Download - Making Inferences Using Pictures
Making Inferences Making Inferences Making Inferences Making Inferences Using PicturesUsing PicturesUsing PicturesUsing Pictures
Evidence + Schema = Inference
Evidence (what I see)
Schema (what I know)
Inference (what I figured out)
1
Making inferences from a reading selection is a challenging skill. Sometimes students are unable to decode words, or there are unfamiliar words that convey no immediate meaning. Students who struggle with text have difficulty getting a complete “picture” of what’s going on.
If struggling readers are also trying to learn and practice a new skill, such as making inferences, the whole process can seem overwhelming. One way to simplify instruction is to teach inferences using only picture clues. Pictures can be decoded more quickly and are accessible to all readers.
Once students understand how to find evidenceevidenceevidenceevidence, apply schemaschemaschemaschema, and
Making Inferences Using PicturesMaking Inferences Using PicturesMaking Inferences Using PicturesMaking Inferences Using Pictures
Once students understand how to find evidenceevidenceevidenceevidence, apply schemaschemaschemaschema, and make reasonable inferencesinferencesinferencesinferences, the skill can easily be transferred to written selections.
First, students need to be able to tell what information is directly observed in a picture or graph, or stated in the text. This evidence is the foundation for making inferences.
What’s
happening?Next, students must consider the evidence in relation to their own experience. The evidence might be that the sidewalk is wet. However, unless a student has seen a wet sidewalk after it rains, he or she not be able to make an accurate inference. Using one’s experience, or schema, to understand the evidence is the second step in making inferences
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Finally, students consider both the evidence and their personal schema to understand that the wet sidewalk suggests that it has recently rained. This leap of logic is called an inference.
Making Inferences Using Pictures (cont’d)Making Inferences Using Pictures (cont’d)Making Inferences Using Pictures (cont’d)Making Inferences Using Pictures (cont’d)
More simply stated, inferences are what we figure out based on evidence and personal experience, or schema.
Once students understand how to make inferences using pictures, they will be better able to make inferences using text. This skill is needed for all sorts of school assignments, including reading, science and social studies. Inferential thinking is a complex skill that will continue to develop with additional practice. additional practice.
Now, I get it!
CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.3.7 Use information gained from
illustrations (e.g., maps, photographs) and the words in a
text to demonstrate understanding of the text (e.g.,
where, when, why, and how key events occur).
CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.4.1 Refer to details and examples in a
text when explaining what the text says explicitly and
when drawing inferences from the text.
CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.4.7 Interpret information presented
visually, orally, or quantitatively (e.g., in charts, graphs,
diagrams, time lines, animations, or interactive elements
on Web pages) and explain how the information
contributes to an understanding of the text in which it
appears.
CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.5.1 Quote accurately from a text
when explaining what the text says explicitly and when
drawing inferences from the text.
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Introductory Lesson Worksheets & Answer Keys (4)Introductory Lesson Worksheets & Answer Keys (4)Introductory Lesson Worksheets & Answer Keys (4)Introductory Lesson Worksheets & Answer Keys (4)These worksheets provide a step-by-step introduction to inferences.. Students learn how to make inferences, and practice the skill using three different pictures.
1. What is evidence?What is evidence?What is evidence?What is evidence?► Evidence is a factual detail that you see in a picture or text.
2. What is schema?What is schema?What is schema?What is schema?► Schema is what you already know about the
Inference Packet ContentsInference Packet ContentsInference Packet ContentsInference Packet Contents
► Schema is what you already know about the facts or evidence.
3. What is inference?What is inference?What is inference?What is inference?► An inference is a conclusion or opinion you form from considering evidence (facts) and schema (what you already know).
4. Evidence + Schema = InferenceEvidence + Schema = InferenceEvidence + Schema = InferenceEvidence + Schema = Inference► Students practice differentiating among evidence, schema, and inferences using pictures.
Inference Worksheet & Answer Key (1)Inference Worksheet & Answer Key (1)Inference Worksheet & Answer Key (1)Inference Worksheet & Answer Key (1)This worksheet provides practice identifying evidence, adding schema, and making inferences using pictures of five familiar items.
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Inference Practice & Answer Key (3)Inference Practice & Answer Key (3)Inference Practice & Answer Key (3)Inference Practice & Answer Key (3)These worksheets each use the same picture to guide students through the steps needed for making inferences.
1. What is an inference?What is an inference?What is an inference?What is an inference?► Students identify five facts, or evidence, from the picture.
2. What do you know about the evidence?What do you know about the evidence?What do you know about the evidence?What do you know about the evidence?► Students tell what they know (schema) about the evidence they’ve collected.
