Manifest Destiny & Westward Manifest Destiny & Westward ExpansionExpansion

Miss SpringbornMiss Springborn

Team 6- Social StudiesTeam 6- Social Studies

How do we gain all the land How do we gain all the land from the Atlantic to the Pacific? from the Atlantic to the Pacific?

What is Manifest Destiny ?What is Manifest Destiny ?

•The belief that the United States The belief that the United States should should “expand ocean to “expand ocean to ocean.”ocean.”

Manifest DestinyManifest Destiny

• ““The American The American claim is by the claim is by the right of our right of our manifest destiny manifest destiny to overspread and to overspread and possess the whole possess the whole of the continent…”of the continent…”- - John O’SullivanJohn O’Sullivan

WHY?WHY?

•People living in our country People living in our country thought that we were a special thought that we were a special nation and therefore nation and therefore destined destined to spread across the to spread across the continentcontinent..

The Louisiana PurchaseThe Louisiana Purchase

Louisiana Purchase- Louisiana Purchase- October 20October 20thth 1803 1803

• Why- United States Why- United States was scared was scared France France would not let us would not let us use the port city of use the port city of New Orleans.New Orleans.

• SoSo…. President …. President JeffersonJefferson offers to offers to buy the land from buy the land from FranceFrance. .

Cost of the Louisiana Cost of the Louisiana PurchasePurchase

• It cost It cost $15 million$15 million and and doubleddoubled the the size of the United States. size of the United States.

• In 1804 the cost was $0.03 a square In 1804 the cost was $0.03 a square mile mile

• In 2008, the Equivalent cost was In 2008, the Equivalent cost was about $2.57 per square mile.about $2.57 per square mile.– Was this a Good Deal for the Was this a Good Deal for the

United States???United States???

Lewis and ClarkLewis and Clark

• Americans Americans knew knew very little very little about about this new land.this new land.

• Lewis and Clark Lewis and Clark were sent out to were sent out to explore the new explore the new territory with the territory with the help of help of Sacagawea.Sacagawea.

A Mission of DiscoveryA Mission of Discovery

• Lewis and Clark kept Lewis and Clark kept journals describing journals describing the the people, places, people, places, plants and plants and animalsanimals they saw: they saw:– Rocky MountainsRocky Mountains– Huge herds of Huge herds of

Buffalo, Elk and DeerBuffalo, Elk and Deer– New PlantsNew Plants– Many Native GroupsMany Native Groups

The War of 1812The War of 1812

• Who?- this is Who?- this is between between AmericaAmerica and and Great BritainGreat Britain..

War Again?War Again?•President President MadisonMadison declares declares

war under pressure of war under pressure of War War HawksHawks in Congress because in Congress because Great Britain was ignoring our Great Britain was ignoring our neutralityneutrality (staying out of (staying out of foreign affairs).foreign affairs).

Important details:Important details:•Many battles take place along Many battles take place along

the the CanadianCanadian border. border.

•Both Buffalo and Both Buffalo and WashingtonWashington are burned to the ground by the are burned to the ground by the British and United States burns British and United States burns York York ((TorontoToronto).).

FloridaFlorida

• Many People Many People wanted to settle in wanted to settle in this area, but it was this area, but it was owned by owned by Spain.Spain.

• Additionally there Additionally there were manywere many Seminole Seminole Indians Indians in this area who in this area who were hostile.were hostile.

FloridaFlorida• In April 1818, General In April 1818, General

Andrew JacksonAndrew Jackson invades invades Florida (1Florida (1stst Seminole War) Seminole War)

• Jackson takes over all of Jackson takes over all of Florida without Florida without permissionpermission from President from President MonroeMonroe..

• Jackson’s presence in Jackson’s presence in Florida convinced Spanish Florida convinced Spanish to sign the Adams-Onis to sign the Adams-Onis Treaty. Treaty.

• U.S. gets U.S. gets Florida.Florida.

Monroe Doctrine:Monroe Doctrine:• Warning to all of Warning to all of EuropeEurope

– All of North and South America was All of North and South America was CLOSED to CLOSED to colonizationcolonization (settling by (settling by other nations).other nations).

• Written by President Written by President Monroe.Monroe.

European ReactionEuropean Reaction

•Many European nations were Many European nations were angryangry because the US was because the US was standing up to them.standing up to them.

•The Europeans also used the The Europeans also used the colonies as a source of colonies as a source of Raw Raw Materials.Materials.

The Oregon TrailThe Oregon Trail

•Path that stretched Path that stretched 2,0002,000 miles miles west through the west through the Rocky MtsRocky Mts..

•An average trip lasted An average trip lasted 6 months6 months. .

•Travelers went from dawn till dusk. Travelers went from dawn till dusk.

