Download - Lyme regis fieldtrip 2011
![Page 1: Lyme regis fieldtrip 2011](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062418/554ead4cb4c9055f7b8b4f3c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
GCSE GEOGRAPHY
LYME REGISFIELDTRIP
October 12th 2011
South Molton Community College ~ Department of Geography
![Page 2: Lyme regis fieldtrip 2011](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062418/554ead4cb4c9055f7b8b4f3c/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
OCR GCSE GEOGRAPHY
SDME – 25%
FIELDWORK INVESTIGATION – 15%(1200 words)
GEOGRAPHICAL INVESTIGATION – 10%
GEOGRAPHY EXAM – 50%
![Page 3: Lyme regis fieldtrip 2011](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062418/554ead4cb4c9055f7b8b4f3c/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
SETTING THE SCENE
WHAT IS OUR MAIN QUESTION?
WHAT ARE OUR KEY QUESTIONS?
WHERE IS OUR STUDY AREA?(Location map(s), written description)
WHAT ARE OUR INTENDED OUTCOMES?
HOW DOES THE FIELDWORK RELATE TO OUR SCHEMEOF WORK?
WHAT COASTAL PROCESSES WILL WE STUDY?
WHAT BACKGROUND CAN WE RESEARCH?
![Page 4: Lyme regis fieldtrip 2011](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062418/554ead4cb4c9055f7b8b4f3c/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
WHY IS THERE A NEED WHY IS THERE A NEED TO PROTECT THE COASTTO PROTECT THE COAST
IN YOUR CHOSENIN YOUR CHOSENAREA?AREA?
MAIN QUESTION:
![Page 5: Lyme regis fieldtrip 2011](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062418/554ead4cb4c9055f7b8b4f3c/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
WHY IS THERE A NEED TO PROTECT THE COAST IN YOUR CHOSEN AREA?
KEY QUESTIONS
# WHERE IS THE CHOSEN STUDY AREA? - How can we describe the location of our study area? - What physical features are found in this area? - What human features are found in this area? # IS THERE EVIDENCE OF ACTIVE EROSION AND WEATHERING IN THIS AREA? - What wave patterns can be identified in this area? - What landforms have been created by erosion and weathering? - What other coastal processes are evident in this area?# WHAT METHODS OF COASTAL MANAGEMENT HAVE BEEN ADOPTED TO PROTECT THIS AREA? - What methods of hard engineering can be identified in this area? - What methods of soft engineering can be identified in this area? - How effective are coastal defence solutions in this area?# ARE AGEING COASTAL DEFENCES DETERIORATING? - What evidence can we find of coastal defences being destroyed by the sea?# WHAT RISKS EXIST TO LOCAL PROPERTIES AND AMENITIES? - Can we find buildings or services under threat? # WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR THIS AREA OF PROJECTED SEA LEVEL RISE IN THE FUTURE? - How will rising sea levels affect this area? - What will this area be like in the future?
![Page 6: Lyme regis fieldtrip 2011](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062418/554ead4cb4c9055f7b8b4f3c/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
WHERE IS OUR STUDY LOCATION?
![Page 7: Lyme regis fieldtrip 2011](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062418/554ead4cb4c9055f7b8b4f3c/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
WHERE IS OUR STUDY LOCATION?
![Page 8: Lyme regis fieldtrip 2011](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062418/554ead4cb4c9055f7b8b4f3c/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
WHERE ISOUR STUDYLOCATION?
![Page 9: Lyme regis fieldtrip 2011](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062418/554ead4cb4c9055f7b8b4f3c/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
WHERE IS OUR STUDY LOCATION?
![Page 10: Lyme regis fieldtrip 2011](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062418/554ead4cb4c9055f7b8b4f3c/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: Lyme regis fieldtrip 2011](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062418/554ead4cb4c9055f7b8b4f3c/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: Lyme regis fieldtrip 2011](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062418/554ead4cb4c9055f7b8b4f3c/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
HOW DOES THE FIELDWORKRELATE TO THE OCRSCHEME OF WORK?
Four Key Exam Themes1 Rivers and Coasts2 Population and Settlement3 Natural Hazards4 Economic Development
![Page 13: Lyme regis fieldtrip 2011](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062418/554ead4cb4c9055f7b8b4f3c/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Four Key Exam Themes1 Rivers and Coasts2 Population and Settlement3 Natural Hazards4 Economic Development
WAVE ACTION – fetch, swash & backwash, constructive & destructive waves
COASTAL EROSION – methods of erosion, cliffs, mass movement, wave cut platforms,
headlands & bays, caves, arches & stacks
COASTAL DEPOSITION – longshore drift, beaches, spits, bars, tombolos & salt marshes
COASTAL MANAGEMENT – hard & soft engineering
![Page 14: Lyme regis fieldtrip 2011](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062418/554ead4cb4c9055f7b8b4f3c/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
WHAT COASTAL PROCESSESWILL WE STUDY?
WAVE ACTION & FETCH
PROCESS OF EROSION
PROCESS OF LONGSHORE DRIFT
COASTAL MANAGEMENT
![Page 15: Lyme regis fieldtrip 2011](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062418/554ead4cb4c9055f7b8b4f3c/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
WAVE ACTION
![Page 16: Lyme regis fieldtrip 2011](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062418/554ead4cb4c9055f7b8b4f3c/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
SWASH and BACKWASH
• Waves are created by the wind. As the wind drags down on the surface of the sea, water is forced around in a circular motion. • When the water depth shallows, water cannot complete its full circle, and the wave breaks.• Water runs up the beach as SWASH, and returns (by gravity) to the sea as BACKWASH.