3. What can I infer about what’s happening?What can I infer about what’s happening?What can I infer about what’s happening?What can I infer about what’s happening?
Inference Packet Contents (cont’d)Inference Packet Contents (cont’d)Inference Packet Contents (cont’d)Inference Packet Contents (cont’d)
3. What can I infer about what’s happening?What can I infer about what’s happening?What can I infer about what’s happening?What can I infer about what’s happening?► Students make logical assumptions (inferences) based on the evidence and their schema.
Practice Making Inferences & Answer Key Practice Making Inferences & Answer Key Practice Making Inferences & Answer Key Practice Making Inferences & Answer Key (3)(3)(3)(3)These worksheets provide independent practice identifying evidence, adding schema, and making inferences. Each worksheet uses a different picture.
1. Practice Making Inferences 1Practice Making Inferences 1Practice Making Inferences 1Practice Making Inferences 1► Group of people paddling down a river.
2. Practice Making Inferences 2Practice Making Inferences 2Practice Making Inferences 2Practice Making Inferences 2► Horse-drawn touring carriage outside historical building
3. Practice Making Inferences 3Practice Making Inferences 3Practice Making Inferences 3Practice Making Inferences 3► Service dog holding an American flag in its mouth at a parade
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Inference Skills Sheets & Answer Keys (3)Inference Skills Sheets & Answer Keys (3)Inference Skills Sheets & Answer Keys (3)Inference Skills Sheets & Answer Keys (3)These three worksheets give students practice independently identifying evidence, adding schema, and making inferences. Students have only one response area in which to logically explain the inferences they made including support of evidence and schema. Each worksheet uses a different picture.
1. Inference Skill Sheet 1Inference Skill Sheet 1Inference Skill Sheet 1Inference Skill Sheet 1► Illustration from The Wizard of Oz
2. Inference Skill Sheet 2Inference Skill Sheet 2Inference Skill Sheet 2Inference Skill Sheet 2► Photograph of a police car patrolling a flooded road
Inference Packet Contents (cont’d)Inference Packet Contents (cont’d)Inference Packet Contents (cont’d)Inference Packet Contents (cont’d)
► Photograph of a police car patrolling a flooded road3. Inference Skill Sheet 3Inference Skill Sheet 3Inference Skill Sheet 3Inference Skill Sheet 3
► Illustration of a doctor reading a report to a patient
Inference Assessments & Answer Keys (2)Inference Assessments & Answer Keys (2)Inference Assessments & Answer Keys (2)Inference Assessments & Answer Keys (2)These assessments require students to study a photograph and then read a group of details to correctly identify which are evidence, schema, and inference.
1. Evidence, Schema, and Inference: Assessment 1Evidence, Schema, and Inference: Assessment 1Evidence, Schema, and Inference: Assessment 1Evidence, Schema, and Inference: Assessment 1► Photograph of a woman knocking down all the bowling pins
2. Evidence, Schema, and Inference: Assessment 1Evidence, Schema, and Inference: Assessment 1Evidence, Schema, and Inference: Assessment 1Evidence, Schema, and Inference: Assessment 1► Photograph of people taking part in a modern-day Medieval-themed activity
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WHAT IS EVIDENCE?► Evidence is a factual detail that you see in a picture or text.
Directions: Look carefully at the picture below. Print an “E” in front of the
set of details that is “evidence.”
Name _________________________________________________________________________________
_____ 1. this is probably a baseball game; teammates cheer as a
baseball player is sliding into home and the catcher attempts
to catch the ball
_____ 2. there are five people playing a game; one is on the
ground and four have their arms in the air; the person trying
to catch the ball is wearing a uniform, cap, and special shoes
_____ 3. the outfits look like our Little League baseball
uniforms; the catcher is wearing a special mitt that’s usually
used when playing baseball; baseball players sometimes
slide in the dirt when they leap toward the home plate
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WHAT IS EVIDENCE?► Evidence is a factual detail that you see in a picture or text.
Directions: Look carefully at the picture below. Print an “E” in front of the
set of details that is “evidence.”
Name _________________________________________________________________________________Answer Key
_____ 1. this is probably a baseball game; teammates cheer as a
baseball player is sliding into home and the catcher attempts
to catch the ball (inference)
__E__ 2. there are five people playing a game; one is on the
ground and four have their arms in the air; the person trying
to catch the ball is wearing a uniform, cap, and special shoes
_____ 3. the outfits look like our Little League baseball
uniforms; the catcher is wearing a special mitt that’s usually
used when playing baseball; baseball players sometimes
slide in the dirt when they leap toward the home plate (schema)
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WHAT IS SCHEMA?
► Evidence is a factual detail that you see in a picture or text.
► Schema is what you already know about the facts or evidence.
