2
LTE Advanced: Evolving & expanding into new frontiers
1
Enables hyper-dense HetNets; Further gains with enhanced receivers
2
Brings carrier aggregation and its evolution – led by Qualcomm Technologies
3
Expands LTE in to new frontiers – device-to-device, Broadcast TV, higher bands & more
4
Extends benefits of LTE to unlicensed spectrum
1000x mobile data challenge enabler
3
LTE Advanced brings different dimensions of improvements
Leverage wider bandwidth Carrier aggregation across multiple carriers, multiple bands, and across licensed and unlicensed spectrum
Higher data rates (bps)
Leverage more antennas
Downlink MIMO up to 8x8, enhanced Multi User MIMO and uplink MIMO up to 4x4
Higher spectral efficiency (bps/Hz)
MIMO
Leverage HetNets With advanced interference management (FeICIC/IC)
Higher spectral efficiency per coverage area (bps/Hz/km2)
Small Cell Range Expansion
F1
Up to
100 MHz
Carrier aggregation
LTE Carrier #1
LTE Carrier #2
LTE Carrier #3
LTE Carrier #4
LTE Carrier #5
4
Carrier Aggregation rapidly expanding and evolving—led
by Qualcomm
Qualcomm Snapdragon is a product of Qualcomm Technologies Inc.
5
Carrier Aggregation—fatter pipe to enhance user experience
1The typical bursty nature of usage, such as web browsing, means that aggregated carriers can support more users at the same response (user experience) compared to two individual carriers, given that the for carriers are partially loaded which is typical
in real networks. The gain depends on the load and can exceed 100% for fewer users (less loaded carrier) but less for many users. For completely loaded carrier, there is limited capacity gain between individal carriers and aggregated carriers,
Higher peak data rates Higher user data rates and lower latencies for all users
More capacity for typical
‘bursty’ usage1
Leverages all spectrum assets
Up to
100 MHz
Aggregated
Data Pipe
LTE Carrier #1
LTE Carrier #2
LTE Carrier #3
LTE Carrier #4
LTE Carrier #5
Up to 20 MHz
Up to 20 MHz
Up to 20 MHz
Up to 20 MHz
Up to 20 MHz
6
Load (Mbps)
Us
er
ex
pe
rie
nc
e
Carrier aggregation increases capacity for typical network load
1Carrier aggregation doubles burst rate for all users in the cell, which reduces over-the-air latency ~50%, but if the user experience is kept the same (same burst rate), multicarrier can instead support more users for partially loaded carriers. The gain depends on the load and can exceed 100% for fewer users
(less loaded carrier) but less for many users (starting to resemble full buffer with limited gain). Source: Qualcomm simulations, 3GPP simulation framework, FTP traffic model with 1MB file size, 57 macro cells wrap-around, 500m ISD (D1), 2x2 MIMO, TU3, NLOS, 15 degree downtilt 2GHz spectrum.,
Carrier aggregation capacity gain
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
0 3 6 9 12 15
2 10MHz Single Carriers
10MHz + 10MHz Carrier Aggregation
Partially loaded carriers
Burst Rate (normalized)
6 12 18 24 30
Capacity gain can exceed 2x (for same user experience)1
Typical bursty
smartphone applications
Data bursts
Idle time
You Tube
Skype
Pandora
7
Carrier aggregation gaining momentum – Led by Qualcomm Technologies, Inc.
9x25 LTE Advanced
(Cat4)
8974 LTE Advanced
World’s 1st LTE Advanced carrier aggregation
(Launched Jun 2013)
150 Mbps peak data rate (cat 4)
10 + 10 MHz in downlink
QTI’s 3rd generation Qualcomm® Gobi ™ LTE modem
HSPA+ 3 carriers DL & 2 carrier UL aggregation
LTE Advanced Cat 6 (300 Mbps)
(Announced Nov 2013)
300 Mbps peak data rate (cat 6)
20 + 20 MHz in downlink
QTI’s 4th generation Qualcomm® Gobi ™ LTE modem
HSPA+ 3 carriers DL & 2 carrier UL aggregation
Qualcomm Snapdragon and Gobi are products of Qualcomm Technologies, Inc.
