Download - Mars Basics
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Mars Basics
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Size & Distance
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Size & DistanceSmaller than Earth
(0.532x)• Mars diam ~ 6779 km (4212 miles)
• Earth diam ~ 12,742 km (7918 miles)
8 Mars would fit inside the Earth!
1.5 AU from the sun (~140 million miles)0.5 AU from the Earth (~43 million miles)
SCALE!!!
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ScaleUsing an Earth balloon and Mars balloon to
scale:
• Q: How far away do you think Mars would be?
• A: ~0.4 miles (0.64 km)
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Courtyard Marriott
Four Points by Sheraton
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Rotation & Revolution
One Martian day (sol) is 24 hours and 37 minutes
One Martian year is 687 Earth days, almost two Earth years
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Seasons
Like Earth, Mars tilts
This tilt contributes to seasons; orbit also contributes
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AtmosphereMars does have an
atmosphere, though it is very thin
Air pressure at the surface is about 1/100th the surface pressure on the Earth
• Earth: 1013mb• Mars: 7mbMostly carbon dioxide,
some nitrogen• 95% CO2• 2.7% N2• 1.6% Ar• 0.13% O2
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Mars is Cold!Average temperature is about -80° FCan drop to -195° F near the poles (winter); can reach
70° F near the equatorLarge day to night (diurnal) temperature variationYou can Follow Mars Weather reports from the
Curiosity rover here: • Mars Weather on Twitter (@MarsWxReport)
https://twitter.com/MarsWxReport
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Polar CapsNorthern cap (left) is made of alternating layers of
dust and water-iceSouthern cap (right) is made of alternating layers of
dust and water-ice below, carbon dioxide ice on top
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Giant Volcanos
400 miles!
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Valles Marineris
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An Impact Scarred Surface
Argyre Basin
1150 miles!
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50 km
Ravi VallisAncient Floods
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Streamlined Features
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Valley Networks
25 km
5 km
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Phobos and Deimos
~17 MILES
11
MILES
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A Desert World
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A Geologic Time Machine
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A Dusty Place
Mars Spirit Rover at Gusev CraterMini-tornados - 20 to 60 mph wind30 to 300 feet wide, up to 6 miles high