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Mass Rearing of the biological control Agent Zygogramma bicolorata
Experienceses & Lessons Learnt
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Mass rearing Cont`d
• The agent was kept at Ambo quarantine facility after being Introduced from South Africa in October 12, 2007.
• After conducting host range test, environmental impact assessment document was prepared & sent to MoA
• Approval from MoA obtained on June, 2012• Visit by representatives from MoA, EPA & IBC
took place in October 02, 2013
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Mass rearing Cont`d • Preparation for multiplication
– Multiplication site is located within a farmers` association compound in Wollinchitti town, about 125 km east of Addis Ababa
– It is 46 x 16.5meters
– Was enough to erect 5 breeding cages & a Nursery and a water tanker
Original Site After clearing
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Mass rearing Cont`d
• Mesh net and pots arrived at Wollinchitti on December 25, 2012
• Purchase of farm tools including two water tankers completed at end of January, 2013
• Installation of water pipe in early February, 2013
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Mass rearing Cont`d
• Because of shortage of water from the source we were getting very little water
• Got connected to a reliable water system, that supplies water to the rural community of the Woreda, on February 13, 2014
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Mass rearing Cont`d Erection of Breeding cages & a Nursery- completed end of January 2013
Nursery Nursery & Breeding cages3000 lts. Water Tanker
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Mass rearing Cont`d
Main Entrance DoorWith lock
Whole area fenced with barbed wire with 15 cm spacing
Gravel on surface inside& outside cages
Second Door
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Mass rearing Cont`d
Water Tanker3000 and 5000 lts. capacity
store Toilet & hand wash
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Mass rearing Cont`d Dealing with high temperature
Nursery 5 x 10m
Shading of breeding cages
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Mass rearing Cont`d
• Multiplication of Zygogramma in 2013– Started with a batch of 60 pairs of Zygo. that was
brought from Ambo on June 25, 2013
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Mass rearing Cont`d
Adults started laying eggs and some eggs have started hatching when flooding hit the area on July 02, 2013
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Mass rearing Cont`d
Egg laying, Larval Development & Adult Emergence set up
12 vigorous parthenium plants in pots50 pairs of Adults released & kept for 3 days
Cage 1 Egg laying
CAGE 1
Potted plant approach
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Mass rearing Cont`d
CAGE 2 Larval Development Larva are left to feed by changing plants as neededRemove smaller size larva & place on new plantPlace soil/sand mixture at bottom of old potLeave old pot until most larva enter soilCut back the plant & place in adult emergence cage
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Mass rearing Cont`d
Cage 3 Adult Emergence
• Pots are kept wet• Pots checked for adults twice a day a week after being placed in cage• Adults are taken back to cage 1 to start the process all over again
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Mass rearing Cont`d Surface planted approach
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Mass rearing Cont`d • In 2014 we used the two approaches side by side• Plan was to produce 4000 adults in one of the
cages and distribute these in the four cages to eventually produce 40000 adults by mid July
• But most of the initial Zygogramma culture were destroyed by Lizards
Lizards` hiding cracks Remains of ZygogrammaAfter Lizard attack
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Mass rearing Cont`d • Rearing continued with remaining adults• Within one cage (Cage 4) on benches
300 egg laying adults, placed in a small cage containing four plants in pots for one day, produced on the average 425 eggsAdults remain on plants all the time thereby producing more eggslarva are removed and transferred in two other cages and others were left on plants to pupate in pots
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Mass rearing Cont`d
• Second Approach releasing adults on plants grown on surface of Breeding cages (cages 1 and 4)
3 plots each about 1m wide, rows 20-25cm spacing
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Woreda involvement & awareness creation
• Involvement of Woreda Agriculture office
• Awareness creation
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Challenges• Water problem before February 13, 2014
Transport water using Horse cart & pick up vehicle
Pipe installed but very little water
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Challenges
• Weather conditionOn human beings
On growth & development of parthenium
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ChallengesAphid infestation
Upper sideUnder side Young Shoots
Mealy bug Infestation
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Ants
Larva being attacked ant
Immediately afterPlanting
Large size Ants
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Lizards & Rats
Remains of adults after Lizard attack
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Some observations
Dorsal view of Adult Side view of Adult
Green looper feeding on Parthenium
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Some observations
Mating Adults
Some kind of larval parasite
PupaParasitized Larva?
Diseased Larva
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Some observations• Aphids and its parasites
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Some observationsExtra seedlings from surface grown plants can be transplantedAnd used in pot rearing
Make use of parthenium seedlingsAround rearing site
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Some observations
• Chicken as predators of Mealybugs
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Mass rearing cont`d….
• Comments, suggestions & lessons learnt– Collect enough seeds at the right time – Site should be built away from any source of threat– Don`t ever start rearing without reliable water
source– Be present as frequently as possible & make
observations all the time– Take care of pests particularly Aphids and Mealy
bugs
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Mass rearing cont`d….
• Use benches for rearing in pots• Make sure you have enough supply of
parthenium seedlings• Use combination of the two approaches• Use wood Ash against ants• Need for some Entomological tools– Insect rearing cages, preservatives, pins etc.
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Mass rearing of Zygogramma
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