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Making Horses Thirsty:
Increasing Motivation to Learn
Clayton Austin, Ph.D.
(o) 904.358.6623
(m) 904.465.3966
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected] -
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Professional
DevelopmentWorkshops and
Conferences
Peer-to-Peer
Consultation
On CampusImplementation
Training
What We Do
WZCCOO
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Adolescent PsychologyEducational Psychology
Curriculum Coordinator Student Success
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A man maie well bring a horseto the water, But he can not
make him drinke without hewill.
A dialogue conteinyng the nomber in effectof all the prouerbes in the Englishetongue, John Heywood, 1546
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Uh-oh Bubba, looks
like this one is about a
quart low on
motivation better
just close the hood.
Maybe we
should
check the
IQ level?
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LIBIDO
THANATOS
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Would you like to?
On an index card,finish this sentence
I like to/I would like
to _________.
Think of somethingfew others wouldlike to do.
As cards are read,stand up if youwould like to, too.
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Who is motivatedto do a crossword
puzzle?
Abdruck, Ausfuhr, Ausland, Etagere, gerecht, illegal, Laertes, Legende,
Notfall, Pelikan, virtuos
Ebenholz, Grimasse, Oelfarbe
Allegorie, Epaulette, Erzaehler, Nitschewo
Extrawurst, Weingarten
Cela,
Ecke, Mono, raet,
Sete.
Akten, Alter, altig,Dakar, genau,
Guete, Larve, Lasso,
Liste, Manie, Opfer,
Pfote, Tonic, Waadt
Ataman, Einehe,eirund, Figaro,
Flocke, Glarus,
Ikarus, Indigo,
morsch, online,
Rebell, single, Weiler
Who is
motivated todo a
crosswordpuzzle inGerman?Who is motivated to do a
logic puzzle?
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Motivation is not inside a person
It is between a person and a task
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The Dilemma
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In their own words
Think of a specific task or assignmentthat your students are not motivated to
do. Be as specific as possible.
Write on a sticky note what that personwould say about completing their task.Write down their exact words.
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Quality
QuantityDo you have
a lot or a
little?
Is it long-lasting,persistent,
steady, resilient,
adaptive?
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Quantity
E x V = M
Expectancy x Value = Motivation
Remembermultiplication of zero?
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E x V = M
How possible
is it?
How good am at it?
Is it useful?
Is it interesting?
Expectancy x Value = Motivation
+ or -
+ or -
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Motivation
Student Task
Expectancy
X
Value
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Ulysses
Irene Gretchen
Aaron
How would identify eachstudents specific issue?
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Fill in the equation for your
student
Expectancy X Value = Motivation
How achievable is it?
(0-5)
+
How good are you at it?
(0-5)
X
How useful is it?
(0-5)
+
How interesting is it?
(0-5)
=
How motivated are you?
(0-100)
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He does not
it because it is not
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She does not
it because it is not
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He does notexpect
success because it isnotachievable.
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Se does notexpect
success because she isnotgoodat the task.
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Fill in the equation for your
student
Expectancy X Value = Motivation
How achievable is it?
(0-5)
+
How good are you at it?
(0-5)
X
How useful is it?
(0-5)
+
How interesting is it?
(0-5)
=
How motivated are you?
(0-100)
Ul A
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Ulysses
Irene Gretchen
Aaron
How would you helpeach student with their
specific issue?
Ul A
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Ulysses
Irene Gretchen
Aaron
Make it concrete
Make it personal
Make it authentic
Make it fun
Success stories
Provide task support
Model success
Detail improvement
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Quality
QuantityDo you have
a lot or a
little?
Is it long-lasting,persistent,
steady, resilient,
adaptive?
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Thi k b k t i iti l ll
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Think back to your initial collegeexperience.
What was the quality of
your motivation?Was it long-
lasting, persistent,steady, resilient,
adaptive?Think. Pair. Share.
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Before First Year of
College
After First Year of
College
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Quality
Extrinsic
Rewards/Punishment
Pride /Shame
Fame/Image
Intrinsic
Autonomy
Competence
Relatedness
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Autonomy
Relationship
Competence
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Why fore such things matter?
Academic fitness motivated bythe rewards and punishmentsof extrinsic motivation:
Make the grade baby!
Lifes pressing question is Will this be on the
test?
Memorizing what you should be understanding
Result, only the of academic fitnessAPPEARANCE
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Why fore such things matter?
