 14: Louisiana Yards and Neighborhoods Landscapes For Wildlife

Paw Paw Asimina triloba Paw Paw Asimina triloba

• Humid growing zones.

• Germinating seedlings need partial shade for 1st or 2nd year.

• Fruiting mature plants need full sun.

• Slightly acidic (ph 5.5-7) well-drained soil.

• Mature – small tree seldom taller than 25 feet.

• Humid growing zones.

• Germinating seedlings need partial shade for 1st or 2nd year.

• Fruiting mature plants need full sun.

• Slightly acidic (ph 5.5-7) well-drained soil.

• Mature – small tree seldom taller than 25 feet.

Page 15: Louisiana Yards and Neighborhoods Landscapes For Wildlife

Good fruit-bearing plants forwildlife not readily available

at retail stores.

Good fruit-bearing plants forwildlife not readily available

at retail stores.

Page 16: Louisiana Yards and Neighborhoods Landscapes For Wildlife

Chickasaw Plum Prunus angustifoliaChickasaw Plum Prunus angustifolia

• Native tree ~10 ft • Full to partial sun • Blooms early spring• Edible fruit • Suckers tend to form

thickets

• Native tree ~10 ft • Full to partial sun • Blooms early spring• Edible fruit • Suckers tend to form

thickets

Page 17: Louisiana Yards and Neighborhoods Landscapes For Wildlife

Elderberry Sambucus canadensis

Elderberry Sambucus canadensis

• Native shrub ~ 15 ft• Full to partial sun• Throughout

Louisiana• Fragrant flowers

year-round• Edible fruit

• Native shrub ~ 15 ft• Full to partial sun• Throughout

Louisiana• Fragrant flowers

year-round• Edible fruit

Page 18: Louisiana Yards and Neighborhoods Landscapes For Wildlife

Nectar Plants for Louisiana

Nectar Plants for Louisiana

Buttonbush Cephalanthus occidentalis

Buttonbush Cephalanthus occidentalis

Cardinal flower

Lobelia cardinalis

Cardinal flower

Lobelia cardinalis

Coneflower Echinacea purpurea

Coneflower Echinacea purpurea

Page 19: Louisiana Yards and Neighborhoods Landscapes For Wildlife

Lantana spp.Lantana spp.• Woody perennial

• Sun or partial shade

• Great for butterflies

• Woody perennial

• Sun or partial shade

• Great for butterflies

Pentas spp.Pentas spp.• Variety of flower colors

• Moderately fertile soil that retains moisture well

• Full sun to shade

• Attracts butterflies and hummingbirds

• Variety of flower colors

• Moderately fertile soil that retains moisture well

• Full sun to shade

• Attracts butterflies and hummingbirds

Page 20: Louisiana Yards and Neighborhoods Landscapes For Wildlife

Golden Dew DropDuranta erectaGolden Dew DropDuranta erecta

• Shrub ~ 14 ft

• Full to partial sun

• Blooms year-round

• Throughout Louisiana

• High drought tolerance

• Attracts butterflies

• Shrub ~ 14 ft

• Full to partial sun

• Blooms year-round

• Throughout Louisiana

• High drought tolerance

• Attracts butterflies

Page 21: Louisiana Yards and Neighborhoods Landscapes For Wildlife

Porterweed Stachytarpheta jamaicensisPorterweed Stachytarpheta jamaicensis

• Native and non-native perennial ~ 4 ft

• Full to partial sun

• Blooms year-round

• Medium salt- and drought-tolerant

• Native and non-native perennial ~ 4 ft

• Full to partial sun

• Blooms year-round

• Medium salt- and drought-tolerant

Red variety is non-nativeRed variety is non-native

Page 22: Louisiana Yards and Neighborhoods Landscapes For Wildlife

Coral HoneysuckleLonicera sempervirensCoral HoneysuckleLonicera sempervirens

• Native vine

• Full to partial sun

• Blooms spring-fall

• Throughout Louisiana

• Attract butterflies and hummingbirds

• Native vine

• Full to partial sun

• Blooms spring-fall

• Throughout Louisiana

• Attract butterflies and hummingbirds

Page 23: Louisiana Yards and Neighborhoods Landscapes For Wildlife

Virginia Willow

Itea virginicaVirginia Willow

Itea virginica

• Native shrub ~ 7 ft

• Full to partial sun

• Blooms spring

• Drought- and flood-tolerant

• Suckers tend to form thickets

• Native shrub ~ 7 ft

• Full to partial sun

• Blooms spring

• Drought- and flood-tolerant

• Suckers tend to form thickets

Page 24: Louisiana Yards and Neighborhoods Landscapes For Wildlife

Larval Plants for Louisiana

Larval Plants for Louisiana

Willow, Salix caroliniana is a larval host of the Viceroy

Willow, Salix caroliniana is a larval host of the Viceroy

Butterfly Matchweed Phyla nodifloraButterfly Matchweed Phyla nodiflora

Adult and larvae of Phaon CrescentPhyciodes phaonAdult and larvae of Phaon CrescentPhyciodes phaon