9x35 LTE Advanced
(Cat6)
8
Taking carrier aggregation global - 4Th Gen Gobi LTE New Gobi modem paired with new RF solution
Supports next gen LTE Advanced wideband CA
4th generation LTE transceiver
1st 28nm RF
~3x* more CA band combinations
One chip, all carrier aggregation combinations
40 MHz Support in downlink (20 MHz+ 20MHz)
300 Mbps Peak data rate (LTE Cat6)
FDD/TDD Support
1st 20nm modem
HSPA+ 3 carrier downlink & 2 carrier uplink aggregation
Common platform for LTE Advanced & HSPA+ carrier
aggregation
4th Generation LTE modem
Note: *Compared to previous generation QCT solutions; Qualcomm Gobi is a product of Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. ; Qualcomm WTR 3925 is a product of Qualcomm Atheros, Inc.
9
Global demand for LTE Carrier Aggregation QTI chipsets designed to support all CA band combinations currently in deployment or in planning
~50 band combinations being defined by 3GPP
B4 + B17
B4 + B13
B4 + B12
B5 + B12
B2 + B17
B4 + B5
B5 + B17
B4 + B7
B2 + B5
B2 + B29
B4 + B29
B2 + B4
B2 + B13
B23 + B29
B2 + B12
Contiguous B41
Non Contiguous 41
Non Contiguous B4
Non Contiguous B25
B3 + B7
B3 + B20
B7 + B20
B8 + B20
B39 + B41
B1 + B7
Contiguous B38
Contiguous B7
Contiguous B3
Contiguous 40
Non Contiguous 41
Contiguous B39
B11 + B18
B3 + B28
B1 + B8
B1 + B18
B1 + B19
B1 + B21
B1 + B26
B3 + B19
B19 + B21
Contiguous B1
B3 + B8
B1 + B5
B3 + B5
B3 + B26
B8 + B26
Non Contiguous B3
Contiguous B41
Non Contiguous B7 B3 + B8
B3 + B28
RFFE
+
Modem
Requirements: 700-2700 MHz
Inter-Band CA
Intra-Band CA
Wider Bandwidth
TDD CA
FDD CA
Japan
South Korea
Australia
China
Europe
South America
North America
Source: 3GPP, the combinations in blue are completed as of September 2013, remaining represent work items in progress; 3GPP continually defines band combinations
11
More antennas—large gain from receive diversity
Diversity,
MIMO
4 Way Receive
Diversity (+ 2 x 2 MIMO)
Note: LTE Advanced R10 and beyond adds up to 8x8 Downlink MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output), enhanced Multi User MIMO and uplink MIMO up to 4x4. Simulations: 3GPP framework, 21 macro cells wrap-around, 500m ISD (D1), 10MHz FDD,
carrier freq 2GHz, 25 UEs per cell, TU 3km/h, full-buffer traffic, no imbalance or correlation among antennas. 2x4 MIMO used for receive diversity gain of 1.7x compared to 2x2 MIMO, similarly 2x3 diversity provides a 1.3x gain over 2x2 MIMO
MAINSTREAM
COMMERCIAL
LARGE GAIN,
NO STANDARDS OR
NETWORK IMPACT
Device
1.7x
1x 2 x 2 MIMO
Relative spectral efficiency NodeB
1.8x 4x4 MIMO
Downlink
12
Coordinated beamforming
Leverage fiber backhaul installations Coordinated Multipoint (CoMP) for more capacity and better user experience
Remote Radio Head (RRH) Macro
Remote Radio
Head (RRH)
Note: CoMP enabled by TM10 transmission modes in the device and network. Picture focuses on downlink CoMP techniques, CoMP can also apply to the uplink
Central processing/scheduling
(requires low latency fiber)
Same or different cell identity across macro and RRH
Coordinated scheduling
13
It’s not just about adding small cells — LTE Advanced brings even more capacity and enables hyper-dense HetNets1
Higher capacity, network load balancing,
enhanced user experience, user fairness
1By applying advanced interference management to HetNets. 2Median downlink data rate. Assumptions: 4 Picos added per macro and 33% of users dropped in clusters closer to picos (hotspots) : 10 MHz FDD, 2x2 MIMO, 25 users and 500m ISD. Advanced interference management: enhanced time-
domain adaptive resource partitioning, advanced receiver devices with enhanced RRM and RLM1Similar gain for the uplink
Macro+ 4 Picos
Macro Only
Data rate improvement2
2.8X
Macro+ 4 Picos
1.4X
1X
LT
E R
8 LT
E R
8
LT
E A
dv
an
ce
d
wit
h R
an
ge
Ex
pa
nsio
n