Academic fitness motivated bythe autonomy, competence,relatedness of intrinsicmotivation
Seek to memorize and understand
Persistence during struggle to understand
Increased creativity and personal application
Result, the of academic fitnessACTUALITY
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Whats my motivation?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nrq96cW2BuYhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nrq96cW2BuY -
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to get the grade, baby!.to get parent/teacher
approvalto feel pride in GPA
.to avoid feelings of
failure
to be educated and
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to be educated and
cultured
.to provide for yourself
and loved ones
for the sheer joy,
pleasure and interest of
learning
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Motivation
Student Task
AutonomyRelationship
Competence
More autonomous,
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Timmermans, Vansteenkiste,and Lens (2004)
academically
adjusted 1st year
college student
More controlled
academically
maladjusted 1st yearcollege student
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I have always wanted to go to
college so that I could get agood paying job. I was waiting
to save up enough money, butI never could. So, I gave uptrying to save and decided totake out loans to go to college.It took me 10 yrs to decide this.
I am going to college, so
that I can have a betteropportunity of being able
to provide for myself andmy family, without to livepaycheck-to-paycheck.
Katz
PalaceLocation:
Silver Lake,
KS
Assiduous
Location: Houston, TX
http://www.collegenet.com/elect/app/app?service=external/CandidateProfile&sp=79524http://www.collegenet.com/elect/app/app?service=external/CandidateProfile&sp=79524http://www.collegenet.com/elect/app/app?service=external/CandidateProfile&sp=79524http://www.collegenet.com/elect/app/app?service=external/CandidateProfile&sp=79524 -
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As a teacher, you have a significant effect on thequality of motivation your students adopt!
As a teacher, you have a significanteffect on the quality of motivation
your students adopt!
Bad News
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Instructors whoframe intrinsic goals
for students
Vansteenkiste, Lens, and Deci, 2006
Instructors who
frame no goals forstudents
Instructors whoframe extrinsic goalsfor students
W i i i i l f
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Write an intrinsic goal fortune
cookie
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How do I support autonomy?
Let students handle materials Ask about students wants Respond to questions Foster task relevance
Express students emotional perspectives Dont give answers Provide rationale for activities Promote task value Give positive and negative feedback Personalize Contextualize Provide choice Give less should statements
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How do I support autonomy?
Grade
TALK
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Grade
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How do I grade to support autonomy?
Respond to questions Dont give answers
Give positive andnegative feedback
Provide choice
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How to Grade Papers
1. Stack papers
2. Knock stack over
3. Grade as follows:
Face up: C
Face down: F
On side: A
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Choose Your
Final GradeExercise1
110 Top Teaching Tips
Dean Mancina,
Golden West College
http://www.academic.cengage.co
m/tlconnect/client/discipline/ar
chiveSeminar.do?id=18
R b i !
http://www.academic.cengage.com/tlconnect/client/discipline/archiveSeminar.do?id=18http://www.academic.cengage.com/tlconnect/client/discipline/archiveSeminar.do?id=18http://www.academic.cengage.com/tlconnect/client/discipline/archiveSeminar.do?id=18http://www.academic.cengage.com/tlconnect/client/discipline/archiveSeminar.do?id=18http://www.academic.cengage.com/tlconnect/client/discipline/archiveSeminar.do?id=18http://www.academic.cengage.com/tlconnect/client/discipline/archiveSeminar.do?id=18 -
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Rubrics!
Use free Rubistarwebsite to makequick and easy rubrics
Better yet, have your students make
them for their own projects/papers
Quick change templates or build from
scratchDownload in MS Excel, Internet
Explorer or Blackboard
http://rubistar.4teachers.org/index.phphttp://rubistar.4teachers.org/index.php -
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Recycle!Student completes
paper, project, or test
Student receives gradewith detailed comments
for improvement
Student addressescomments and canearn up to half of
missed points
i.e. Initial 60% can becomefinal 80%, initial 90% can
become 95%
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Avoid spending time on special circumstances
Avoid late work
Show appreciation for complexity of student livesand learning
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How do I assign to support autonomy?
Let students handle materials Foster task relevance
Provide rationale for activities Personalize Contextualize
Provide choice
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Whichpajamas do
you want towear?
Allow students to focus on course Write a 500 word article for a
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Allow students to focus on coursetopics of particular interest
More authentic or real world
Encourage higher order thinking,instead of just memorizing
Write a 500 word article for astudent paper. Interview asuccessful college graduate. Tell
their story connecting it to atleast three key course concepts.Incorporate a photo, and at leastone song lyric or line of poetry.