Directions: Look carefully at each picture below. Print an “S” in front of the set of
details that is schema.
Name _________________________________________________________________________________
_____ 1. our dog has to wait in the car when we go someplace
public where they don’t allow animals; untrained dogs often try
to jump out of cars if the windows are left completely open
_____ 2. a dog is sitting in a parked car looking out the open window
on the driver’s side
_____ 3. a well-trained dog is waiting in a parked car while the driver
probably goes somewhere that the dog is not allowed to go
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WHAT IS SCHEMA?
► Evidence is a factual detail that you see in a picture or text.
► Schema is what you already know about the facts or evidence.
Directions: Look carefully at each picture below. Print an “S” in front of the set of
details that is schema.
Name _________________________________________________________________________________Answer Key
__S__ 1. our dog has to wait in the car when we go someplace
public where they don’t allow animals; untrained dogs often try
to jump out of cars if the windows are left completely open
_____ 2. a dog is sitting in a parked car looking out the open window
on the driver’s side (evidence)
_____ 3. a well-trained dog is waiting in a parked car while the driver
probably goes somewhere that the dog is not allowed to go(inference)
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WHAT IS AN INFERENCE?
► Evidence is a factual detail that you see in a picture or text.
► Schema is what you already know about the facts or evidence.
► An inference is a conclusion or opinion you form from considering
evidence (facts) and schema (what you already know).
Directions: Look carefully at the picture below. Print an “I” in front of the set of
details that states inferences.
Name _________________________________________________________________________________
_____ 1. a man with a wide-brimmed hat and microphone is standing on a raised
platform; a woman’s arm is reaching toward the man; someone is holding up a
round, white cap; another person has something sewed on the left shoulder of his
shirt
_____ 2. a male, country singer is reaching out to touch a fan’s hand at a music concert
for men and women serving in the military
_____ 3. when one person is on a platform raised above everyone else in a room, it’s
usually a stage; when there are lots of people focused on someone standing on a
stage, that person is usually a performer of some sort; the man’s hat looks like the
kind of hat cowboys might wear; country singers sometimes wear cowboy hats:
some of the people watching the man are wearing clothing that looks like
uniforms I’ve seen people who are in the military wear
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WHAT IS AN INFERENCE?
► Evidence is a factual detail that you see in a picture or text.
► Schema is what you already know about the facts or evidence.
► An inference is a conclusion or opinion you form from considering
evidence (facts) and schema (what you already know).
Directions: Look carefully at the picture below. Print an “I” in front of the set of
details that states inferences.
Name _________________________________________________________________________________Answer Key
_____ 1. a man with a wide-brimmed hat and microphone is standing on a raised
platform; a woman’s arm is reaching toward the man; someone is holding up a
round, white cap; another person has something sewed on the left shoulder of his
shirt (evidence)
__I__ 2. a male, country singer is reaching out to touch a fan’s hand at a music concert
for men and women serving in the military
_____ 3. when one person is on a platform raised above everyone else in a room, it’s
usually a stage; when there are lots of people focused on someone standing on a
stage, that person is usually a performer of some sort; the man’s hat looks like the
kind of hat cowboys might wear; country singers sometimes wear cowboy hats:
some of the people watching the man are wearing clothing that looks like
uniforms I’ve seen people who are in the military wear (schema)
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Evidence + Schema = Inference
► Evidence is a factual detail that you see in a picture or text.
► Schema is what you know already about the facts or evidence.
► An inference is a conclusion or opinion you form from considering
evidence (facts) and schema (what you already know).
Directions: Look carefully at each picture below. Print the correct letter in
front of each detail: E for evidence, S for schema, and I for inference.
_____ 1. this is probably a baseball game
_____ 2. the person trying to catch the ball is
wearing a uniform and cap
_____ 3. the outfits look like our Little League
baseball uniforms
Name _________________________________________________________________________________
_____ 4. untrained dogs often try to jump out of
cars if the windows are left completely open
_____ 5. a dog is sitting in a parked car is looking
out the open window on the driver’s side
_____ 6. a well-trained dog is waiting for its owner
in a parked car
_____ 7. a man with a wide-brimmed hat and
microphone is standing on a raised platform
_____ 8. a male, country singer is reaching out to
touch a fan’s hand at a concert
_____ 9. when one person is on a raised platform
facing an audience, they’re usually performing
on a stage
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Evidence + Schema = Inference
► Evidence is a factual detail that you see in a picture or text.
► Schema is what you know already about the facts or evidence.
► An inference is a conclusion or opinion you form from considering
evidence (facts) and schema (what you already know).
Directions: Look carefully at each picture below. Print the correct letter in
front of each detail: E for evidence, S for schema, and I for inference.