Small Cell Range Expansion (FeICIC/IC)
14
Capacity scales with small cells deployed - thanks to advanced interference management (FeICIC/IC)
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
Capacity scales with small cells added1 LTE Advanced with 2x Spectrum added
+4 Small
Cells
~6X
+16 Small
Cells
~21X
+32 Small
Cells
~37X
~11X
+8 Small
Cells
1 Assumptions: Pico type of small cell, 10MHz@2GHz + [email protected],D1 scenario macro 500m ISD, uniform user distribution scenario. Gain is median throughput improvement, from baseline with macro only on 10MHz@2GH, part of gain is addition of 10MHz
spectrum. Users uniformly distributed—a hotspot scenario could provide higher gains. Macro and outdoor small cells sharing spectrum (co-channel)
15
LTE Advanced - Evolving and expanding into new frontiers
Further
improving LTE
Advanced
New
Frontiers
Further
Enhanced HetNets
LTE Advanced in
unlicensed spectrum
LTE Broadcast
going beyond mobile
LTE Direct for
device to device
~3.5 GHz
/ ASA
Higher bands & new licensing models
(Authorized Shared Access)
Evolving carrier aggregation
Enhanced
Receivers for superior
performance
700MHz to 3.8GHz
More advanced antenna features and 256 QAM
Higher capacity for Machine-to-machine and
Smartphone signaling
Aggregated Data Pipe
Device
Interference cancellation
Rel. 12 & beyond
17
FDD/TDD Aggregation (Supported in Rel. 12)
Paired Unpaired
Across licensed/ unlicensed (Specific band combinations to be defined)
Traditional Licensed
ASA/LSA Licensed
Unlicensed (LTE)
Anchor
Across cells (Multiflow)
(Supported in Rel. 12)
3GPP continually defines
band combinations
LTE Advanced carrier aggregation continues to evolve Leveraging all spectrum assets
Aggregated Data Pipe
18
MultiFlow – Dual-cell connectivity across small cells and across macros and small cells
Macro
Macro “Anchor” Small cell “Booster”
Improved offload
to small cells
Higher cell-edge
data rates
Robust
mobility
19
Further enhancing HetNets performance
RESIDENTIAL
ENTERPRISE
METRO
4G Relays & Wireless Backhaul
1 Such as relay and Pico/Metro/RRH small cells for hotspots. RRH= Remote Radio Heads, in addition Distributed Antenna Systems are used in HetNets
Enhanced device
receiver Data channel interference
cancellation for even more gain
Multiflow—Improve
offload to small cells Dual-cell connectivity
across cells
LTE in unlicensed
spectrum Better utilize 5GHz spectrum with
unified LTE network & small cells
LTE/Wi-Fi tight
interworking Converged small cells
with LTE & Wi-Fi
User deployed 3G/4G Typically indoor small cells
Operator deployed 3G/4G Indoor/outdoor small cells1
21
Higher users data rate increases
overall network capacity
Enhanced receivers offer better user experience & more capacity
Interference
Cancellation
Rel. 10/11 Re. 12
Sync ref. signal
Common ref. signal
Primary broadcast
channel
Data channel
Even more beneficial in managing
interference in small cell deployments
Higher network capacity Better user experience
Higher data rates especially at
cell-edges
Enhanced performance
for HetNets
Interference Cancellation
22
Enhanced receivers further improve HetNet performance Live demonstration at MWC 2014, utilizing our LTE Advanced test network in San Diego
Higher network capacity
Increased cell-edge data rates
Th
rou
gh
ou
t
Rel. 10/11 Receiver
Enhanced Receiver
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Th
rou
gh
ou
t
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Rel. 10/11 Receiver
Enhanced Receiver
Macro 1
Pico 2
Pico 3
Pico 4
Pico 5
24
Carrier aggregation
Extending the benefits of LTE Advanced to unlicensed spectrum
Features to protect Wi-Fi neighbors
Longer range and increased capacity Thanks to LTE Advanced anchor in licensed spectrum with robust mobility
Common LTE network with common authentication, security and management.
