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M57: The “Ring Nebula” or NGC6720
By: Ethan Kelfer
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History• Discovered by French
astronomer Antoine Darquier de Pellepoix in January 1779
• He said that the Ring Nebula was "...as large as Jupiter and resembles a planet which is fading."
• Later that month, Charles Messier found the same nebula while looking for comets.
• The nebula was first photographed by the Hungarian astronomer Eugene von Gothard in 1886.
Antoine Darquier de Pellepoix
Charles Messier
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M57 Facts• Magnitude: 8.8• RA: 18h 53.6m• Dec: +33° 02´• The nebula has been expanding at roughly 1 arcsecond per
century• M57 is 2,300 light-years away from Earth• The central star that produced M57 no longer produces its
energy through nuclear fusion and is now becoming a compact white dwarf star.
• 0.6Msun
• The surface temperature of M57 is approximately 125,000K. • Currently it is 200 times more luminous than the Sun
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Location
• Messier 57 is located south of the bright star Vega which forms the northwestern vertex of the Summer Triangle asterism
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Reason for Choosing• I really like nebulae• I thought the Ring
Nebula looked cool• Has very vibrant-colored
clouds of gas• Easy to locate with
TheSky
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Telescope• 20” Cassegrain• SBIG STL 1001E Large
Format Camera• 5- 3 Minute Dark Frames• 3 Minute Unfiltered Images
(10) using a Barlow Lens• 3 Minute Images of Red
(10), Green (8) ,& Blue-Filtered Images (10)
• No flat field images were taken, simply because.
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CCDSoft
• Create MasterDark • Image Reduction/Calibration• Alignment of Images• Combining of Images
-Red
-Green
-Blue
-Clear
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Color-Filtered Images
Red-Filtered Image
Green-Filtered Image
Blue-Filtered Image
Unfiltered Image (with Barlow
Lens)
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Processing in Photoshop• Levels for each of the 4 images• Resize in Photoshop to 2048x2048• Save as .tif files
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RegiStar
• Align color-filtered images with unfiltered image in RegiStar because of Barlow Lens
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Final Resized Images
Red-Filtered Final Image
Green-Filtered Final Image
Blue-Filtered Final Image
Unfiltered Final Image (with Barlow Lens)
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Processing in Photoshop Cont’d
For unfiltered - Mode: RGB Color
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Color Combined Image
Saved as M57Color.tif
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Combine Unfiltered Add & Median Image in Photoshop
+
• Layer Mask• Gaussian Blur• Magic Wand Tool & Lasso Tool• Flatten Image
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Combined Unfiltered Image
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Combine Color & Unfiltered Images
+
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Final Processing
• Flatten Image• Crop
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Bibliography
• http://messier.seds.org/m/m057.html• http://www.universetoday.com/36306/messier-57/• http://astropixels.com/planetarynebulae/M57-01.html• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_57• http://www.astr.ua.edu/gifimages/ring.gif• http://apod.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search• http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/
Antoine_Darquier_de_Pellepoix.jpg• http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-_sSsJQ_3J_8/TmEO80c2Y4I/AAAAAAAAApM/
GwYvk6HDYlo/s1600/Albireo%2B2a1.jpg • http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/
M57_The_Ring_Nebula.JPG/250px-M57_The_Ring_Nebula.JPG• http://www.phys.ttu.edu/~ozprof/20inskyview05.jpg• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:M57RingNebula.jpg