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Marilyn LattaNorth Bay Watershed Association
Novato, CAJune 3, 2011
San Francisco Bay
Subtidal Habitat Goals Project
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Objectives of Subtidal Goals Report
• Regional 50-year vision to improve subtidal habitats• Non-regulatory, interagency, collaborative approach• Science goals to address data gaps• Protection goals to maintain quality and function• Specific restoration targets based on phased
approach• Audience: Resource managers, academics, non-
profits, etc.
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Ecosystem Services
Ecosystem services identified for the SF Bay Subtidal Goals Project include only those that are not directly extractive or destructive of habitat.
Definition:The benefits people derive, either directly or indirectly, from ecosystem functions (e.g., harvest, sense of place, recreation, visual aesthetics, nutrient cycling, primary production)
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Project Vision
Achieve a net improvement of the San Francisco Bay’s subtidal ecosystem over the next 50 years through restoration, science, and protection.
To achieve this improvement, the project proposes:• Increasing the quantity of desired but currently limited habitats;
• Emphasizing support of native species;
• Increasing our understanding of the physical and biological processes that affect subtidal habitats and species.
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Guiding Principles
• Subtidal and intertidal habitats• Precautionary approach• Science, restoration, protection• Avoids prioritization of habitats• Adaptive management approach• 10 year review in 2020
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Submerged Aquatic Vegetation
Artificial Structures
Shellfish Beds
Soft substrate: sand
Soft Substrate:Mud/ shell mix
Rock Habitats
Macroalgal Beds
Photo credits: www.bluewaterimages.com
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Subtidal Habitat Conceptual ModelsScience Goals and Research Questions
Wim Kimmerer
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Consultant Projects
Eelgrass Recommendations Report• Katharyn Boyer, SFSU• Sandy Wyllie-Echeverria, UW
Shellfish Recommendations Report• Chela Zabin, UC Davis, SERC• Ted Grosholz, UC Davis
Creosote and Artificial Structures Assessment• San Francisco Estuary Institute
Stressor Narrative Papers• Andrew Cohen, San Francisco Estuary InstituteSubtidal Economic Evaluation Report• Battelle
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Oakland
Benicia
Richmond
San Rafael
San Francisco
September 2009
0 2.5
Miles
0 2.5
Kilometers
California Department of Fish & Game San Francisco Bay Bathymetry (Feet)
Eelgrass (Zostera marina) Restoration Sites1
Oyster Restoration Site
Documented Intertidal Oysters2
Creosote Pilings (DRAFT - for graphics only)
Road
Current Estimated Range of Subtidal Oyster Distribution
Eelgrass (Zostera marina) Habitat3
Agar (Gracilaria) Habitat4
1Boyer (unpub.)2Harris, 2004;Smithsonian/UC Davis; Attoe, 2008; traylor-Dutra; Grosholz, 2008; Caltrans, 2009.3Merkel, 2003, 2009.4NOAA, ORR, Environmental Sensitivity Index, 2006 .
0 - 33 - 1212 - 2020 - 30
30 - 4040 - 5555 - 6565 - 80
80 - 100100 - 150150 - 282
GIS Maps Being Produced
• Subtidal Habitat Types• Habitat Stressors• Informed Siting of Projects
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Examples of GoalsScience Goals
• Develop mechanisms to adapt to climate change.
• Understand the factors controlling the development of oyster beds.
• Determine suitable methods for protecting mudflats and beaches.
Protection Goals
• Protect existing eelgrass habitat through no net loss to existing beds.
• Consider the potential ecological effects of contaminated sediments when developing, planning, designing and constructing restoration projects or other projects that disturb sediments.
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Restoration Goals
Focus on quantifiable
and regionally-specific targets
• Increase native eelgrass within 8,000 acres of potential suitable subtidal area through a phased pilot project approach.
• Promote pilot projects to remove artificial structures and creosote pilings at targeted sites, in combination with Living Shoreline techniques.
• Reduce habitat fragmentation and increase connectivity across upland, intertidal, and subtidal habitats.
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Cross-Habitat GoalsClimate Change
Invasive Species
Oil Spill
Marine Debris
Public Education
IntegrationSubtidal-Wetland Design Integration
Living Shorelines
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Intrinsic Subtidal Connection to Wetlands
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Transition Zones on Both Edges
Upland transition Subtidal transition
Wetland edges: sand bars, shell beds, kelp and eelgrass fringe, rocky intertidal
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Living Shorelines: A soft bioengineering approach
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Living Shorelines: Issues for study in SF Bay• Scale: what acreage is needed to slow wave action?• Suitability: must be matched to site conditions• Permitting: fill considerations in the subtidal zone• Monitoring: functional connections between habitats• Pilot: test effectiveness thru experimental designs
Katharyn Boyer, SFSU
Robert Abbott, Environ
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Products
Subtidal Habitat Goals Report
Web Accessible Information:− Full Goals Report− All Appendix Reports− Habitat Information− Interactive Mapping Tool− News and Updates
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Marilyn Latta, Project ManagerSubtidal Habitat Goals ProjectState Coastal [email protected]
Thank You