LVĢMA, 2006
LATVIJAS VIDES, ĢEOLOĢIJAS UNMETEOROLOĢIJAS AĢENTŪRA
Water data availability
Normunds Kadiķis
LVĢMA, 2006
LATVIJAS VIDES, ĢEOLOĢIJAS UNMETEOROLOĢIJAS AĢENTŪRA
Status of water Monitoring quality and Scientific investigations Data its impacts Statistics bases Modelling
Emissions and other causes
Decision making at Environmental governmental and reports Actions municipal level etc. Accounting
Publications etc.
Informing of society Raising of environmental awareness Involvement of stakeholders
Complex system of Water Quality Management
LVĢMA, 2006
LATVIJAS VIDES, ĢEOLOĢIJAS UNMETEOROLOĢIJAS AĢENTŪRA
Short history of surface water monitoring in Latvia
• Hydrology monitoring dates back to 1920s
• Surface water quality monitoring in selected sites started in 1946
• Enlarged surface water quality monitoring program started
in the 1980s
• New water monitoring program according to requirements
of WFD is launched in 2006 (anticipated for 2006-2008)
LVĢMA, 2006
LATVIJAS VIDES, ĢEOLOĢIJAS UNMETEOROLOĢIJAS AĢENTŪRA
Why we need to carry out surface water quality monitoring?
Legal basis:
• Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EK )
• Fish Waters Directive (78/659/EEC)
• Nitrate Directive (91/676/EEC)
• Dangerous Substances Directive (76/464/EEC) with a number of daughter directives
• Bathing Water Directive (76/160/EEC) • Surface Water Directive (surface water intended for the
abstraction of drinking water) (75/440/EEC)
LEGMA PHA
LVĢMA, 2006
LATVIJAS VIDES, ĢEOLOĢIJAS UNMETEOROLOĢIJAS AĢENTŪRA
Surface water quality monitoring until 2005 (I)
• ~99 water quality monitoring sites in Latvia, very limited amount of lakes
• Basic physico-chemical parameters, Ca+2, Mg+2, Na+, K+,
HCO3-, S/SO4
+2, Cl-, hardness, suspended solids, Si, Fe+3, BOD5, TOC, N/NH4+,
N/NO2-, N/NO3
-, Ntot, P/PO4+3, Ptot, Cu+2, Pb+2, Zn+2, Cd+2, Ni+2, As+3, Hg+2, oil
hydrocarbons, surface active substances, microbiology, chlorophyll, phytoplankton, zoobenthos, zooplankton, macrophytes
• Frequency of sampling: – 10 times per year for chemical parameters in rivers (in selected sites – 12 times) and 4 times per
year in lakes
– 2 -6 times per year for dangerous substances
– 1 to several times during the year for biological elements
LVĢMA, 2006
LATVIJAS VIDES, ĢEOLOĢIJAS UNMETEOROLOĢIJAS AĢENTŪRA
Surface water quality monitoring until 2005 (II)
• Until late 90-ties a bit more dangerous substances, including pesticides, monitored
• Very restricted amount of sediments sampled and analyzed in 80-ties and 90-ties
• Stations since late 90-ties classified according to EIONET suggestions: flux stations, impact stations, representative stations...
LVĢMA, 2006
LATVIJAS VIDES, ĢEOLOĢIJAS UNMETEOROLOĢIJAS AĢENTŪRA
Why there was the need to revise
water monitoring program?
• According to WFD water bodies as primary water management units must be nominated
• Information on ecological quality status must be obtained
• Risk assessment not to achieve at least good water ecological quality status until 2015 must be performed
• Information on water bodies` ecological quality are prerequisite for establishment of management plans
Today 4 river basin districts and 469 water bodies nominated in Latvia!
