Marine Surface and Climate Data Gaps

in the archives at the National Center for Atmospheric

Researchfor

15th U.S. – China Marine and Fishery Science and Technology Joint Working

Meeting

Steven Worley, NCAR5 March, 2002

Outline

• Previous exchanges and co-operations with the U.S. COADS project

• Status of Chinese data in the major archives at NCAR

• Future exchanges

Previous Exchanges and Co-operations

• From China to U.S.– Digitized, U.S. Maury ship logbooks

• Data for ~1800-1863, 1.3 x 106

Observations• Now in COADS• Minor details

– Finished about 1996– Organizations SOA/NMDIS/CNODC and

NOAA/NESDIS/NCDC– Responsible persons Guo Fengyi and Joe Elms

U.S. Maury Collection Digitized by China

1.3 M Reports, ~1800 -1863

Previous Exchanges and Co-operations

• From China to U.S.– Digitized, U.S. Marine Meteorological

Journals• Data for 1878-1894, 1.8 x 106 Observations• Data to be included in COADS • Minor Details

– Work began in 1998– Organizations SOA/NMDIS/CNODC and

NOAA/NESDIS/NCDC + NCAR– Responsible persons Mr. Guo Fengyi, Joe Elms

and Steven Worley

MMJ, 1878-1894, 1.8M reports

Previous Exchanges and Co-operations

• From U.S. to China– Global land surface archive

• Data for 1967-1998, complete GTS archive• Minor Details

– Delivered 1997, observations 1967-1997, to Mr. Guo Fengyi

– Delivered 1999, obs. extension 1998, to Mr. Guo Fengyi

– Responsible person, Steven Worley

Previous Exchanges and Co-operations

• From U.S. to China– COADS

• Data for ~1800-1997– 155 x 106 Observations, and Monthly Statistics– Delivered June 2001

• Minor Details– Early deliveries, 1985, 1994, 1997, and 2000– Generally to Mr. Guo Fengyi– Responsible persons, Steven Worley and Joe

Elms

Current Status in major NCAR Archives

• What data of Chinese origin are in the marine surface archives?

• What is in COADS?– Difficult to assess

• Ships are not located within political boundaries

• China did not participate in the WMO Resolution 35 – keyed logbook data to GCC’s

– Chinese vessels may report over the GTS• Hong Kong is a Res. 35 participant, use as

example (an under estimate of what is available)

0

5

10

15

20

25

# of

Rep

orts

(10*

*3)

1960 1963 1966 1969 1972 1975 1978 1981 1984 1987 1990 1993 1996

Annual Reports in COADS

Hong Kong

Reports in COADS

1960-1997• Hong Kong

Current Status in major NCAR Archives

• Future data to be added to COADS– Data from the GODAR Project CDROM

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

# of

Obs

. (10

**3)

1965 1968 1971 1974 1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995

Years

GODAR Chinese Surface Obs.

GODAR Project CDROM

• Not yet in COADS

1968 – 1993

424K ReportsEvery 50th station location is plotted

Current Status in major NCAR Archives

• Future data to be added to COADS– Data sources held at NODC

• From previous Working Group exchanges• Details not available, but needed for

accurate assessment in conjunction with COADS

– E.g, WG 2000, 1954-1994 marine meteorological data, and fixed buoy data, more?

Current Status in major NCAR Archives

• Land Station Data from China– Upper Air Data– Land Surface Data

• Global climate system modeling• Global atmospheric reanalysis

computations• Global climate trend studies

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

# of

Obs

erva

tions

(10*

*3)

1944 1947 1950 1953 1956 1959 1962 1965 1968 1971 1974 1977 1980

Years

TD13 and DS463 Observations

0100200300400500600700800900

1000#

of S

tatio

ns

1944 1947 1950 1953 1956 1959 1962 1965 1968 1971 1974 1977 1980

Years

TD13 & DS463 Stations

China Surface Observation and Stations Counts

1944-1980

China Land Surface Station Locations, 1976

Global Upper Air Stations

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

1949 1953 1957 1961 1965 1969 1973 1977 1981 1985 1989 1993 1997

Year

Num

ber

of S

tatio

ns

allchina

Future ExchangesProposed Project:Would China digitize more Maury data

found in Germany?– Data for ~1845-1867, ~820 Voyages, up to

1x106 records (very preliminary estimate)– Minor Details

• Logbooks moved to Germany during American Civil War?

• Professor Lin Shaohua (of NMDIS and Coordinator of JCOMM's Data Management Programme Area) has expressed interest in digitization projects

• Many details need to be worked out (Maybe a combination of MMJ and U.S. Maury strategies)

• The journal pages have been scanned as images and are (will be) available on CDROM

Release 2.0 (dark blue) vs. Release 1 (light blue) reports/yearFuture blend candidates: red (undigitized), yellow (partly), green

(fully)GODAR1968-1993, 424K

Future ExchangesData Available from the U.S./NCAR for

China• Future releases of COADS• Possible products from the NCAR

archives– http://dss.ucar.edu– SST analyses– NN Reanalysis 1948-2001– New analyzed products from COADS

Valuable data from China not in the U.S.

⇛More information like the GODAR Project CDROM if not already at NODC

⇛ Pre-1956 and 1965-1966 land surface stations

–Station histories and libraries for stations in China

⇛ River flow data for major drainages in China

⇛ Pre-1956 Upper Air stations in China

⇛ Examples of Historical Documentation

→

→

→

End

0

5

10

15

20

25

# of

Rep

orts

(10*

*3)

1960 1963 1966 1969 1972 1975 1978 1981 1984 1987 1990 1993 1996

Annual Reports in COADS

Hong Kong

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

# of

Rep

orts

(10*

*3)

1960 1963 1966 1969 1972 1975 1978 1981 1984 1987 1990 1993 1996

Annual Reports in COADS

Hong Kong Japan Malaysia

Reports in COADS

1960-1997• Hong Kong• Japan• Malaysia