![Page 17: Lyme regis fieldtrip 2011](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062418/554ead4cb4c9055f7b8b4f3c/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
CONSTRUCTIVE WAVES – have a stronger swashand build up the coast
DESTRUCTIVE WAVES – have a stronger backwashand destroy the coast
![Page 18: Lyme regis fieldtrip 2011](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062418/554ead4cb4c9055f7b8b4f3c/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
STORM WAVESThe stronger the wind, thebigger the waves. The biggerthe waves, the more energythey have.
![Page 19: Lyme regis fieldtrip 2011](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062418/554ead4cb4c9055f7b8b4f3c/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
FETCH
The area ofopen waterover whichwind blows is known as
FETCH.
![Page 20: Lyme regis fieldtrip 2011](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062418/554ead4cb4c9055f7b8b4f3c/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
FETCH
![Page 21: Lyme regis fieldtrip 2011](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062418/554ead4cb4c9055f7b8b4f3c/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
CORRASION (ABRASION) – is caused by largewaves hurling beach material against a cliff
HYDRAULIC ACTION – is the force of wavescompressing air in cracks in a cliff
SOLUTION (CORROSION) – is when salts andother acids in seawater slowly dissolves a cliff
ATTRITION – is when waves cause rocks andboulders to collide and break up into smallerparticles
PROCESS OF EROSION
![Page 22: Lyme regis fieldtrip 2011](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062418/554ead4cb4c9055f7b8b4f3c/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
HYDRAULICACTION
HYDRAULIC ACTION – is the force of waves
compressing air in cracks in a cliff
![Page 23: Lyme regis fieldtrip 2011](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062418/554ead4cb4c9055f7b8b4f3c/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
CLIFFS
![Page 24: Lyme regis fieldtrip 2011](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062418/554ead4cb4c9055f7b8b4f3c/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
CLIFFCOLLAPSE
![Page 25: Lyme regis fieldtrip 2011](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062418/554ead4cb4c9055f7b8b4f3c/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
![Page 26: Lyme regis fieldtrip 2011](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062418/554ead4cb4c9055f7b8b4f3c/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
WAVE CUT PLATFORMS
![Page 27: Lyme regis fieldtrip 2011](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062418/554ead4cb4c9055f7b8b4f3c/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Longshore Drift Sediment is TRANSPORTEDalong the coastline by wave action.
![Page 28: Lyme regis fieldtrip 2011](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062418/554ead4cb4c9055f7b8b4f3c/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Features Created By Longshore Drift - Spits
![Page 29: Lyme regis fieldtrip 2011](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062418/554ead4cb4c9055f7b8b4f3c/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
There are two different approaches used to defend against
coastal erosion and flooding:
• HARD ENGINEERING• SOFT ENGINEERING
WHY PROTECT OUR COASTS?
• Many coastlines in developed countries are heavily populated• Many coastlines provide income from industries like tourism & fishing• Many coastlines have high land values• Many coastlines are prone to erosion and flooding• Many coastlines are fragile natural environments easily damaged by people
![Page 30: Lyme regis fieldtrip 2011](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062418/554ead4cb4c9055f7b8b4f3c/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
HARD ENGINEERING
Hard engineering is:• SHORT TERM• NOT SUSTAINABLE in the long term• EXPENSIVE• UGLY• In need of CONSTANT MAINTENANCE• Often responsible for PROBLEMS FURTHER DOWN THE COAST
THERE ARE FIVE MAIN
HARD ENGINEERING DEFENCES:
GROYNES SEA WALLS REVETMENTS GABIONS SEA ARMOUR
![Page 31: Lyme regis fieldtrip 2011](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062418/554ead4cb4c9055f7b8b4f3c/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
GROYNES
Groynes are wooden structures placed at right angles to the coast wherelongshore drift occurs. They reduce movement of material along the coast, and hold the beach in place. This protects cliffs from erosion andprotects low areas from flooding.
COST = £6000 each!
![Page 32: Lyme regis fieldtrip 2011](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062418/554ead4cb4c9055f7b8b4f3c/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
![Page 33: Lyme regis fieldtrip 2011](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062418/554ead4cb4c9055f7b8b4f3c/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
SEA WALLS
Sea walls DEFLECT (not absorb) wave energy, protecting beaches fromerosion and low areas from flooding. Waves can erode sea walls and cause collapse.
COST = £2000 per metre!
![Page 34: Lyme regis fieldtrip 2011](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062418/554ead4cb4c9055f7b8b4f3c/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
![Page 35: Lyme regis fieldtrip 2011](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062418/554ead4cb4c9055f7b8b4f3c/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
GABIONS
Gabions are steel mesh cages containing boulders. The rocks absorbsome of the wave energy and reduce erosion. They are cheap, but ugly!
![Page 36: Lyme regis fieldtrip 2011](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062418/554ead4cb4c9055f7b8b4f3c/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
SEA ARMOUR
Sea armour consists of large boulders piled on the beach where erosionis likely. They are cheap but ugly. Even these large rocks can be movedor undermined by wave action.
![Page 37: Lyme regis fieldtrip 2011](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062418/554ead4cb4c9055f7b8b4f3c/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
![Page 38: Lyme regis fieldtrip 2011](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062418/554ead4cb4c9055f7b8b4f3c/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)