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KENDRIYA VIDYALAYABOLPUR
MATHS POWER POINT PRESENTATION
Prepared by : Srijoti Mukherjee
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TOPIC:
ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS AND
IDENTIES
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Some terms related to algebraic expression
i} ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSION: A combination of constants
and variables connected by the signs of fundamental
operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication or
division is called an algebraic expression.
Expression
coefficient of x 4x+6 constant
variable
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ii} CONSTANT : It has a fixed value.Examples: 1,2,-4,-78 etc..
iii} VARIABLE: It can take various values. Its value is not fixed. We use alphabetical letters to denote variables.
Examples: x,y,a,b,c,z etc..iv} VALUE OF ANY EXPRESSION: suppose the expression is: 4x-2 at
x=3, 4x-2 ,x=3 =4X3-2 =12-2 = 10
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TYPES OF ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS:i} MONOMIALS: An algebraic expression is called
a monomial, if there is only one term in the
expression. Examples: x, 3z, 4y, 76x etc..ii} BINOMIALS: An expression containing only
two terms is called a binomial. Examples: x+y, y-5x, 3y*5z etc..iii} TRINOMIALS: An expression containing only
three terms is called a trinomial.
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iv} POLYNOMIALS: Polynomials are algebraic
expressions having variables with non-negative
integral indices only. A polynomial may contains any
number of terms, one or more than one.
Examples: p +q +r +s, 8xy, 5x + 3y + 7z etc..
Note: Every polynomial is an algebraic
expression but every algebraic expression is not a
polynomial.
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v} LIKE TERMS: Terms having same variables with
same exponents are called like terms. We can add or
subtract the coefficients of like terms only.
Example: 7x,4x,-15x are like terms.vi} UNLIKE TERMS: Terms having same
variables with different exponents or different
variables with same or different exponents are called unlike
terms.Example: 5x and 6y are unlike terms.
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ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION *Algebraic expressions are added or
subtracted by adding or subtracting like terms of the
expressions. ADDITION: Add 42x+12y and 12xy+3x-8y 42x+ 12y+ 12xy+ 3x- 8y = 42x+3x +12y -8y + 12xy = 45x + 4y + 12xy (ans). SUBTRACTION: Subtract 9x -10 from 4x+5. 4x+5 – 9x -10 = 4x-9x + 5-10 = -5x – 5 (ans).
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MULTIPLICATIONProduct of coefficients =coefficient of
first polynomial X coefficient of second polynomial.Product of algebraic factor =algebraic
factor of first polynomial X algebraic factor of second polynomial.
MULTIPLICATION: i} 5x (7y+6z) = 5x X 7y + 5x
X 6z = 35xy + 30xz
(ans). ii} (5x-6y) (4w+2z) =
5x(4w+2z) – 6y(4w+2z) = 5xX 4w+5x X 2z –
6y X 4w+ (-6y) X 2z = 20xw+10xz-
24yw – 12yz (ans).
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CONCEPTS OF EQUATIONS AND IDENTITIES Algebric expression when equated
to some constant or other expression, gives rise to an equation.
OR, As the name suggests, an expression
with an equality sign, is commonly termed as equation.
An equality which is true for every value of the variable or variables is called an identity.
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SOME STANDARD IDENTITIES:
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WISHING THANKS TO: My Maths Teacher, math
books, internet and Wikipedia .