Major Civil War Battles
October 1861- Battle of Bull Run
May 1863 - Battle of Chancellorsville
April 1862 - Battle of Shiloh
September 1862 -Battle of Antietam
July 1863 - Battle of Gettysburg
April 9, 1865 - Surrender at Appomattox
Battle of Bull Run (July,1861)
•Bull Run. Virginia
•Hundreds of Union spectators come out to watch their army destroy the Confederates.
•Southern troops did not run as expected.
•General Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson inspires his men.
•3,000 Union deaths/2,000 Confederates
•Bull Run was important because it proved that the war would be long and bloody.
President Lincoln appoints “cautious” George Mclellan as new commander.
First Battle of Bull Run near Manassas, VA.
The IroncladsThe Ironclads
The The MerrimackMerrimack and the and the MonitorMonitor introduced a new age of naval warfare introduced a new age of naval warfare to the world. These two war ships were to the world. These two war ships were covered with iron plating protecting covered with iron plating protecting them when under fire. Even though them when under fire. Even though the two ships did not float very well the two ships did not float very well both it showed everyone the new both it showed everyone the new kinds of technology that the war kinds of technology that the war introduced to the world. introduced to the world.
The Confederate army took one of the The Confederate army took one of the abandoned Federal steam frigates abandoned Federal steam frigates added iron shingles and turned it into added iron shingles and turned it into an almost undefeatable nightmare for an almost undefeatable nightmare for the Union marines. The ship rammed the Union marines. The ship rammed two wooden Union ships, the two wooden Union ships, the CumberlandCumberland and the and the Congress. Congress. None None of wooden vessels were a match for of wooden vessels were a match for the the MerrimackMerrimack. However, the very next . However, the very next day the north also displayed an armor day the north also displayed an armor clad ship, the clad ship, the MonitorMonitor. When the two . When the two ships challenged each other on March ships challenged each other on March 9, 1862 there was no telling who 9, 1862 there was no telling who would win. would win.
General Thomas “Stonewall” General Thomas “Stonewall” JacksonJackson
General of the General of the Confederate Army.Confederate Army.
Earned his name Earned his name by standing his by standing his ground during the ground during the Battle of Bull Run.Battle of Bull Run.
Won many Won many victories for the victories for the Confederacy.Confederacy.
Battle of Antietam (September,1862)
•Antietam, Maryland
•General Robert E. Lee goes on the offensive.
•Lee’s messenger loses his battle plans. 2 Union soldiers find plans and give them to General McClellan.
•McClellan still “cautious” to attack.
•23,000 soldiers killed
•Neither side really won, but since Lee withdrew his troops—give it to the Union.
•McClellan is fired by President Lincoln and replaced by General Ambrose Burnside.
The Battle of AntietamThe Battle of Antietam
General Ambrose BurnsideGeneral Robert E. Lee
Fired General “Cautious” George McClellan
Battle of Fredericksburg Battle of Fredericksburg (Dec. 1862)(Dec. 1862)
Union army marched Union army marched towards Richmond once towards Richmond once again.again.
Led by Gen. BurnsideLed by Gen. Burnside Gen. Lee retreated to a Gen. Lee retreated to a
hill and fought hill and fought defensively.defensively.
Burnsides’ troops Burnsides’ troops charged and lost 6 charged and lost 6 times.times.
One of the worst Union One of the worst Union defeats during the war. defeats during the war.
13,000 Union 13,000 Union dead/4,500 dead/4,500 Confederates.Confederates.
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Battle of Chancellorsville, Battle of Chancellorsville, VAVA
(May 1863)(May 1863) Lee and Jackson Lee and Jackson
together defeat the together defeat the Union in 3 days.Union in 3 days.
Nervous Nervous Confederates fire Confederates fire at what they at what they thought was a thought was a Union rider—Who Union rider—Who was it?was it?
Stonewall JacksonStonewall JacksonR.I.P. Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson
Battle of Shiloh, TNBattle of Shiloh, TN(April 1862)(April 1862)
War in the West War in the West focused on controlling focused on controlling the Mississippi River.the Mississippi River.
Union was winning Union was winning easily.easily.
General Ulysses S. General Ulysses S. Grant and his Grant and his determination prevail determination prevail at Shiloh.at Shiloh.
Victory allows Union to Victory allows Union to eventually control both eventually control both ends of the Mississippi.ends of the Mississippi.