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A compilation
of class essays,quotes, andphotos.
http://issuu.com/wkcd/docs/practice?mode=embed&documentId=080616132958-d3c8d1faaeb447f38ff7f7108b0c0b0f&layout=greyhttp://issuu.com/wkcd/docs/practice?mode=embed&documentId=080616132958-d3c8d1faaeb447f38ff7f7108b0c0b0f&layout=greyhttp://issuu.com/wkcd/docs/practice?mode=embed&documentId=080616132958-d3c8d1faaeb447f38ff7f7108b0c0b0f&layout=greyhttp://issuu.com/wkcd/docs/practice?mode=embed&documentId=080616132958-d3c8d1faaeb447f38ff7f7108b0c0b0f&layout=greyhttp://issuu.com/wkcd/docs/practice?mode=embed&documentId=080616132958-d3c8d1faaeb447f38ff7f7108b0c0b0f&layout=greyhttp://issuu.com/wkcd/docs/practice?mode=embed&documentId=080616132958-d3c8d1faaeb447f38ff7f7108b0c0b0f&layout=greyhttp://issuu.com/wkcd/docs/practice?mode=embed&documentId=080616132958-d3c8d1faaeb447f38ff7f7108b0c0b0f&layout=greyhttp://issuu.com/wkcd/docs/practice?mode=embed&documentId=080616132958-d3c8d1faaeb447f38ff7f7108b0c0b0f&layout=grey -
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Talk
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How do I talk to support autonomy?
Ask about students wants Respond to questions Express students emotional
perspectives Dont give answers Promote task value
Give positive and negativefeedback
Give less should statements
Whose class will adopt better
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Whose class will adopt bettermotivation?
Professor S. Marty Pants
or
Professor F. Fort
Professor S Marty Pants
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/ffximage/2008/04/16/professorlayton_narrowweb__300x642,0.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/news/reviews/professor-layton-and-the-curious-village/2008/04/16/1208025201198.html&usg=__2hbt9LI9SNHwgLdDF7fX92XHMWA=&h=642&w=300&sz=25&hl=en&start=59&sig2=UfbFkgQ9Dz0LORKtfc4eFw&tbnid=7-zB19tRlJlg8M:&tbnh=137&tbnw=64&ei=eEJ3SeDyE43gsAOzx8HIAw&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dprofessor%26start%3D40%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D20%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DNhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://toughpigs.com/uploaded_images/ProfessorHastings-776378.jpg&imgrefurl=http://toughpigs.com/labels/lists.html&usg=__AKpzTPW64MesA4o4Fq7aMX-jC1M=&h=421&w=283&sz=296&hl=en&start=35&sig2=S2oksrlWg1zemQfqztJkEw&tbnid=ZwSgxVQnRrHUVM:&tbnh=125&tbnw=84&ei=VUJ3SbmNKI-QsQOgqIXDAw&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dprofessor%26start%3D20%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D20%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN -
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Professor S. Marty Pants
In each of these puzzles, a list ofwords is given. To solve thepuzzle, think of a single word that
goes with each to form a
compound word (or word pair thatfunctions as a compound word).For example, if the given words
are volley,field, and bearing, then
the answer would be ball, becausethe word ballcan be added to
each of the other words to formvolleyball, ballfield, and ball
bearing. Do you understand?
Professor S Marty Pants
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Professor S. Marty Pants
Professor F Fort
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Professor F. Fort
We are going to do morecompound word puzzles. Are
you ready?
Professor F Fort
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Professor F. Fort
Whose class will adopt better
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Whose class will adopt bettermotivation?
