Renewable Energy Use in Transportation
Manitoba’s Renewable Energy Policies and Directions
June 20, 2005
Robert Parsons, MBA, P.Eng.Hydrogen Specialist
Manitoba Energy Development [email protected] (204) 945-6077
• EDI was initially created in 2001, and currently combines in one location:- Energy Policy;- Energy Economic Development; and- Climate Change
• Previously many different departments worked on these files but nothing was coordinated
• EDI is housed in the Department of Energy, Science & Technology
Energy Development Initiative (EDI)
• EDI is working with partners on a series of relevant renewable energy-related priorities:1 New generation hydroelectric developments in
Manitoba’s North, in particular linked to potential export power sales
2 Wind power development3 Biofuels, including ethanol, biodiesel, and methane4 Hydrogen
• Additional priorities include: ground-source heat pumps, efficiency, GHG trading, “green” design standards, community programs (C4), impacts & adaptation
Renewable Energy Priorities
• Focus on taking advantage of Manitoba’s diverse renewable resources, particularly to displace imported fossil fuels• Net outflow of $1 to $2 billion/yr for fossil fuels
• Focus on obtaining economic development benefits for Manitobans
• Use of multi-stakeholder input/coordination bodies to provide overall directions
• “Portfolio” mix of opportunities:• Some near term (e.g. ethanol)• Some longer term (e.g. hydrogen)
Common Features of Priorities
NEW GENERATION
HYDRO
Major source of renewable electricity with three new projects by Manitoba Hydro, representing 2,000+MW:• Wuskwatim
• 200 MW with 85% capacity factor, yielding ~1.5 TWh/yr
• Conawapa• 1,250 MW with 65% capacity factor, yielding ~7.0 TWh/yr
• Keeyask (Gull)• 620 MW with 80% capacity factor, yielding ~4.4 TWh/yr
New Generation Hydroelectricity
• Wuskwatim is furthest advanced:• Project has completed environmental review• Awaiting upcoming referendum by
Nisichawayasihk Cree Nation project partners• Anticipated in-service date of around 2011• Project justification based on export sales,
primarily to the U.S.
• Other projects, particularly Conawapa, linked to ongoing export power sale discussions
Current Status
WIND
• New and diversified source of renewable energy:• Manitoba has a world-class wind resource
• Measure of protection against cyclic drought conditions and associated financial losses
• Rapidly developable source of electricity for near-term exports
• New economic development opportunity for rural communities
• Basis for high-tech supporting manufacturing sector
Why Wind in Manitoba?
Characteristics• 99.5 MW, yielding ~0.4 TWh/yr• One of Canada’s largest projects• 63 turbines
Turbines• Rotor diameter of 82 m (>747 wings)• Hub height of 80 m
Benefits• Investment of ~$210 million• 300 construction jobs• 10+ operation/maintenance jobs• Landowner revenue per turbine• First turbines installed and operating• Developing “Wind Rush” in rural Manitoba
St. Leon Project
1.65 MW wind turbine as used at St. Leon
St. Leon Site
Winds of Opportunity –Clean Power for Manitoba’s FutureThe Manitoba Government’s Planfor Future Development of Wind Power
O C T O B E R , 2 0 0 4
The Future is Bright for Manitoba’s Wind Industry
Manitoba plans to develop up to 1,000 megawatts (MW) of wind within approximately the next
decade. The exact amount of wind that will be integrated will depend
upon ongoing technical and economic feasibility assessments.
Manitoba will also set aside approximately 50 MW to supportthe development of smaller wind
projects.
Note: 1,000 MW with 40% assumed capacity factor yields ~3.5 TWh/yr
BIOFUELS
• Biofuels include ethanol, biodiesel and methane (from anaerobic digestion):• Anaerobic digestion more focused on waste and
nutrient management - theoretically usable for vehicle fuel but not a practical priority
• Biofuels featured in The Economist (May 14th)• Benefits of “green” fuel and enhanced fuel
“security,” but increasingly “competitive cost”
• Primary focus for biofuels in Manitoba:• Rural economic development and diversification• Alternative uses for agricultural products
Biofuels
ETHANOL
• Ethanol is a renewable, high-octane, oxygenate fuel:• Co-product of cereal grain
fermentation process, with high protein content feed (DDG) also a co-product
• Ethanol from cellulose (e.g. wood or straw) still developing and may be used in future
• Manitoba’s firsts in Canada:• First province to have incentive
for ethanol-blended fuel• First fuel ethanol plant - Husky
(Mohawk) operating in Minnedosa since early 1980s
Ethanol - Historic Leadership
Ethanol Brochure from 1981
• Ethanol Advisory Panel appointed to consider ethanol and consult with Manitoba stakeholders
• Report issued in December 2002
• Manitoba Ethanol Office established in 2003
• Biofuels Act passed in 2003, but not yet proclaimed:• Mandate for 10% ethanol
(E10) in 85% of gasoline fuel• 8 year tax preference
Ethanol – Recent Background
• Near-term opportunity:• Economic and environmental
benefits for Manitoba
• Potential for 140 to 160 million Litre annual domestic production for Manitoba:• Save $55 million/yr on imports• High quality feed co-product
• Additional export potential • Four projects now being
considered in Manitoba• Hope to have ethanol
announcement this summer
Ethanol - Current Status
• Communications:• Series of info documents
• Targeted R&D by EDI:• DDG use for food (FDC)• DDG drying (U of M)• DDG for hog feed (U of M)• DDG markets (Consultant)
• Leadership on E85:• First E85 fueling station in
Western Canada opening shortly in Winnipeg
Ethanol – Further Actions
• Major recent research funding announcement by Husky Energy at the University of Manitoba
• New “Husky BiofuelResearch Fund” focused in two primary areas:• Feedstock development• Process efficiency
improvements through advanced bioengineering
Ethanol – Further Activity
BIODIESEL
(Photograph Courtesy of Manitoba Hydro)
• Report of the Biodiesel Advisory Council issued in February 2005
• Council is a non-government body and made a series of recommendations
• Government response to report is expected in a few months
• Ernie Doerksen will talk more about biodiesel later today
Biodiesel - Current Status
• Manitoba recently received $2 million for community-based biodiesel initiatives:• Federal Opportunities
Envelope funding • Biodiesel identified as
the single most effective measure to reduce GHGsfrom diesel vehicles
• Manitoba Hydro now incorporating biodiesel in fuel for their heavy-duty vehicle fleet
Biodiesel – Further Actions
HYDROGEN
• Released in April 2003
• First of kind in Canada
• Identified series of priority actions for province as a whole
• Has set stage for follow-up activities
Hydrogen Opportunities Report
• Manitoba’s Hydrogen Steering Committee in its report originally identified five priority actions, with a sixth more recently added:
1. Buses and refueling demonstrations2. By-product hydrogen fuel cell demonstration3. Hydrogen Centre of Expertise4. Manitoba Hydro Dorsey on-site generator5. MOU with Iceland6. Permanent refueling station
Hydrogen Priority Actions
Demonstration completed in March 2005 using novel hybrid technology and involving more than 14 organizations – separate public report.