Coexists with Wi-Fi Unified LTE Network
Better network performance Enhanced user experience
Ideal for small cells
LTE in Licensed spectrum
LTE in Unlicensed spectrum
5 GHz
700MHz to 3.8GHz
25
Leverages existing LTE standards, ecosystem and scale LTE transmitted according to unlicensed spectrum regulations, such as power levels
LTE in unlicensed
spectrum everywhere
LTE Advanced 3GPP R10
Targets 5 GHz unlicensed bands
Wi-Fi and LTE co-existence features2
Extend deployment to regions with
‘Listen Before Talk’ (LBT) regulations
Optimized waveform enabling LBT, carrier
discovery and expanded uplink coverage
Candidate for 3GPP R13 standard
2 3 LTE in unlicensed spectrum
for USA, Korea and China 1
Large scale, global
LTE deployments
268+ network launches
in 100+ countries1
LTE Advanced 3GPP R10
launched June 2013
1Per GSA as of as of Feb 5th 2014. 2 With Carrier Sensing and Adaptive Transmission (CSAT) in the time domain.
R10 Common core network with common mobility, security,
authentication and more.
Unified network for licensed and unlicensed spectrum
Ideal for small cells
Converged 3G/4G small cells with LTE for licensed and unlicensed
spectrum as well as Wi-Fi
27
LTE broadcast is commercial – Powered by Qualcomm® Snapdragon™ processors
1st World’s 1st LTE
Broadcast solution
-
Gobi LTE Modem
integrated into
Snapdragon 800
800 LTE Advanced
Qualcomm Snapdragon and Gobi are products of Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. Source: http://www.totaltele.com/view.aspx?ID=485128
KT Corp launches world’s first commercial LTE
Broadcast service By Nick Wood, Total Telecom
Monday 27, January 2014
South Korean operator to use eMBMS technology to deliver mobile
TV service to Samsung Galaxy Note 3 smartphones.
KT Corp on Monday launched the world’s first commercial LTE Broadcast service,
delivering mobile TV content to Samsung Galaxy Note 3 users.
Called ‘Olleh LTE Play’, the service is based on eMBMs (evolved multimedia broadcast
multicast services) solutions developed in …
28
Network capacity/throughput
1.7X
3X
7X Unicast
LTE Broadcast
1 user/ cell 2 users/cell 5 users /cell
X X X
LTE broadcast – Higher capacity even with fewer users Leveraging LTE infrastructure and spectrum
Source: Qualcomm Research; Simulation assumptions - 2GHz carrier frequency, 5MHz spectrum, 500m site-to-site distance, cluster eMBMS with 19 sites MBSFN deployment (100% of carrier usage), comparison with unicast (based on average throughput) is based
on the same amount of resource allocation.
.
29
Dynamic switching to broadcast offers even more flexibility
Dynamically switch between unicast and broadcast
(based on operator configured triggers)
Users accessing same content on unicast
Users moved to broadcast
Event or demand driven Pre-scheduled (e.g. at stadium only
during games)
Based on demand (e.g. breaking news)
Seamless transition Make-before–break connection
Fully transparent to user
Part of Rel. 121
1This feature is called Mood (Multicast operation on Demand) in Rel 12
30
Terrestrial TV service using LTE Broadcast Enabling broadcasters to reach mobile devices
- Using LTE sites/infrastructure
LTE Broadcast Single Frequency Network
(SFN) for the whole coverage area
Broadcast TV LTE (Unicast)
LTE Broadcast on a dedicated
spectrum
Devices in
“Stand-alone” or “Assisted” mode
Stand-alone
Mode Assisted
Mode Enhanced user experience
in the “Assisted Mode”
(e.g. On-demand content,
interactivity )
~2x Higher capacity than today’s broadcast (DVB-T/ATSC) - Opportunity to free-up spectrum for mobile broadband
Current broadcast technology operates in Multi Frequency Network (MFN) mode with a frequency reuse of at least 4 with a spectrum efficiency of up to 4 bps/Hz inside each cell. This corresponds to an overall spectrum efficiency of approx. 1bps/Hz. Whereas LTE-B
operates in SFN over the entire coverage area with a spectrum efficiency of up to 2bps/Hz.
32
Designed for autonomous “Always-ON” discovery Licensed spectrum utilized for continuous proximity awareness
Privacy sensitive Device based, connectionless discovery
– without location tracking
Discover 1000s of services in
milliseconds
LTE LTE
DISCOVERY
20s
64ms
Source: Qualcomm simulations; Assumes 10MHz system
Up to 500m range
Negligible LTE capacity impact
<1% of uplink resources for thousands of services
33
Operator platform that enables new mobile services Mobile Proximity and Discovery services at scale
Operator owned LTE Direct platform Managed, owned, monetized by mobile operator
Common discovery network Enables discovery horizontally across apps, OS, operators
Part of 3GPP Release 12 standard
Expected to be in every Rel 12 device
35
ASA leverages underutilized spectrum for exclusive use
1No device impact due to ASA, just a regular 3G/4G device supporting global harmonized bands targeted for ASA. Carrier aggregation would be beneficial to aggregate new ASA spectrum with existing spectrum, but is not required.
