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Math
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Flat (100)
Rod (10)
Cube (1000)
Unit (1)
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Whole Number: An integer which has 1 or more
units and can be positive or negative. A whole number doesn't contain a fraction.
Fraction: a part or piece of a whole
=1
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Factor: numbers multiplied (x) to find a product (=).
Example: Factors of 16 are:
1, 16 2, 8 4, 4
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Multiple: The multiples of a whole number (2,3,4, etc.) are
found by taking the product (X) of any counting number and that whole number.
Example 1: Find the multiples of the whole number 4.
Multiplication: 4 x 1 4 x 2 4 x 3 4 x 4 4 x 5 4 x 6 4 x 7 4 x 8
Multiples of 4: 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32
Standard Form: the number
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Example: 1,234
Expanded Form: a way to write numbers to show the place value of each digit
Example: 1,000 + 200 + 30 + 4
Word Form: writing out a number using words
Example: one thousand, two hundred, thirty-four
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Estimate: make a good guess
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Ratio: relation between 2 things.
Shown using a colon :
Ratio of basketballs to goals is 6 : 2
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Prime Number: a number that has only itself and one as factors.
Examples: 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17
Composite: a number with more than 2 factors.
Example: 6 (factors are 1, 6 and 2,3)
Example: 15 (factors are 1, 15 and 3, 5)
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Greater than
A comparison between two numbers that shows the greater amount.
5 > 4
3,245 > 3,159
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Less than A comparison between two numbers that shows
the smaller amount
23,740 < 24,000
3/10 < 7/10
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Equal to: Having the same value
372,910 = 372,910
½ = 5/10
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Round: to find the nearest ten, hundred, thousand, etc.
Example: Round 372 to the nearest hundred
1. Find the digit in the hundreds place (3)2. Underline it3. Move one digit to the right (7)
“1-4 hit the floor” or “5-9 up the line”
4. Since the number is (7) round the (3) to a 4.5. The answer is 400.
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Place: the location of a digit in a number.
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Value: the value of the place of a digit in a number.
3,425,718
The value of the 4 is: 400,000
The value of the 1 is: 10
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Odd Number: a whole number that ends in 1, 3, 5, 7, or 9 and can’t be divided by 2.
Example: 37 is odd
Even Number: a whole number that ends in 0,2,4,6, or 8 and can be divided by 2.
Example: 86
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Fact Family: Number sentences that relate addition (+) and subtraction (-)
or multiplication (x) and division ( ).
6+8=14 8+6=14
14-6=8 14-6=8
7x5=35 5x7=35
35 7= 5 35 5=7
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Commutative Property (addition and multiplication)
Changing the order of the addends does not change the sum.
3+7=10
7+3=10
Changing the order of numbers we multiply does not change
the product.
4x8=32
8x4=32
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Sum-the answer to and addition problem 3+4=7
Difference- the answer to a subtraction problem 8-3=5
Product-the answer to a multiplication problem 4x5=20
Quotient- the answer to a division problem 30 5=6
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Square Number: the product of a number multiplied by itself
6 x 6 = 36
8 x 8 = 64
3x 3 = 9
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Pattern: a set of repeated numbers, shapes, letters…
3, 7, 11, 5, 19
aa b aa b aa b aa b aa b
∆●◊∆●◊∆●◊∆●◊∆●◊∆●◊
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Equation: a math sentence stating that two expressions are equal.
14 + 8 = 22
14 + x =22
X =8
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Ordered Pair: relationship between x and y on a plane (X, Y).
Example: (2,3) over 2, up 3
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Input/ Output table:
Rule: X 4 Rule: X 6
5 30
6 36
2 12
4 24
5 208 322 87 283 12
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Pictograph Bar Graph Pie Graph Line Graph Line Plot Tally Table
Shows info using pictures
Shows info using bars
(horizontal or vertical)
Shows info in a circle divided
into parts
Uses lines to connect data
A graph showing the frequency of
data on a number line.