Professor S. Marty Pants
or
Professor F. Fort
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/ffximage/2008/04/16/professorlayton_narrowweb__300x642,0.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/news/reviews/professor-layton-and-the-curious-village/2008/04/16/1208025201198.html&usg=__2hbt9LI9SNHwgLdDF7fX92XHMWA=&h=642&w=300&sz=25&hl=en&start=59&sig2=UfbFkgQ9Dz0LORKtfc4eFw&tbnid=7-zB19tRlJlg8M:&tbnh=137&tbnw=64&ei=eEJ3SeDyE43gsAOzx8HIAw&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dprofessor%26start%3D40%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D20%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DNhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://toughpigs.com/uploaded_images/ProfessorHastings-776378.jpg&imgrefurl=http://toughpigs.com/labels/lists.html&usg=__AKpzTPW64MesA4o4Fq7aMX-jC1M=&h=421&w=283&sz=296&hl=en&start=35&sig2=S2oksrlWg1zemQfqztJkEw&tbnid=ZwSgxVQnRrHUVM:&tbnh=125&tbnw=84&ei=VUJ3SbmNKI-QsQOgqIXDAw&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dprofessor%26start%3D20%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D20%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN -
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Prof. Pants Prof. Fort
Praises effort,strategy,
persistence
Praisesintelligence,
ability,
smarts PositiveEnthusiastic
Communicative
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Prof. Pants Prof. Fort
Attempt hard tasks
Give more effort
during struggle
Attempt easy tasks
Quit during struggle
After success,students continue
to work
Carol Dweck (1999) Caution- Praise Can Be Dangerous
Take off
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/ffximage/2008/04/16/professorlayton_narrowweb__300x642,0.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/news/reviews/professor-layton-and-the-curious-village/2008/04/16/1208025201198.html&usg=__2hbt9LI9SNHwgLdDF7fX92XHMWA=&h=642&w=300&sz=25&hl=en&start=59&sig2=UfbFkgQ9Dz0LORKtfc4eFw&tbnid=7-zB19tRlJlg8M:&tbnh=137&tbnw=64&ei=eEJ3SeDyE43gsAOzx8HIAw&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dprofessor%26start%3D40%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D20%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DNhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://toughpigs.com/uploaded_images/ProfessorHastings-776378.jpg&imgrefurl=http://toughpigs.com/labels/lists.html&usg=__AKpzTPW64MesA4o4Fq7aMX-jC1M=&h=421&w=283&sz=296&hl=en&start=35&sig2=S2oksrlWg1zemQfqztJkEw&tbnid=ZwSgxVQnRrHUVM:&tbnh=125&tbnw=84&ei=VUJ3SbmNKI-QsQOgqIXDAw&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dprofessor%26start%3D20%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D20%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN -
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ff
the
trainingwheels!
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Thank you!
Clayton Austin, Ph.D.
(o) 904.358.6623
(m) 904.465.3966
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected] -
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Quality
Autonomy is the octane of
motivation
Controlled
Introjected
Identified
Intrinsic
ControlledYou are motivated because
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Quality
Introjected
Identified
Intrinsic
of the reward/punishment someoneelse gives you
of the reward/punishment you giveyourself (i.e. pride/shame)
of the inherent value of the activityfor yourself
of the sheer joy, interest pleasure ofthe activity
ControlledYou are motivated because
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of the reward/punishment someoneelse gives you
Physical Fitness
to get attention from
romantic interests
.to win
neighborhoodBiggest Loser
Academic Fitness
to get the grade,baby!
.to get
parent/teacherapproval
IntrojectedYou are motivated because
-
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j
of the reward/punishment you giveyourself (i.e. pride/shame)
Diet and Exercise
to feel pride in
appearance
.to feel less
ashamed of othershortcomings
Go to class and study
to feel pride in GPA
.to avoid feelings of
failure
IdentifiedYou are motivated because
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of the inherent value of the activityfor yourself
Diet and Exerciseto be healthy and
live long
.to better live foryourself and loved
ones
Go to class and study
to be educated and
cultured
.to provide for
yourself and lovedones
IntrinsicYou are motivated because
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of the inherent value of the activityfor yourself
Diet and Exercise
for the sheer joyand pleasure of eatingbroccoli and running
Go to class and study
for the sheer joy,
pleasure and interestof learning
Wh f h thi tt ?
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Why fore such things matter?
Physical fitness motivated by therewards and punishments ofextrinsic motivation:
Lots of caffeine/nicotine to suppress appetite
Exercise in ways that increase Wow! factor
Eating lots low-calorie and non-nutritiousfoods to feel full (i.e. pickles and Diet
Mountain Dew)
Result, only the of physical fitnessAPPEARANCE
Wh f h thi tt ?
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Why fore such things matter?
Physical fitness motivated by theautonomy, competence,relatedness of intrinsicmotivation
Avoid abuse of chemicals
Exercise in ways that increase strength,flexibility, and endurance
Eating moderate amounts of low-calorie and
nutritious foods
Result, the of physical fitnessACTUALITY
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Chuck Norris doesnt wear a watch, HE decides what time it is.
Chuck Norris can slam a revolving door.
Chuck Norris can lead a horse to water AND make it drink.
Chuck Norris counted to infinity - twice.Chuck Norris can kill two stones with one bird.
Chuck Norris can eat just one Lay's potato chip.