•ThousandsThousands of Americans made of Americans made the journey.the journey.

Oregon a State ?Oregon a State ?• Americans living in Oregon Americans living in Oregon

wanted to become a statewanted to become a state• Expansionists wanted to Expansionists wanted to

control all of the land north control all of the land north until the 54until the 54thth parallel. parallel. Settlers used the slogan…Settlers used the slogan…– ““Fifty-Four, Forty or Fifty-Four, Forty or

FightFight!”!”

• Eventually war was avoided Eventually war was avoided and the Treaty of Oregon and the Treaty of Oregon was signed, settling at the was signed, settling at the 4949thth parallel.parallel.

Texas War for IndependenceTexas War for Independence

•When?- starts in October 1835- When?- starts in October 1835- Ends in April 1836… lasted Ends in April 1836… lasted 77 months. months.

The Texas War for The Texas War for IndependenceIndependence

•Why Did It Happen?Why Did It Happen?– American settlers living in American settlers living in

Texas were being controlled by Texas were being controlled by MexicoMexico. .

– They wanted their They wanted their independence and refused to independence and refused to become citizens of become citizens of MexicoMexico..

What happens next?What happens next?

•Battle of the Battle of the Alamo…Alamo…

• Important People to know…Important People to know…

• Stephen Austin, leader of Stephen Austin, leader of settlers from America. settlers from America.

• Antonio Lopez de Santa Antonio Lopez de Santa AnnaAnna- leader of Mexico that - leader of Mexico that attacked settlers in Texas. attacked settlers in Texas.

• William Travis, Jim Bowie, William Travis, Jim Bowie, Davey Crocket- all fought on Davey Crocket- all fought on Texas’s side at the Battle the Texas’s side at the Battle the AlamoAlamo where 1,800 Mexican where 1,800 Mexican troops attacked 189. Texas troops attacked 189. Texas

troops over 13 daystroops over 13 days..

““Remember the Remember the AlamoAlamo””

became rallying cry of war.became rallying cry of war.

The Mexican WarThe Mexican War• When?-When?- President President JamesJames PolkPolk

declares war in May 1846.declares war in May 1846.

• Why?-Why?- “Mexico has shed “Mexico has shed AmericanAmerican blood on blood on AmericanAmerican soil” soil” James Polk. American troops and James Polk. American troops and Mexican troops clashed in a Mexican troops clashed in a disputed area near disputed area near Mexican/Texas border.Mexican/Texas border.

How does this war end? How does this war end?

• We sign the Treaty We sign the Treaty of of Guadalupe Guadalupe HidalgoHidalgo: :

• This gave the United This gave the United States:States:– Mexican Cession Mexican Cession – later we added later we added

the the Gadsden Gadsden Purchase.Purchase.

The Treaty of The Treaty of Guadalupe Guadalupe HidalgoHidalgo

• Mexican CessionMexican Cession– Land given up by Land given up by

Mexico, which is now Mexico, which is now California, California, NevadaNevada, and , and UtahUtah

– It also included most It also included most of of ArizonaArizona and and New New Mexico Mexico and parts of and parts of Colorado, Texas and Colorado, Texas and WyomingWyoming

• Gadsden Gadsden PurchasePurchase– Cost $10 million Cost $10 million

dollarsdollars– Included Included SouthernSouthern

parts of parts of Arizona Arizona and New Mexicoand New Mexico

– We needed this We needed this land to complete land to complete the railroads to the railroads to CaliforniaCalifornia

Gold Rush time…Gold Rush time…

The California Gold RushThe California Gold Rush

• In In 18491849, GOLD was , GOLD was discovered at a mill. discovered at a mill.

• Over Over 80,00080,000 settlers came from settlers came from all over to look for all over to look for gold.gold.

• These people were These people were called called forty-niners.forty-niners. Very few struck it Very few struck it rich.rich.

Actual posters from the Actual posters from the Gold Rush… Gold Rush…

Places where Places where goldgold was was found…found…

The Chart, Map, Cartoon:The Chart, Map, Cartoon:• Using your colored pencils so we can Using your colored pencils so we can

complete the Manifest Destiny map and complete the Manifest Destiny map and chart.chart.

• Louisiana Purchase: 1803Louisiana Purchase: 1803

• Oregon: August of 1848Oregon: August of 1848

• Mexican Cession: 1848Mexican Cession: 1848

• Gadsden Purchase: 1853Gadsden Purchase: 1853

• First: Fill in ChartFirst: Fill in Chart

• Then: Label all territories, Color each one a Then: Label all territories, Color each one a different colordifferent color

• Then: Create a Cartoon for the Monroe Then: Create a Cartoon for the Monroe DoctrineDoctrine