__I__ 1. this is probably a baseball game
__E__ 2. the person trying to catch the ball is
wearing a uniform and cap
__S__ 3. the outfits look like our Little League
baseball uniforms
Name _________________________________________________________________________________Answer Key
__S__ 4. untrained dogs often try to jump out of
cars if the windows are left completely open
__E__ 5. a dog is sitting in a parked car is looking
out the open window on the driver’s side
__I__ 6. a well-trained dog is waiting for its owner
in a parked car
__E__ 7. a man with a wide-brimmed hat and
microphone is standing on a raised platform
__I__ 8. a male, country singer is reaching out to
touch a fan’s hand at a concert
__S__ 9. when one person is on a raised platform
facing an audience, they’re usually performing
on a stage
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What I See
(Evidence)
What I Know (Schema) Inference
1. speedometer 1. they measure how fast things go;
I’ve seen them in cars; the meter goes
up to 80 mph
1. the speedometer is
probably from a car or boat
2. uncooked,
broken egg
2. eggs are eaten without the shell and
the egg looks raw; most people break
2. this egg probably fell by
mistake
An inference is a conclusion or opinion that is formed because of known facts or
evidence. Learning to make inferences is fun. First you look for clues, or bits of
information that seem important. Next, you think about everything you already
know about those clues. Finally, you use the facts you have and what you know
about those facts, to figure out what’s going on in the picture or text.
Name ____________________________________________________________________________
INFERENCE
Directions: Look at the numbered pictures below. Fill in the chart with details about what
you see, what you know, and what you can infer. The first two have been done for you.
broken egg the egg looks raw; most people break
eggs over a bowl or pan
mistake
3. 3. 3.
4. 4. 4.
5. 5. 5.
1
2
3
4
5
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15
What I See
(Evidence)
What I Know (Schema) Inference
1. speedometer 1. they measure how fast things go;
I’ve seen them in cars; the meter goes
up to 80 mph
1. the speedometer is
probably from a car or boat
2. uncooked,
broken egg
2. eggs are eaten without the shell and
the egg looks raw; most people break
2. this egg probably fell by
mistake
An inference is a conclusion or opinion that is formed because of known facts or
evidence. Learning to make inferences is fun. First you look for clues, or bits of
information that seem important. Next, you think about everything you already
know about those clues. Finally, you use the facts you have and what you know
about those facts, to figure out what’s going on in the picture or text.
Name ____________________________________________________________________________
INFERENCE
Directions: Look at the numbered pictures below. Fill in the chart with details about what
you see, what you know, and what you can infer. The first two have been done for you.
Answer Key (answers will vary)
broken egg the egg looks raw; most people break
eggs over a bowl or pan
mistake
3. personwearing an
apron and puffy hat
while picking up a pot
3. cooks wear aprons and chef hats
like that; pots usually contain food like
soup or sauce
3. this person is probably a
chef who has cooked
something that is in the pot
4. blue car with smoke
coming from the front;
angry looking man
4. smoke from the engine usually means
something overheated; at times drivers
get angry when cars break down
4. the driver is angry that his
car is overheated or broken
down
5. small, blue box
with a heart and
chain inside
5. jewelry boxes can be small; the
necklace has a heart pendant, usually
girls wear heart jewelry; hearts = love
5. maybe this necklace is a
gift for a girl to show how
much the giver loves her
1
2
3
4
5
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16
WHAT IS AN INFERENCE?
An inference is a conclusion or opinion that is formed because of known facts or
evidence. Learning to make inferences is fun. First you look for clues, or bits of
information that seem important. Next, you think about everything you already
know about those clues. Finally, you use the facts you have and what you know
about those facts, to figure out what’s going on in the picture or text.
Directions: Look carefully at the picture below. Write down specific details about things
you see (evidence) in the picture. Need more room? Write on the back of this paper.
Name _________________________________________________________________________________
1. ______________________________________________
2. ______________________________________________
3. ______________________________________________
4. ______________________________________________
5. ______________________________________________
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WHAT IS AN INFERENCE?
An inference is a conclusion or opinion that is formed because of known facts or
evidence. Learning to make inferences is fun. First you look for clues, or bits of
information that seem important. Next, you think about everything you already
know about those clues. Finally, you use the facts you have and what you know
about those facts, to figure out what’s going on in the picture or text.
Directions: Look carefully at the picture below. Write down specific details about things
you see (evidence) in the picture. Need more room? Write on the back of this paper.
Name _________________________________________________________________________________Answer Key (answers will vary)
1. ______________________________________________
2. ______________________________________________
3. ______________________________________________
4. ______________________________________________
5. ______________________________________________
child with his chin resting on fists
person outside with an open umbrella
baseball on the floor by the child
rain falling outside
no socks on child’s feet
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What do you know about the evidence?