LVĢMA, 2006
LATVIJAS VIDES, ĢEOLOĢIJAS UNMETEOROLOĢIJAS AĢENTŪRA
LVĢMA, 2006
LATVIJAS VIDES, ĢEOLOĢIJAS UNMETEOROLOĢIJAS AĢENTŪRA
66 river water bodies nominated, 16 monitored in 2005
184 lake water bodies nominated, 11 monitored in 2005
LVĢMA, 2006
LATVIJAS VIDES, ĢEOLOĢIJAS UNMETEOROLOĢIJAS AĢENTŪRA
63 63 river water bodies nominated, 11 monitored in 2005
30 lake water bodies nominated, 6 monitored in 2005
LVĢMA, 2006
LATVIJAS VIDES, ĢEOLOĢIJAS UNMETEOROLOĢIJAS AĢENTŪRA
Monitoring of priority fish waters in 2005
31
43
11
38
12
7 7
12
35
1 2
76
1 1
6
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Daugavas apgabals Gaujas apgabals Lielupes apgabals Ventas apgabals
skai
ts
Upju posmi kopā Monitorētie upju posmi Ezeri kopā Monitorētie ezeri
River waters total Monitored river watersLakes` waters
totalMonitored
lakes` waters
LVĢMA, 2006
LATVIJAS VIDES, ĢEOLOĢIJAS UNMETEOROLOĢIJAS AĢENTŪRA
New surface water quality monitoring 2006-2008 (I)
• Stations classified according to WFD as surveillance monitoring stations, operational monitoring stations, investigative monitoring stations
• Generally, the same parameters as before but zooplankton excluded
• Very different picture with respect to certain parameters in different stations: some parameters` monitoring increased significantly but some (for example, main ions) very decreased
• Frequency of sampling: – generally, 1 time per year for biological parameters (even for
phytoplankton and chlorophyll a in lakes) – 3-12 times per year for microbiological parameters and
chemical parameters– 4 -6 times per year for dangerous substances
LVĢMA, 2006
LATVIJAS VIDES, ĢEOLOĢIJAS UNMETEOROLOĢIJAS AĢENTŪRA
New surface water quality monitoring 2006-2008 (II)
• Macrophytes will be monitored 1 time every 3 years
• Shift to monitoring on rotational basis – ~ 83 water
bodies are anticipated to be monitored each year but others - 1 time during 3 years period, taking into account type of station
LVĢMA, 2006
LATVIJAS VIDES, ĢEOLOĢIJAS UNMETEOROLOĢIJAS AĢENTŪRA
Monitoring of biological elements
Number of monitoring stations
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
2005
2006
2007
2008
Number
Microbiology
Chlorophyl a
Macrozoobenthos
Macrophytes
Phytoplankton
LVĢMA, 2006
LATVIJAS VIDES, ĢEOLOĢIJAS UNMETEOROLOĢIJAS AĢENTŪRA
Monitoring of nutrients` parameters
Number of monitoring stations
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
2005
2006
2007
2008
Number
N/NO3
N/NO2
N/NH4
Nkop
P/PO4
Pkop
99
143
249
276
LVĢMA, 2006
LATVIJAS VIDES, ĢEOLOĢIJAS UNMETEOROLOĢIJAS AĢENTŪRA
Virszemes ūdeņu karte
Virszemes ūdeņu monitorings
LVĢMA, 2006
LATVIJAS VIDES, ĢEOLOĢIJAS UNMETEOROLOĢIJAS AĢENTŪRA
LVĢMA, 2006
LATVIJAS VIDES, ĢEOLOĢIJAS UNMETEOROLOĢIJAS AĢENTŪRA
Statistics / monitoring of water use and wastewater discharges (I)
• information collected in the state statistical survey – data base “2 –Ūdens” (LEGMA)
• Water abstraction, use and wastewater discharges• Mechanically, chemically and biologically treated wastewater
discharges• Pollution discharged (oil products, surface active substances,
biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, biogens, heavy metals, etc.)
• Data can be classified by administrative division, river basins or economic branches
LVĢMA, 2006
LATVIJAS VIDES, ĢEOLOĢIJAS UNMETEOROLOĢIJAS AĢENTŪRA
Statistics / monitoring of water use and wastewater discharges (II)
• ~1750 different enterprises (operators, polluters) reported their data in 2005
• Covering entire territory of Latvia with likely at least one reporting organization in every parish (i.e. the parish council) and many enterprises in cities
LVĢMA, 2006
LATVIJAS VIDES, ĢEOLOĢIJAS UNMETEOROLOĢIJAS AĢENTŪRA
Hydrological monitoring
• ~49 rivers` stations in operation, 9 anticipated to be renewed, 3 – to be installed additionally
• 3 lakes` stations with water level observations(6 closed stations should be renewed)
• Automated or manual water level measurements• Daily mean water discharge calculated / modelled, direct
measurements 1 time per month
LVĢMA, 2006
LATVIJAS VIDES, ĢEOLOĢIJAS UNMETEOROLOĢIJAS AĢENTŪRA
LVĢMA, 2006
LATVIJAS VIDES, ĢEOLOĢIJAS UNMETEOROLOĢIJAS AĢENTŪRA
Conclusions
• Amount of surface water quality monitoring stations quite enlarged since 2006, but frequency of sampling decreased in many cases
• To fill the gaps with regard to surface waters` spatial coverage
(Latvia has very dense hydrological network!) as well as time coverage water quality modelling should have exiting perspectives
• Challenging is the possibility to model distribution of dangerous substances in surface waters which are minimally covered by existing monitoring program
LVĢMA, 2006
LATVIJAS VIDES, ĢEOLOĢIJAS UNMETEOROLOĢIJAS AĢENTŪRA
Thanks!