Shows data using tally
marks
Data Displays: a way to represent facts or information
Working with Data
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Mean (average): found by adding up the data and dividing by that number.
Median (middle number): found by putting data in order and locating the middle number. If there are 2-average them.
Mode (most often): the number that is seen the most in the data.
Example: 2 + 3 + 10 + 5 = 20 20 4= 5 5 is the mean
Example: 1, 4, 3, 6, 9, 2, 4
Put them in order: 1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 6, 9
Find the middle number: 1,2,3,4,4,6,9
Example: 1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 4, 4, 5, 6, 7
Mode is 4 because that is the number seen the most.
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Range (subtract highest and lowest): the difference between the highest and lowest number in the data.
Likelihood and Probability
Example: 1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 4, 4, 5, 6, 7Subtract highest (7) – lowest (1)Range is: 7- 1 = 6.
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Impossible: an event will not happen (The day after Tuesday is Saturday.)
Unlikely: the event probably will not happen(It will snow in July in Florida.)
Equally likely: the event may or may not happen (You flip heads if you toss a coin.)
Likely: the event probably will happen (It will snow in January in Kentucky.)
Certain: the event will definitely happen(If you add 2 + 2 you will get 4.)
Probability: Possible total
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The probability of spinning an even number (2, 4, 6, 8) is: 4/8 or ½ or 50%
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Combinations: to find the total number of possible combos multiply the number of choices by each other.
Combinations: Blue shirt, brown shorts Blue shirt, grey shorts Green shirt, brown shorts Green shirt, grey shorts White shirt, brown shorts
White shirt, grey shorts
3 x 2 = 6 combinations
Shirt ShortsBlue BrownGreen GreyWhite
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Fraction:
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Fractions that are equal:½ = 2/4, 3/6, 4/8¼ = 2/8, 3/12, 4/16¾ = 6/8, 9/12, 12/16
To find an equivalent fraction remember that what you do to the top, you must do to the bottom.
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Decimals:
Read as: seventeen and five hundred, ninety-one thousandths
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To measure Unit of measurement Tools usedLength Inches, feet, yards, miles,
centimeters, meters, kilometers…
Ruler, yard stick, measuring tape, odometer
Weight Grams, ounces, pounds, tons…
Scale
Temperature Degrees (Celsius and Fahrenheit)
Thermometer
Time Seconds, minutes, hours, weeks, months…
Clock
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Liquid capacity Cups, gallons, quarts, liters… Measuring cups, etc.
Commons Conversions:
Length Weight Time Liquid12 inches (in) = 1 foot (ft)
36 inches = 3 feet = 1 yard
5, 280 feet = 1 mile
16 ounces (oz) = 1 pound (lbs)
2000 pounds = 1 ton
60 seconds = 1 minute
60 minutes = 1 hour
24 hours = 1 day
7 days= 1 week
52 weeks = 1 year
2 cups = 1 pint
2 pints = 1 quart
4 quarts = 1 gallon
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Types of angles:Right Angle Acute Angle Obtuse Angle
equal to 90 ° Less than 90° More than 90 but less than 180°
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2-D GeometryLine Line Segment Ray Perpendicula
r LinesParallel Lines Intersecting
Lines
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a straight figure that goes on forever
Part of a line with two end points
A line that extends from a point
Lines that cross to form four right angles
Lines that never intersect
Lines that cross
Measuring Circles:
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Diameter: the distance across a circleCircumference: the distance around a circle measured by the Diameter (D) x ∏=CRadius: the distance from the center of a circle to the edge. The radius x 2 = diameter
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Triangles can be measured in two ways:
1. by their sides2. by their angles
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BY THEIR SIDES
Scalene - no congruent sides.
Isosceles - two congruent sides.(DF = FE)
Equilateral - three congruent sides.
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BY THEIR ANGLES
Acute - all angles measure less than 90º.
Right - one angle measures exactly 90º.
Obtuse - one angle measures more than 90º.
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Parts of a 3-D shape:
TranslationsFaces Edges Vertex
5 9 6
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