After you list the specific things you see (evidence), you need to tell what
you know (schema) about the clues you’ve gathered.
Directions: Study the clues or evidence listed on the chart below. Next to each detail tell
what you know (schema). The first two details on the chart have been filled in as examples.
Name _________________________________________________________________________________
What I See (Evidence) What I Know (Schema)
1. child with his chin resting on fists 1. sitting like that usually means that
a person is upset, tired, or thinking
about something serious
2. person outside with an open
umbrella
2. people hold open umbrellas over
their heads to stay dry when it’s
raining
3. rain coming down outside 3.
4. baseball on the floor by the child 4.
5. paper on the floor by the baseball 5.
6. curtains hanging on the windows 6.
7. no socks on child’s feet 7.
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What do you know about the evidence?
After you list the specific things you see (evidence), you need to tell what
you know (schema) about the clues you’ve gathered.
Directions: Study the clues or evidence listed on the chart below. Next to each detail tell
what you know (schema). The first two details on the chart have been filled in as examples.
Name _________________________________________________________________________________Answer Key (answers will vary)
What I See (Evidence) What I Know (Schema)
1. child with his chin resting on fists 1. sitting like that usually means that
a person is upset, tired, or thinking
about something serious
2. person outside with an open
umbrella
2. people hold open umbrellasover their
heads to stay dry when it’s raining
3. rain coming down outside 3. when it rainsthe ground gets wet
4. baseball on the floor by the child 4. people usually play with baseballs
outside, not inside
5. paper on the floor by the baseball 5. paper is used for art, writing notes,
and report cards
6. curtains hanging on the windows 6. curtainsare used inside to cover windows
7. no socks on child’s feet 7. sometimes people wear slippers without socks
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What can I infer about what’s happening?
Finally, use evidence and schema to figure out (infer) what’s going on in the picture or text.
Directions: Using the specific things seen (evidence) and known (schema),
what inferences could be made? Two are filled in as examples.
What I See
(Evidence)
What I Know (Schema) Inference
1. child with his
chin resting on
1. sitting like that usually means
that a person is upset, tired, or
1.
Name _________________________________________________________________________________
chin resting on
fists
that a person is upset, tired, or
thinking about something serious
2. person
outside with an
open umbrella
2. people hold open umbrellas
over their heads to stay dry when
it’s raining
2.
3. rain coming
down outside
3. when it rains the ground gets
wet
3. the child probably
can’t play baseball
because it’s raining
4. baseball on
the floor
4. people usually play with
baseballs outside, not inside
4.
5. paper on the
floor
5. paper is used for art, writing
notes, and report cards
5. maybe he was
drawing and got bored
6. curtains on
window
6. curtains are used inside to
cover windows
6.
7. no socks on
child’s feet
7. sometimes people wear
slippers without socks
7.
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What can I infer about what’s happening?
Finally, use evidence and schema to figure out (infer) what’s going on in the picture or text.
Directions: Using the specific things seen (evidence) and known (schema),
what inferences could be made? Two are filled in as examples.
What I See
(Evidence)
What I Know (Schema) Inference
1. child with his
chin resting on
1. sitting like that usually means
that a person is upset, tired, or
1. the child is sad
Name _________________________________________________________________________________Answer Key (answers will vary)
chin resting on
fists
that a person is upset, tired, or
thinking about something serious
2. person
outside with an
open umbrella
2. people hold open umbrellas
over their heads to stay dry when
it’s raining
2. it’s raining hard
outside
3. rain coming
down outside
3. when it rains the ground gets
wet
3. the child probably
can’t play baseball
because it’s raining
4. baseball on
the floor
4. people usually play with
baseballs outside, not inside
4. the child has the baseball
near hoping the rain will clear
5. paper on the
floor
5. paper is used for art, writing
notes, and report cards
5. maybe he/she was
drawing and got bored
6. curtains on
window
6. curtains are used inside to
cover windows
6. the curtainsare open because
the child was looking outside
7. no socks on
child’s feet
7. sometimes people wear
slippers without socks
7. the child plans to stay inside
so he/she is wearing slippers
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Practice Making Inferences 1
An inference is a conclusion or opinion that is formed because of known facts or evidence.
Learning to make inferences is fun. First you look for clues, or bits of information that seem
important. Next, you think about everything you already know about those clues. Finally,
you use the facts you have and what you know about those facts, to figure out what’s going
on in the picture or text.
Directions: Look carefully at the picture and then write down what you see
(evidence), what you know (schema), and what you figured out about what’s going on
in the picture (inference).