Union General Ulysses S. Grant
Shiloh BattlefieldShiloh Battlefield
Civil War DrummersCivil War Drummers
Major Civil War Battles
July 1861- Battle of Bull Run
April 1862 - Battle of Shiloh
September 1862 -Battle of Antietam
December 1862- Battle of Fredericksburg
May 1863 - Battle of Chancellorsville
Emancipation Proclamation Emancipation Proclamation (September 22, 1862)(September 22, 1862)
““On the 1On the 1stst day of day of January, in the year January, in the year of our Lord 1863, all of our Lord 1863, all persons held as persons held as slaves within any slaves within any state or…part of a state or…part of a state (whose) state (whose) people…shall then be people…shall then be in rebellion against in rebellion against the United States, the United States, shall be then, shall be then, thenceforward, and thenceforward, and forever free.”forever free.”
African Americans in the African Americans in the WarWar
54th Massachusetts Regiment
Attacked Confederate troops at Fort Wagner in Charleston, South Carolina.
½ the men died but “proved themselves among the bravest of the brave, performing deeds of daring and shedding their blood with a heroism unsurpassed by soldiers of any race.”
By the end of the war, nearly 200,000 African Americans fought for the Union. 40,000 lost their lives.
Fort WagnerFort Wagner
July 1863July 1863 Confederate control Confederate control
strong fort near strong fort near Charleston, SC.Charleston, SC.
North attacks the fort North attacks the fort and loses badly.and loses badly.
5454thth Massachusetts Massachusetts fights bravely and fights bravely and earns respect from earns respect from white generals, troops.white generals, troops.
Women in the WarWomen in the War
Clara Barton—Nurse
Founded the American Red Cross.
Loreta Janeta Velazquez
Disguised herself as a man to fight in battle of Shiloh and Bull Run.
2,000 women served as Nurses during the Civil War.
Civil War Medical Kit
Fall of Vicksburg, MississippiFall of Vicksburg, Mississippi Vicksburg was the last Vicksburg was the last
Confederate stronghold Confederate stronghold on the Mississippi River.on the Mississippi River.
Grant and his men Grant and his men battled for six weeks.battled for six weeks.
July 4July 4thth, 1863 , 1863 Confederates Confederates surrendered—they had surrendered—they had no food.no food.
Entire Mississippi now Entire Mississippi now controlled by Union = controlled by Union = Confederacy is split in Confederacy is split in 2.2.
““Total War” launched Total War” launched against South.against South.
Battle of Gettysburg, PABattle of Gettysburg, PA After victory at After victory at
Chancellorsville, Lee Chancellorsville, Lee moves to attack by moves to attack by surprise, then capture DC. surprise, then capture DC. (July, 1863)(July, 1863)
3-day battle marked by 3-day battle marked by “Pickett’s charge.”(15,000 “Pickett’s charge.”(15,000 men) men)
Huge defeat for Huge defeat for Confederates.Confederates.
40,000 men dead or 40,000 men dead or wounded.wounded.
*South would never again *South would never again attack the North.attack the North.
Open field surgery as an amputation is performed at a Union hospital tent. Dead Union troops.
Gatehouse to the Evergreen Cemetery.
Pickett’s Charge at Pickett’s Charge at GettysburgGettysburg
Gettysburg Address/Election Gettysburg Address/Election 18641864
““We here highly resolve We here highly resolve that these dead shall that these dead shall not have died in vain—not have died in vain—that this nation, under that this nation, under God, shall have a new God, shall have a new birth of freedom—and birth of freedom—and that the gov’t of the that the gov’t of the people, by the people, people, by the people, for the people, shall not for the people, shall not perish from the Earth.”perish from the Earth.”
Abe Lincoln (Nov. 19, Abe Lincoln (Nov. 19, 1863)1863)
McClellan (D) Pro-slavery
Lincoln (R)Anti-slavery
“With malice toward none, with charity for all…let us strive…to bind up the nation’s wounds…to do all which may achieve a just and a lasting peace among ourselves and with all nations.”
--Lincoln (2nd Inaugural address)
Surrender at Appomattox Surrender at Appomattox Courthouse, VA (April 9, 1865)Courthouse, VA (April 9, 1865)
General Robert E. Lee surrenders to General Ulysses S. Grant.
-Grant is generous by letting the Confederate officers keep their pistols, and the soldiers to keep their horses. “The war is over. The rebels are our countrymen again.”
Battles of Battles of Gettysburg/AppomattoxGettysburg/Appomattox
Effects of the WarEffects of the War 360,000 Union soldiers killed.360,000 Union soldiers killed. 250,000 Confederate soldiers killed.250,000 Confederate soldiers killed. Union is secure—Federal gov’t strong.Union is secure—Federal gov’t strong. Freedom for African Americans—13Freedom for African Americans—13thth
amendment,14amendment,14thth amendment, 15 amendment, 15thth amendment.amendment.
South resents North because of “total South resents North because of “total war.” Pass Jim Crowe Laws—keep war.” Pass Jim Crowe Laws—keep south segregated.south segregated.
Total WarTotal War
