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To put it another way: how much coal can we dig up; and what does it taste
like?
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Hunter Valley regional overview
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Aerial view of the Integra complex.
Todays presentation will focus on the Northern Open Cut in particular,
although the geological features discussed are present throughout the entirelease area.
The Integra Open Cut is situated 10km North West of Singleton, New South
Wales in the Hunter Valley region. A thin seam mining operation, the mine is
managed and operated by Integra Coal Operations Pty Ltd on behalf of the
joint venture parties.
Vale Australia holds a 61.2% equity stake in the asset.
Two coal types are produced; comprising a semi-soft and a thermal product.
Vale Australia has been using Vulcan software at the Integra Open Cut coal
mine since 2009, for detailed geological modelling, survey and mine planning.
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Photo of the final wall of the South Open Cut during the early stage
overburden removal of the Western Extension
This photo illustrates the degree of seam splitting over short distances Geologically, this is not a simple deposit
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Close up view of the North Open Cut end wall, close to the Base of
Weathering
This slide illustrates the challenges in accurate geological modelling andprediction
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Structural generation includes roof, floor and thickness for seam and ply.
Coal quality parameters are modelled by ply.
Building the HARP model from the resource grids allows mine planningassumptions to be applied to the resource grids, without changing them.
The ROM HARP model contains the aggregated ply qualities, along with
volume / tonnage estimates based on mining horizons (working sections).
This model includes dilution, loss and moisture.
Version 8.1.4 improvements allow for Run of Mine calculations to be
performed on a HARP model, with no requirement for the generation of ROM
grids.
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This is rotated view of the North Open Cut at Vale Australias Integra mine
The triangulated surface is generated using pick ups by the site surveyors,
which is then cut into data derived from a LIDAR scan This surface is verified and used for monthly volume calculations and mine
designs
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This slide shows a cross section through the resource grids and borehole
database
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This slide shows a HARP block model generated for the North Open cut mine
area
The inputs to the HARP model were from the latest site resource statement Issues with using the resource grids for detailed mine planning include:
thin seams coalesce and split over a short area, causing mining, mine
planning and reconciliation problems
Seam dip is consistent at resource scale, however can change locally
due to presence of faulting or overlying channel conglomerates
Resource grids do not make allowances for loss or dilution, thus
making it difficult to make accurate short term mining decisions
Resource grids were clipped to a combined base of weathering and
topography surface including an active pit. This caused localdistortions where grid thickness and dips are either over or under
estimated. This can have an effect on the generation of the HARP
model.
The local distortions have prompted a change in workflow, where
unclipped grids are used to generate the HARP model. All material
above the base of weathering can then be assigned to overburden.
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Following on from the last slide, the thin seams coalesce and split over the
deposit
Two end of month surfaces (green and blue) are shown to illustrate thecomplexities of mining multiple thin seams
This diagram shows a section view along strike of the north open cut, the
thickest ply (red) is approximately 1.8m
Section width is ~500m
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Diagrammatic representation of the local seam splitting and coalescing found
at Integra
Although exploration boreholes are sufficient to allow most plies to beclassified as either Measured or Indicated, there is significant variation
observed once the coal is uncovered
This can be seen in the initial photo of the South Open Cut high wall
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While this method is effective, in the previous method you have to apply the
same aggregation rules across the entire model. In the new version, the rules
can be restricted allowing different parameters to be applied to each pit oreven each strip as required.
A large number of grids are generated through this process, effectively
creating a new ROM grid for every quality that is required (i.e. a minimum of
Relative Density, Raw Ash, Inherent Moisture, Total Sulphur, Specific Energy,
Product Ash, Product Yield etc). This means that at least 7 quality grids are
generated for every ply (7x70=490!). Additional grids are also created for the
ratio and burden calculations for each ply.
Unless a strict filing system and file nomenclature is followed, there are often
unintended consequences that occur when a completely new series of grids
are generated, thus the perennial question to the site geo Im confused, sowhich grids should actually I be using?
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The new ROM modelling tools available in 8.1.4 allow for mining assumptions
to be applied to the block model, thus there is no requirement for a new set of
grids to be produced. A new HARP model is generated during the process,simplifying the number of models generated and allowing for a clear audit trail.
The speed at which the HARP models may be generated allow for scenario
testing (such as re-running the ROM model after the monthly reconciliation
process has been completed, thus checking the quality and mining parameters
used).
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The new process available in 8.1.4
The following two slides are cross sections through the HARP ROM model for
Integra North Open Cut (same location as per slides 12 and 13)
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Integra North Open Cut section 1 down dip
This section illustrates the working sections derived by applying the quality and
mining parameters. The thinner seams have been combined into workingsections or set to zero thickness as per the mine planning assumptions.
An end of year surface has been include for reference, the resource grids
were clipped to a combined weathering and topography at the time of
modelling (nb a better outcome is generally achieved by using resource grids
that are not clipped to a surface).
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Integra North Open Cut section 1 along strike
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The ease of interrogation of the model allows for better informed mine
planning decisions
Examples of where this can be used at the Integra Open Cut include: Improved coal product allocation at the short term planning scale
Improved understanding of working section volumes and qualities
Assist with reconciliation processes
Scenario modelling may be completed to test the sensitivity of mining
parameters
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One suggested improvement on this process is to add a Block Selection
option to enable ROM modelling over specific pit areas (such as by pit, strip or
fault block).
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