Page 25: Louisiana Yards and Neighborhoods Landscapes For Wildlife

Red Bay Persia borbonia

Red Bay Persia borbonia

• Native tree ~ 40 ft• Full to partial sun• Throughout Louisiana• Drought- and salt-tolerant• Blooms in spring; attracts

butterflies• Purple fruit attracts birds

• Native tree ~ 40 ft• Full to partial sun• Throughout Louisiana• Drought- and salt-tolerant• Blooms in spring; attracts

butterflies• Purple fruit attracts birds

Bays are larval food for the spicebush swallowtail

Bays are larval food for the spicebush swallowtail

Page 26: Louisiana Yards and Neighborhoods Landscapes For Wildlife

Mexican Milkweed Asclepias spp.Mexican Milkweed Asclepias spp.

• Shrub ~ 4 ft

• Natives available

• Full to partial sun

• Blooms year-round

• Throughout Louisiana

• Drought-tolerant

• Nectar attracts hummingbirds and butterflies

• Shrub ~ 4 ft

• Natives available

• Full to partial sun

• Blooms year-round

• Throughout Louisiana

• Drought-tolerant

• Nectar attracts hummingbirds and butterflies

Larval host of Monarch and Queen

Larval host of Monarch and Queen

Page 27: Louisiana Yards and Neighborhoods Landscapes For Wildlife

Passion Flower Passiflora spp. Passion Flower Passiflora spp.

• Vine• Native varieties available• Full to partial sun• Blooms year-round• Throughout Louisiana

• Vine• Native varieties available• Full to partial sun• Blooms year-round• Throughout Louisiana

Larval host of Gulf Fritillary

Does not sting

Larval host of Gulf Fritillary

Does not sting

Page 28: Louisiana Yards and Neighborhoods Landscapes For Wildlife

Dill Anethum graveolensDill Anethum graveolens

• Plant in cool weather

• Full sun

• Can grow up to 3 ft tall

• Sow seeds close together

• Good plant to attract caterpillars

• Plant in cool weather

• Full sun

• Can grow up to 3 ft tall

• Sow seeds close together

• Good plant to attract caterpillars

Parsley• Full sun or light shade• Transplant plants to 9 inches apart• Must protect in cold weather with coverings

such as straw• Good to attract caterpillars to your garden

Parsley• Full sun or light shade• Transplant plants to 9 inches apart• Must protect in cold weather with coverings

such as straw• Good to attract caterpillars to your garden

Page 29: Louisiana Yards and Neighborhoods Landscapes For Wildlife

CoverCover• Vertical layers • Evergreen species for winter

cover• Standing dead trees or “snags”

if practical• Brush piles if practical

• Vertical layers • Evergreen species for winter

cover• Standing dead trees or “snags”

if practical• Brush piles if practical

Page 30: Louisiana Yards and Neighborhoods Landscapes For Wildlife

WaterWater• Permanent water feature• Sound of running water attracts many

animals

• Permanent water feature• Sound of running water attracts many

animals

Puddling: Butterflies obtain water and

minerals from liquid in pore spaces.

Puddling: Butterflies obtain water and

minerals from liquid in pore spaces.

Puddling stationPuddling station

Page 31: Louisiana Yards and Neighborhoods Landscapes For Wildlife

Design a Puddling StationDesign a Puddling Station

1. Layer sand in saucer.

2. Add layer of compost.

3. Place pebbles on top.

4. Add water slowly (to pebble layer).

5. Place saucer on upside down pot.

1. Layer sand in saucer.

2. Add layer of compost.

3. Place pebbles on top.

4. Add water slowly (to pebble layer).

5. Place saucer on upside down pot.

Page 32: Louisiana Yards and Neighborhoods Landscapes For Wildlife

BirdbathBirdbath• Shallow with mildly

sloping sides• Rough surface• Keep clean• Rinse off any soap

residue

• Shallow with mildly sloping sides

• Rough surface• Keep clean• Rinse off any soap

residue

Audubon Society recommends changing the water and cleaning bird baths weekly to avoid spreading avian diseases.

Audubon Society recommends changing the water and cleaning bird baths weekly to avoid spreading avian diseases.

Page 33: Louisiana Yards and Neighborhoods Landscapes For Wildlife

Managing for WildlifeManaging for Wildlife• Vertical layers of vegetation.• Plant natives if possible.• Introduced plants also useful.• No pesticides!• Plant wild flowers or reduce

mowing in certain areas of your property if possible.

• Manage pets.

• Vertical layers of vegetation.• Plant natives if possible.• Introduced plants also useful.• No pesticides!• Plant wild flowers or reduce

mowing in certain areas of your property if possible.

• Manage pets.

Long-tailed skipper

feeding on Spanish needle.