Name _________________________________________________________________________________
What I See
(Evidence)
What I Know
(Schema)
Inference
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Practice Making Inferences 1
An inference is a conclusion or opinion that is formed because of known facts or evidence.
Learning to make inferences is fun. First you look for clues, or bits of information that seem
important. Next, you think about everything you already know about those clues. Finally,
you use the facts you have and what you know about those facts, to figure out what’s going
on in the picture or text.
Directions: Look carefully at the picture and then write down what you see
(evidence), what you know (schema), and what you figured out about what’s going on
in the picture (inference).
Name _________________________________________________________________________________Answer Key (answers will vary)
What I See
(Evidence)
an orange boat with a man and girl sitting in it; a second,
yellow boat in the distance; all the people are looking in
the direction the boats seem to be moving; paddles
with oars on both ends; water surrounded by trees; at
least three of the four people are wearing lifejackets
What I Know
(Schema)
the boats look like canoes; the water and trees
look more like a river than a lake or the ocean;
the girl isn’t paddling and she’s smiling, so
maybe this is a recreational activity
Inference
four people on vacation are paddling their
canoes along a river
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Practice Making Inferences 2An inference is a conclusion or opinion that is formed because of known facts or
evidence. Learning to make inferences is fun. First you look for clues, or bits of
information that seem important. Next, you think about everything you already know
about those clues. Finally, you use the facts you have and what you know about those
facts, to figure out what’s going on in the picture or text.
Directions: Look carefully at the picture and then write down what you see
(evidence), what you know (schema), and what you figured out about what’s going on
in the picture (inference).
Name _________________________________________________________________________________
What I See
(Evidence)
What I Know
(Schema)
Inference
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Practice Making Inferences 2An inference is a conclusion or opinion that is formed because of known facts or
evidence. Learning to make inferences is fun. First you look for clues, or bits of
information that seem important. Next, you think about everything you already know
about those clues. Finally, you use the facts you have and what you know about those
facts, to figure out what’s going on in the picture or text.
Directions: Look carefully at the picture and then write down what you see
(evidence), what you know (schema), and what you figured out about what’s going on
in the picture (inference).
Name _________________________________________________________________________________Answer Key (answers will vary)
What I See
(Evidence)
an open carriage with four old-fashioned wheels;
a white horse connected to the front of the
carriage; an old-fashioned, white building in the
background; a yellow car behind the carriage
What I Know
(Schema)
the building may be old, but the carriage must be new
because there is a car in the picture and cars were
manufactured long after carriages were the main mode
of transportation; this looks like a carriage that people
rent to take tours in historical or scenic locations
Inference
this old-fashioned, horse-drawn carriage is used
to take people on tours around an historical
location like Charleston or Atlanta
Lessons4Now © 2013 * All Rights Reserved * Single Classroom Use Only 26
Practice Making Inferences 3An inference is a conclusion or opinion that is formed because of known facts or evidence.
Learning to make inferences is fun. First you look for clues, or bits of information that seem
important. Next, you think about everything you already know about those clues. Finally,
you use the facts you have and what you know about those facts, to figure out what’s going
on in the picture or text.
Directions: Look carefully at the picture and then write down what you see
(evidence), what you know (schema), and what you figured out about what’s going on
in the picture (inference).
Name _________________________________________________________________________________
What I See
(Evidence)
What I Know
(Schema)
Inference
Lessons4Now © 2013 * All Rights Reserved * Single Classroom Use Only 27
Practice Making Inferences 3An inference is a conclusion or opinion that is formed because of known facts or evidence.
Learning to make inferences is fun. First you look for clues, or bits of information that seem
important. Next, you think about everything you already know about those clues. Finally,
you use the facts you have and what you know about those facts, to figure out what’s going
on in the picture or text.
Directions: Look carefully at the picture and then write down what you see
(evidence), what you know (schema), and what you figured out about what’s going on
in the picture (inference).
Name _________________________________________________________________________________Answer Key (answers will vary)
What I See
(Evidence)
a dog with an American flag in its mouth; a collar
around its neck and a strap across its chest; legs of
at least two people standing nearby; buildings and a
stoplight in the background
What I Know
(Schema)
It looks like a city along a busy road; dogs and
people don’t usually carry flags unless it’s a
special patriotic holiday; the straps look like
harnesses I’ve seen on service dogs who help
people with disabilities
Inference
the dog could be someone’s service dog who is with
its owner who is watching a downtown parade on
Veteran’s Day, the Fourth of July, or Memorial Day
Lessons4Now © 2013 * All Rights Reserved * Single Classroom Use Only 28
Inference Skill Sheet 1
An inference is a conclusion or opinion that is formed using evidence and schema.
Directions: Look carefully at the picture and then tell what inference ,or inferences,
you can make. Give specific details about the evidence and schema you used to make
each inference.
