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Marice Ashe, JD, MPHDirector
RMLUI 2010 | 3.5.10
Eat your greens!Planning policies to support healthy food systems
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What do land use policies have to do with food systems?
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market forces + public policy = “food landscape”
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Source: California Center for Public Health Advocacy, “Searching For Healthy Food: The Food Landscape In California Cities and Counties”
CA’s Food Retail Environment
Source: CA Center for Public Health Advocacy, http://www.publichealthadvocacy.org/searchingforhealthyfood.html
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CA’s Food Retail Environment
Source: CA Center for Public Health Advocacy, http://www.publichealthadvocacy.org/searchingforhealthyfood.html
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CA’s Food Retail Environment
Source: CA Center for Public Health Advocacy, http://www.publichealthadvocacy.org/searchingforhealthyfood.html
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Source: USDA Food Environment Atlas, http://maps.ers.usda.gov/FoodAtlas/
Percent of US households without a carand > 1 mile to a grocery store
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Supermarket proximity is associated with a better diet.
Limited access to fast food for schoolchildren is associated with better diet.
Policy can reverse these statistics
Healthy Eating Research Brief 2008; Davis & Carpenter 2009; Active Living Research Brief 2007
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“Promoting the concept of a
“foodshed” — a diversified,
regional food economy —
could be the key to improving the American diet. “
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Creating Healthy Food System Policy
Lay the groundworkShare information and build partnerships
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Lay the groundwork:Share information and build partnerships
Assess existing health conditionsCollect food system data and conduct environmental audits
Creating Healthy Food System Policy
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Lay the groundworkShare information and build partnerships
Assess existing health conditionsCollect food system data and conduct environmental audits
Adopt policies Support local food system development
Creating Healthy Food System Policy
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Lay the groundworkShare information and build partnerships
Assess existing health conditionsCollect food system data and conduct environmental audits
Adopt policies Support local food system development
Ensure that the plan’s goals are implemented- Develop indicators and standards- Update zoning and design guidelines- Use economic development tools as incentives - Implement healthy development review criteria
Creating Healthy Food System Policy
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Step1Laying the Groundwor
k
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Building relationships & Collaborative Partnerships
Photo courtesy of WALKSan Diego
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2Assess
1Step
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Measuring access to healthy
food
District of Columbia | Office of Planning
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Walking Time to Large/Chain Grocer
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3Adopt
21Step
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Update Plans and PoliciesSupport access to and long-term tenure of land for local food system activities
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Set standards and priorities for improving food access in underserved neighborhoods
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“The Blueprint for Future Development”
Statement of development policies
Comprehensive
Plans
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Types of healthy general plan policies, by location
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Policy LanguageGood: Policy 1.0: Encourage the development of
community gardens to increase residents’ access to healthy foods
Better: Policy 1.1: Establish 1 community garden for every 2,500 households in an urban village and urban center (Seattle, WA)
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POLICY 3.5.2 Promote healthy neighborhoods and community by encouraging neighborhood convenience stores to carry healthy food such as fresh fruits and vegetables.
WATSONVILLE, CA
Policy Language
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POLICY 3.5.21 Condition neighborhood markets (convenience stores) at the time of development review to incorporate the sale of fresh fruits and vegetables.
WATSONVILLE, CA
Implementation
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Condition neighborhood markets (convenience stores) at the time of development review to devote 10 percent of the store’s shelf space to the sale of fresh fruits and vegetables.
SAMPLE
Strengthen
implementation
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Step 4Implement
21
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Create a targeted grocery attraction and improvement strategy
Help with location and expansion, and streamlining fees and permitting processes, provide grants/loans
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Outreach to small marketsOffer incentives and assistance: façade improvements; infrastructure; business planning, WIC/Food Stamp participation; link to distribution channels
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Plan for urban agricultureZone for gardens as defined and allowed useComprehensive planning and redevelopment opportunitiesRequire developers to provide set-asides
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Plan for farmers’ marketsZone for markets as defined and allowed use
Comprehensive planning and redevelopment opportunities
Streamline fees and permitting
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Mobile VendingIncentivize healthy vending
Restrict unhealthy vending
Support small-scale entrepreneurs
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Create a balanced food environment
Zoning can be used to restrict fast food outlets
Restrictions: Quotas, Density, Distance
Bans: Fast food/drive thru, “formula” restaurant
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Resources
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Fact Sheets Model Policies
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www.phlpnet.org