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Marine sediment indicators in the Gulf of Gda• sk and Oslofjord
a comparison of climate change impacts on the ecosystem
Gra• yna Kowalewska, Hanna Mazur-Marzec, Gijs D. Breedveld, Tomasz Maciej Ciesielski, Anna Filipkowska, Malgosia Szymczak-Ż yła, Ludwik
Lubecki, Magdalena Laerec, Amy M.P. Oen
Institute of Oceanology of Polish Academy of Sciences University of Gda• sk
Norwegian Geotechnical Institute Norwegian University of Science and Technology
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Eutrophication, increase in biomass and algal blooms are traditionally believed to be a result of anthropogenic nutrient release
However, there are some indications that algal blooms have occured in pre-anthropogenic times. Can algal blooms be an indication of climatic change? CLISED: Climate Change Impact on Ecosystem Health - Marine Sediment Indicators (2014-2017)
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Phase I Assessment of recent sediments in the Gulf of Gda• sk and Oslofjord/Drammensfjord in terms of indicators of primary production, eutrophication and pollution
Selection of parameters suitable for deriving historical proxies of climate change in long sediment cores.
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Oslofjord
Gulf of Gdansk
Drammensfjord
Inner Oslofjord
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Characterisation of sediments
- phytoplankton pigments and degradation products
- 210Pb sediment dating
- stable isotopes • 13C, • 15N, organic carbon and black carbon
- trace elements
- polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons - PAHs
- nonylphenols - NPs
- organotin compounds - OTs
- biotoxins and toxin-producing phytoplankton organisms
- mutagenic, genotoxic and endocrine-disrupting activity
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Chloropigments-a occurring in sediments are good quantitative and qualitative indicators of productivity and depositional conditions.
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Example of chromatogram (HPLC - DAD, 660 nm)
EXPERIMENTAL
time [min]
Szymczak-Ż yła M., Kowalewska G., Louda J.W., 2011, Marine Chemistry, 125, 39-48.
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Phytoplankton pigments
EXPERIMENTAL
GDAŃSK SOPOT
+ + 56 m 31 m
+
+
+
GDAŃSK
SOPOT
+ +
+
Chl-a [nmol/g d.w.] 0-1 cm layer
P1
M1
P104
P116
P110
BMPK10
1
2
+
+ 113 m
+
+
90 m
70 m
+ 56 m 31 m
+
++++++
++ +
++
++
+ +
+
OSLO
+ + +
DRAMMEN
E
D
C
A
B
F
Chl-a [nmol/g d.w.] 0-1 cm layer
250
200
150
100
50
0
nmol/g
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GDAŃSK SOPOT
+ + 56 m 31 m
+
+ + + +
+
Chl-a [nmol/g d.w.]
Phytoplankton pigments, Gulf of Gdansk
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1
2
+
+ 113 m
+ +
90 m
70 m + 56 m
31 m
+
++++++
++ +
++
++
+ + +
+ + +
Chl-a [nmol/g d.w.]
Phytoplankton pigments, Oslofjord
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GDAŃSK SOPOT
+ + 56 m 31 m
+
+
+ + +
+
Sediment accumulation rate [cm/year]
0.16 ± 0.01
0.16 ± 0.01
0.14 ± 0.01
0.17 ± 0.02
no accumulation
no accumulation or 0.07 ± 0.01
1
2
+
+ 113 m
+
+
90 m
70 m
+ 56 m 31 m
+
++++++
++ +
++
++
+ +
+
+ + +
E
D
C
A
B
F
Sediment accumulation rate [cm/year]
0.18 ± 0.01
0.11 ± 0.01
max 0.27 ± 0.03
0.20 ± 0.02 0.06 ± 0.01 - 0.10 ± 0.01
0.05 ± 0.01
P1
M1
P116
P110
P104 BMPK10
Sedimentation rates based on 210Pb dating
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GDAŃSK SOPOT
+ + 56 m 31 m
+
+ + + +
+
Organic carbon, Gulf of Gdansk
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1
2
+
+ 113 m
+ +
90 m
70 m + 56 m
31 m
+
++++++
++ +
++
++
+ + +
+ + +
Organic carbon, Oslofjord
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•13
C [
‰]
Stable carbon isotopes
Gulf of Gdansk Drammensfjord
Inner Oslofjord
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marine*
terrestial**
•13
C [
‰]
* - Fontugne and Jouanneau, 1987 ** - Emerson and Hedges, 1988
Stable carbon isotopes
Gulf of Gdansk Drammensfjord
Inner Oslofjord
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GDAŃSK SOPOT
+ + 56 m 31 m
+
+ + + +
+
Nonylphenols, Gulf of Gdansk
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1
2
+
+ 113 m
+ +
90 m
70 m + 56 m
31 m
+
++++++
++ +
++
++
+ + +
+ + +
Nonylphenols, Oslofjord
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Sediment toxicity
DR-CALUX 2,3,7,8-TCDD TEQ (PCDD/PCDF and dl-PCBs)
Station Results [ngTEQ/kg]
Station Results [ngTEQ/kg]
BMPK10 6.9 A 5.4
P104 2.8 B 3.6
P110 8.6 C 48.0
P116 21.0 D 17.0
M1 31.0 E 67.0
P1 15.0 F 29.0
Gulf of Gdansk Oslofjord
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Summary In anthropogenic impacted sediments we find a clear relationship between, phytoplankton pigments, sedimentation rates and organic carbon accumulation as well as presence of cyanotoxins. Long cores (3-4 m) have been taken in Gulf of Gdansk and Oslofjord to try to derive historical proxies of climate change using these parameters.
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Marine Bentic
Diatoms
Marine Planktic Anthropogenic
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Summary diatom diagram for sediment core P116