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Mahbuba KhondakerPGDO Intern, School of Optometry
Aravind Eye Hospital
Basics & Classification
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Introduction
Misalignment of eye visual axis
Its may congenital or acquired
It may also related with any other syndrome
In some cases it is hereditary
Is a condition which can be unilateral or bi lateral.
It is a common condition among children.
It may also occur in adults.
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Squint: Definition
Squint is a misalignment of the two eyes so that both the eyes are not looking in the same direction in same object.
The misalignment can be-• Constant • Intermittent
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Causes for squint: Birth injuries.
Hereditary.
Loss of coordination between the muscles of the two eyes
Need for glasses
Certain eye diseases interfering vision of one eye (e.g: unilateral cataract
Illness - can make it obvious
Fatigue, stress or extended work load
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Extra Ocular Muscles of EyeTotal 6 (4-rectus , 2- Oblique )
Muscles functions in particular gazes are-• Medial rectus (MR): moves the eye toward the nose (Adduction)
• Lateral rectus (LR): moves the eye away from the nose (Abduction)
• Superior rectus (SR): primarily moves the eye upward and secondarily rotates the top of the eye toward the nose (Elevation,
Abduction, Intortion)
• Inferior rectus (IR): moves the eye downward & secondarily rotates the top of the eye away from the nose (Depression, abduction, Extortion)
• Superior oblique (SO): primarily rotates the top of the eye toward the nose & secondarily moves the eye downward (Adduction and depression)
• Inferior oblique (IO): primarily rotates the top of the eye away from the nose secondarily moves the eye upward (Abduction and elevation)
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Extra Ocular Muscles of Eye
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Squint Classification
According to direction of deviation According to amount of deviation in
different gazes
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Squint Classification
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Types of Squint and Definiton
A pseudosquint mimics a squint. It is caused by prominent epicanthic folds causing one eye to appear to be looking in.
Esotropia (not to be confused with entropion) is a convergent squint, in which one eye is turned inward.
Exotropia (not to be confused with ectropion) is a divergent squint, in which one eye is turned outward.
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Treatment Goals of treatment:
Development of normal vision in both eyes. • Straighten the eyes.• To make both eyes work together
Treatment : • Glasses/ Spectacles: • Some type of squint are corrected by
glass (e.g accommodative esotropia)
• Patching of the lazy eye: Stimulate bad eye to see more and improve vision.
• Surgery : Squint correction
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Types: Squint Correction Surgery
Resection Recession