Long-tailed skipper

feeding on Spanish needle.

Page 34: Louisiana Yards and Neighborhoods Landscapes For Wildlife

Plant Wildflowers for Wildlife Plant Wildflowers for Wildlife Pokeweed Phytolacca americana Pokeweed Phytolacca americana

Horsemint Monarda punctataHorsemint Monarda punctata

Blanket flower Gaillardia pulchellaBlanket flower Gaillardia pulchella

Coreopsis Coreopsis spp.

Coreopsis Coreopsis spp.

Page 35: Louisiana Yards and Neighborhoods Landscapes For Wildlife

Tolerance of Nuisance AnimalsTolerance of Nuisance Animals

Diggers (moles, squirrels, armadillos, tortoises)

Bring nutrient to surface

Loosen & aerate soil

Feed on turf and landscape pests

Trapping and deterrents

Diggers (moles, squirrels, armadillos, tortoises)

Bring nutrient to surface

Loosen & aerate soil

Feed on turf and landscape pests

Trapping and deterrents

Herbivores (deer, rabbits, ducks, squirrels)

Contribute to food web, circle of life

Nets and fencing may protect fruits

Harassment or nest removal for non-natives

Herbivores (deer, rabbits, ducks, squirrels)

Contribute to food web, circle of life

Nets and fencing may protect fruits

Harassment or nest removal for non-natives

Garden molesGarden moles ArmadilloArmadillo Gray squirrelGray squirrel

Page 36: Louisiana Yards and Neighborhoods Landscapes For Wildlife

Venomous Spiders and Disease-carrying Insects to AvoidVenomous Spiders and Disease-carrying Insects to Avoid

Southern Black widow (male and female)

Southern Black widow (male and female)

Brown RecluseBrown Recluse

MosquitoMosquito

TicksTicks

Page 37: Louisiana Yards and Neighborhoods Landscapes For Wildlife

Poisonous SnakesPoisonous SnakesCopperheadCopperhead Canebreak RattlesnakeCanebreak Rattlesnake Coral SnakeCoral Snake

Water MoccasinWater Moccasin Dusky Pygmy RattlesnakeDusky Pygmy Rattlesnake

Page 38: Louisiana Yards and Neighborhoods Landscapes For Wildlife

IF YOU ARE BITTEN BY A SNAKE, SEEK MEDICAL ATTENTION!

IF YOU ARE BITTEN BY A SNAKE, SEEK MEDICAL ATTENTION!

• A snake controls how much venom is injected.

• 50% of all snake bites are dry.• 25% are warning bites with enough

venom to cause pain, swelling, tissue loss and possible limb loss.

• 25% are potentially lethal.

• A snake controls how much venom is injected.

• 50% of all snake bites are dry.• 25% are warning bites with enough

venom to cause pain, swelling, tissue loss and possible limb loss.

• 25% are potentially lethal.

Page 39: Louisiana Yards and Neighborhoods Landscapes For Wildlife

More InformationMore Information

• LSU AgCenter www.lsuagcenter.com• Louisiana Dept of Ag. and Forestry • Louisiana Dept. of Wildlife and Fisheries• United States Fish and Wildlife Service• Local Audubon Society

Page 40: Louisiana Yards and Neighborhoods Landscapes For Wildlife

Further ReadingFurther ReadingTrees for Louisiana Landscapes-A Handbook. LSU AgCenter #1622 (online only).

Gardening for Butterflies in Louisiana. Gary Ross. LDWF.

Louisiana Backyard Wildlife Management. Bill Vermillion. LDWF.

Economy Bat House Plans. Batcon.org.http://www.batcon.org/bhra/economyhouse.html. Backyard Bird Feeding. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.http://library.fws.gov/Bird_Publications/feed.html.

Homes for Birds. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.http://library.fws.gov/Bird_Publications/house.html.

Trees for Louisiana Landscapes-A Handbook. LSU AgCenter #1622 (online only).

Gardening for Butterflies in Louisiana. Gary Ross. LDWF.

Louisiana Backyard Wildlife Management. Bill Vermillion. LDWF.

Economy Bat House Plans. Batcon.org.http://www.batcon.org/bhra/economyhouse.html. Backyard Bird Feeding. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.http://library.fws.gov/Bird_Publications/feed.html.

Homes for Birds. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.http://library.fws.gov/Bird_Publications/house.html.

Page 41: Louisiana Yards and Neighborhoods Landscapes For Wildlife

Acknowledgements Acknowledgements

The LSU AgCenter thanks the Florida StateExtension Service for many materials and several

photos used in this presentation.

The LSU AgCenter thanks the Florida StateExtension Service for many materials and several

photos used in this presentation.

Page 42: Louisiana Yards and Neighborhoods Landscapes For Wildlife

Louisiana Yards and Neighborhoods

Louisiana Yards and Neighborhoods

Landscapes for WildlifeLandscapes for Wildlife

www.lsuagcenter.com/lyn


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