Name _________________________________________________________________________________
Evidence + Schema = Inference
Lessons4Now © 2013 * All Rights Reserved * Single Classroom Use Only 29
Inference Skill Sheet 1
An inference is a conclusion or opinion that is formed using evidence and schema.
Directions: Look carefully at the picture and then tell what inference ,or inferences,
you can make. Give specific details about the evidence and schema you used to make
each inference.
Name _________________________________________________________________________________Answer Key (answers will vary)
Evidence + Schema = Inference
This looks like an illustration from the book ,The Wizard of Oz. I
think this because that book was written a long time ago, and the
picture looks kind of old-fashioned. Also, I think the characters are
the same as the ones in the movie, The Wizard of Oz, that I
watched with my family. I see the Tin Man, the Scarecrow, the
Cowardly Lion, the dog, Toto, and Dorothy carrying a basket. Also, I
notice there is a brick road just like from the song, “Follow the
Yellow Brick Road.”
Lessons4Now © 2013 * All Rights Reserved * Single Classroom Use Only 30
Inference Skill Sheet 2
An inference is a conclusion or opinion that is formed using evidence and schema.
Directions: Look carefully at the picture and then tell what inference ,or inferences,
you can make. Give specific details about the evidence and schema you used to make
each inference.
Name _________________________________________________________________________________
Evidence + Schema = Inference
Lessons4Now © 2013 * All Rights Reserved * Single Classroom Use Only 31
Inference Skill Sheet 2
An inference is a conclusion or opinion that is formed using evidence and schema.
Directions: Look carefully at the picture and then tell what inference ,or inferences,
you can make. Give specific details about the evidence and schema you used to make
each inference.
Name _________________________________________________________________________________Answer Key (answers will vary)
Evidence + Schema = Inference
I think the road is flooded and the police have come to investigate. I think this
because the water seems to be covering one whole lane, and then crosses
over the middle line into the left lane, too. It’s not raining in the picture, so
it’s unlikely that the road is just wet from rain. Also, roads are usually not
covered with large amounts of standing water, so it seems like a river or lake
nearby may have overflowed. I can tell it’s a police car because there is a
shield on the right, passenger door, and there’s a dark bank going from the
front to the back of the car. This car looks like police cruisers in our
community.
Lessons4Now © 2013 * All Rights Reserved * Single Classroom Use Only 32
Inference Skill Sheet 3
An inference is a conclusion or opinion that is formed using evidence and schema.
Directions: Look carefully at the picture and then tell what inference ,or inferences,
you can make. Give specific details about the evidence and schema you used to make
each inference.
Name _________________________________________________________________________________
Evidence + Schema = Inference
Lessons4Now © 2013 * All Rights Reserved * Single Classroom Use Only 33
Inference Skill Sheet 3
An inference is a conclusion or opinion that is formed using evidence and schema.
Directions: Look carefully at the picture and then tell what inference ,or inferences,
you can make. Give specific details about the evidence and schema you used to make
each inference.
Name _________________________________________________________________________________Answer Key (answers will vary)
Evidence + Schema = Inference
I think a doctor is giving some information to a patient. I think this because
there is a desk between the men, and the framed pictures on the walls look
like they have seals and signatures. My mom’s college diploma looks like
that. Our doctor has her diplomas hanging on the wall behind her desk, so
that’s what made me think the man with the paper was a doctor. Also, the
man behind the desk has a round thing the hangs below his collar. That
looks like it might be a stethoscope. Stethoscopes are used by doctors to
listen to patient’s hearts. I think the paper might be a medical report. I
think this because both men look serious, not like they’re talking casually or
having fun.
Lessons4Now © 2013 * All Rights Reserved * Single Classroom Use Only 34
Evidence, Schema, and Inference: Assessment 1
An inference is a conclusion or opinion that is formed because of known
facts or evidence. Learning to make inferences is fun. First you look for
clues, or bits of information that seem important. Next, you think about
everything you already know about those clues. Finally, you use the facts
you have to figure out what’s going on in the picture or text.
Directions: Look carefully at the picture. Study each statement and decide whether it’s
evidence (what you see), schema (what you know), or inference (what you figure out
using evidence and schema). Print E for evidence, S for schema, and I for Inference.