HHICE Transit Bus Demonstration
HHICE Bus in transit service in Winnipeg Temporary refueling at Red River College
Project is led by Hydrogenics and announced by Premier Doer in 2002. Winnipeg demonstration of bus is planned for the spring of 2006.
Hybrid Fuel Cell Bus
The most advanced and efficient fuel cell-powered bus in the world
But …
How do these various initiatives fit together?
… particularly regarding energy use in transportation?
Changes in Vehicles and Fuels
Conventional Energy
Integrated (Grid-Connected)
Isolated
Clean Energy
Matrix illustrates two major axes of change
Rough Mapping of Possible Options
Conventional Energy Clean Energy
Integrated (Grid-Connected)
Isolated
Gasoline ICE
Current conventional vehicles start out way down here
Rough Mapping of Possible Options
Conventional Energy Clean Energy
Integrated (Grid-Connected)
Isolated
Gasoline ICE Biofuel ICE
Immediate near-term moves to clean energy using biofuels
Rough Mapping of Possible Options
Conventional Energy Clean Energy
Integrated (Grid-Connected)
Isolated
Gasoline ICE
Gasoline PHEV
Gasoline Hybrid
Battery-based Vehicle
Moves toward more electric vehicles
Rough Mapping of Possible Options
Conventional Energy Clean Energy
Integrated (Grid-Connected)
Isolated
Gasoline ICE
Pure H2 Fuel Cell
Hybrid H2 Fuel Cell
Gasoline PHEV
Biofuel ICE
Biofuel PHEV
Gasoline Hybrid Biofuel Hybrid
Battery-based Vehicle
+ Combinations and other advanced technologies
General Overall Trends
Conventional Energy
Integrated (Grid-Connected)
Isolated
General Overall T
rends
Clean Energy
… But Many Paths to Get There
Conventional Energy
Integrated (Grid-Connected)
Isolated
Clean Energy
• Concurrent overall trends towards:• Cleaner transportation fuels; and• More electrified vehicles having greater
interconnection to the grid• “G2V”, “PHEVs” and “V2G” are popular topics
in the literature today
• Many paths leading in the same directions:• Uncertainty regarding technology “winners”• No guarantees of success• Today these different paths are more
complementary in nature than competitive
How Do They Fit Together?
How Could They Fit In? (Photograph Courtesy of Red River College)
Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles
• Fuel costs - Manitoba has the highest ratio of retail gasoline-to-electricity cost in North America, so this could make sense
• GHG reductions - Shift from gasoline to electricity produces 100% GHG reduction
• Plug-in culture/infrastructure - Manitobans already plug-in their cars and a nascent “smart” recharging network exists
• Interesting future match to wind - PHEVsrequire only “energy” from grid, while wind can be rapidly deployed to meet growth
Potential Benefits of PHEVs
• Hydrogen and PHEVs are related• Both involve electrification of vehicles • Both involve advanced energy technologies• Both involve a cross-over of energy and
transportation applications• Both have complementary niches:
• Heavy duty buses for Hydrogen• Light duty commuter cars for PHEVs
• Both have no guaranteed outcome
Hydrogen is the Model for PHEVs
• Manitoba has an already well-developed hydrogen process:
• Appropriate umbrella to consider PHEVs as an alternate advanced energy technology
• Appropriate multi-stakeholder entity (Hydrogen Steering Committee) for overall guidance
• Manitoba’s Hydrogen Steering Committee has already taken leadership to act as the provincial coordinating body for PHEVs as an advanced energy technology
Hydrogen is the Model for PHEVs
• Manitoba is pursuing portfolio of renewable, clean energy pathways, including:
• Hydroelectricity; wind; biofuels; hydrogen
• Manitoba is rapidly becoming recognized as a world leader and “hub” for renewables
• Developing technology and other expertise to capitalize on benefits
• Renewable energy has strong benefits to the environment, but more importantly represents a bright economic future for Manitobans
CONCLUSIONS
Reports cited in presentation and more information available on the internet:
http://www.manitobaenergy.ca
QUESTIONS?