Incumbent
user
Regular
Multi-band
Device1
3G/4G Small Cells
Incumbents (i.e., government) may not use spectrum at all times and locations
Exclusive Use
Binary use – either incumbent or rights holder with protection zones
Protects spectrum incumbents
Small cells can be closer to incumbent than macros
Used in both macros and small cells
Allows incumbents to monetize unused spectrum
Incentive-based cooperation model
3G/4G Macro Base
Station
36
Defined by CEPT in report published in Feb ’142 for harmonizing 2.3 GHz3
Proposed by FCC
To make 3.5GHz4 band dedicated to licensed shared access for mobile broadband
Endorsed by 28 EU member states Nov ’13
Evaluation by NTIA
Endorsed by 28 EU member states Nov ’13
Specified by ETSI Currently working on requirements
Demonstrated by many infra/device vendors; 2.3 GHz and 3.5 GHz demos at MWC Feb ‘14
Trialed Live in Finland in Sep’13
ASA/LSA1 – Implementation underway in Europe and USA
STANDARDS PROOF OF CONCEPT
OPERATOR INTEREST
REGULATORY POLICY
1 ASA has been named LSA (Licensed Shared Access) in the EU by the Radio Spectrum Policy Group; 23ECC Report 205; 33Draft ECC decision on “harmonized technical and regulatory conditions for the use of the band 2300-2400
MHz for MFCN;” 3GPP Band 40, 2.3-2.4 GHz; 4 Target 3.5 GHz in the US is 3550-3650 MHz
37 More Small Cells is Key to 1000x
LTE Advanced - 1000x data challenge enabler
Hetnets with FeICIC/IC
Full interference management
New deployment models, e.g.
neighborhood small cells
Carrier Aggregation (TDD and FDD)
Authorized Shared Access (ASA)
Higher spectrum bands (esp. TDD)
Continue to evolve LTE:
-- Multiflow, Hetnets enhancements
-- Opportunistic HetNets
LTE in unlicensed spectrum
LTE Broadcast and LTE Direct
38
Qualcomm Technologies LTE advanced leadership
MDM 9x35 LTE Advanced
800 LTE Advanced
Standards Leadership
A main contributor to key LTE Advanced features
Instrumental in driving interference cancellation and other Hetnets features
Pioneering work on LTE Direct and LTE in unlicensed spectrum
Industry-first Demos
MWC 2012: Live Over-The-Air HetNet Demo with Mobility
MWC 2013: Live OTA opportunistic HetNet Demo with VoIP Mobility. Authorized Shared Access (ASA) demo
MWC 2014: Enhanced HetNets with data- channel interference cancellation
Industry-first Chipsets from QTI
World’s 1st LTE Advanced solution (Jun ’13)
First with LTE Broadcast (Jan ‘14)
LTE Advanced cat 6 (300 Mbps) solution announced in Nov. ‘13
300Mpbs (Cat 6) solution
Qualcomm Snapdragon and Qualcomm Gobi are products of Qualcomm Technologies, Inc.
World’s 1st LTE Advanced solution
New graphics/screen captures from latest demo
39
LTE Advanced: Evolving & expanding into new frontiers
1
Enables hyper-dense HetNets; Further gains with enhanced receivers
2
Brings carrier aggregation and its evolution – led by Qualcomm Technologies
3
Expands LTE in to new frontiers – device-to-device, Broadcast TV, higher bands & more
4
Extends benefits of LTE to unlicensed spectrum
1000x mobile data challenge enabler
40
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©2013-2014 Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. and/or its affiliated companies. All Rights Reserved.
Qualcomm, Snapdragon and Gobi are trademarks of Qualcomm Incorporated, registered in the United States and other countries. A ll trademarks of Qualcomm
Incorporated are used with permission. Other products and brand names may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their re spective owners.
References in this presentation to “Qualcomm” may mean Qualcomm Incorporated, Qualcomm Technologies, Inc., and/or other subsi diaries or business units
within the Qualcomm corporate structure, as applicable.
Qualcomm Incorporated includes Qualcomm’s licensing business, QTL, and the vast majority of its patent portfolio. Qualcomm Technologies, Inc., a wholly-
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