Name _________________________________________________________________________________
___ 1. a person jumping
___ 2. bowling alleys have
bowling pins and bowling lanes
___ 3. countries usually only
display their own flagdisplay their own flag
___ 4. an Australian flag
___ 5. bowling lanes
___ 6. this is probably a bowling
alley
___ 7. countries usually only
display their own flag
___ 8. bowling pins painted on
the wall
___ 9. bowling alleys have bowling pins and bowling lanes
___ 10. this bowling alley is probably in Australia
___ 11. my dad jumps and hollers when he knocks over a lot of
bowling pins
___ 12. this person is jumping for joy because he or she probably
knocked down a lot, or all of the pins
___ 13. person’s arms are flung out above his or her head
Lessons4Now © 2013 * All Rights Reserved * Single Classroom Use Only 35
Evidence, Schema, and Inference: Assessment 1
An inference is a conclusion or opinion that is formed because of known
facts or evidence. Learning to make inferences is fun. First you look for
clues, or bits of information that seem important. Next, you think about
everything you already know about those clues. Finally, you use the facts
you have to figure out what’s going on in the picture or text.
Directions: Look carefully at the picture. Study each statement and decide whether it’s
evidence (what you see), schema (what you know), or inference (what you figure out
using evidence and schema). Print E for evidence, S for schema, and I for Inference.
Name _________________________________________________________________________________
_E_ 1. a person jumping
_S_ 2. bowling alleys have
bowling pins and bowling lanes
_S_ 3. countries usually only
display their own flag
_E_ 4. an Australian flag
Answer Key
_E_ 4. an Australian flag
_E_ 5. bowling lanes
_I_ 6. this is probably a bowling
alley
_S_ 7. countries usually only
display their own flag
_E_ 8. bowling pins painted on
the wall
_S_ 9. bowling alleys have bowling pins and bowling lanes
_I_ 10. this bowling alley is probably in Australia
_S_ 11. my dad jumps and hollers when he knocks over a lot of
bowling pins
_I_ 12. this person is jumping for joy because he or she probably
knocked down a lot, or all of the pins
_E_ 13. person’s arms are flung out above his or her head
Lessons4Now © 2013 * All Rights Reserved * Single Classroom Use Only 36
Evidence, Schema, and Inference: Assessment 2An inference is a conclusion or opinion that is formed because of known
facts or evidence. Learning to make inferences is fun. First you look for
clues, or bits of information that seem important. Next, you think about
everything you already know about those clues. Finally, you use the facts
you have to figure out what’s going on in the picture or text.
Directions: Look carefully at the picture. Study each statement and decide whether it’s
evidence (what you see), schema (what you know), or inference (what you figure out
using evidence and schema). Print E for evidence, S for schema, and I for Inference.
Name _________________________________________________________________________________
___ 1. people riding horses
___ 2. historical people and cars don’t seem like they belong together
___ 3. the riders’ outfits are old-fashioned, but the cars are modern
___ 4. jousting poles and metal helmets
___ 5. trailers and cars are parked behind the horses and people
___ 6. the people are probably modern-day people in costume
___ 7. in Medieval times, people jousted with poles and wore helmets
___ 8. old-fashioned, design is sewn on the horse’s decorated blanket
___ 9. cars and campers can only exist in current times
___ 10. the people on horses are probably pretending to joust
___ 11. people sometimes dress in costumes to put on shows
___ 12. the riders are probably performing for an audience or competing in
a modern-day Medieval-themed contest of some sort
___ 13. there is a modern-looking gate between the horses and cars
Lessons4Now © 2013 * All Rights Reserved * Single Classroom Use Only 37
Evidence, Schema, and Inference: Assessment 2An inference is a conclusion or opinion that is formed because of known
facts or evidence. Learning to make inferences is fun. First you look for
clues, or bits of information that seem important. Next, you think about
everything you already know about those clues. Finally, you use the facts
you have to figure out what’s going on in the picture or text.
Directions: Look carefully at the picture. Study each statement and decide whether it’s
evidence (what you see), schema (what you know), or inference (what you figure out
using evidence and schema). Print E for evidence, S for schema, and I for Inference.
Name _________________________________________________________________________________Answer Key
_E_ 1. people riding horses
_S_ 2. historical people and cars don’t seem like they belong together
_E_ 3. the riders’ outfits are old-fashioned, but the cars are modern
_E_ 4. jousting poles and metal helmets
_E_ 5. trailers and cars are parked behind the horses and people
_I_ 6. the people are probably modern-day people in costume
_S_ 7. in Medieval times, people jousted with poles and wore helmets
_E_ 8. old-fashioned, design is sewn on the horse’s decorated blanket
_S_ 9. cars and campers can only exist in current times
_ I _ 10. the people on horses are probably pretending to joust
_S_ 11. people sometimes dress in costumes to put on shows
_ I _ 12. the riders are probably performing for an audience or competing in
a modern-day Medieval-themed contest of some sort
_E_ 13. there is a modern-looking gate between the horses and cars
Lessons4Now © 2013 * All Rights Reserved * Single Classroom Use Only 38
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