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Matko MilinFaculty of Science,
University of Zagreb,Croatia
Reactions induced by low energy 6He beam
S.Blagus, D.Jelavić, Ð.Miljanić, N.Soić, M.Uroić, M.Zadro
Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
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neutronhalo
neutronskin
protonhalo
10He
neutron drip
line
Introduction: light nuclei
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Introduction: 6He structure Borromean structure two loosely bound neutrons
orbiting an -core large interaction radius! RRMS≈ 2.5 fm vs. RRMS()≈ 1.7 fm components: di-neutron and cigar-
like
M.V. Zhukov et al, Phys. Rep. 231 (1993) 151
6He J= 0+,
S1n=1.87 MeV, S2n=0.97 MeV, T1/2=0.807 s
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Introduction: 6He induced reactions
before our campaign: elastic scattering on different targets two-neutron transfer reaction 4He(6He,) break-up reactions suppression or enhancement of 6He-
induced fusion? …
what happens when another particle is added to such an loose object? would “nuclear molecules” be formed?
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Introduction: nuclear molecules
similar to atomic case: two strongly bound inert cores (e.g. -particles) weak attractive potential that becomes
repulsive at small distances weakly bound single-particle orbits of valence
particles large transfer probability of valence particlesessential difference: mass of valence
particles (electrons vs. nucleons)
equality of valence particles and parts of cores (identical nucleons Pauli principle!) W.von Oertzen
Z.Phys. A354 (1996) 37W.von Oertzen et al,
Phys. Rep. 432 (2006) 43
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Nuclear molecules: experimental signatures
production reaction mechanism:
cluster transfers preferred decay reduced widths:
large for cluster decay “resonant particle decay spectroscopy”:
production of the state of interest and its sequential decay
rotational bands (deformed quantum objects can rotate!) strong gamma-transitions within members of band parity splitting
“complete” spectroscopy!
wave function overlap
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two cyclotrons primary beam: protons at 30 MeV
- intensity: 0.5 mA (15 kW at target!) production reaction: 7Li(p,2p)6He
Louvain-la-Neuve RNB facility
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Louvain-la-Neuve RNB facility
two cyclotrons primary beam: protons at 30 MeV
- intensity: 0.5 mA (15 kW at target!) production reaction: 7Li(p,2p)6He 6He extracted and purified with electric /
magnetic fields and chemical traps (as fast as possible)
secondary beam (6He):
- energy: 5-70 MeV
- intensity: up to 106 - 107 pps (≈ pA)
- only impurity: HeH2
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Detectors
silicon strip detectors different configurations developed in
collaboration with Micron Semiconductors Ltd.
modular design allows different geometries dimensions: up to 5cm x 5cm, thickness 20-
1000 m
T. Davinson et al, Nucl.Instrum.Meth. A454 (2000) 544
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Detector set-ups
small intensity of RNBs large solid angle covered
20 sectors with 16 silicon strip-detectors, grouped into 3 arrays:
- LEDA (4-12 deg) - LAMP1 (20-65 deg) - LAMP2 (115-160 deg)
6He+6,7Li,9Be,12C
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LAMP
CD/PAD LEDA
FCT
small intensity of RNBs large solid angle covered
CD – 40 m thick E detector segmented into 4x16 strips
PAD – 500 m thick E detector segmented into 4 quadrants
Detector set-ups
6He+1,2H,12,14C,16O
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Experimental results
elastic and inelastic scattering on 6Li, 7Li, 9Be, 12C and 19F
large cross sections for 6He induced -particle pick-up to some 10Be states
first results for the (6He,8Be) two-proton pick-up reactions on 9Be, 12C, 16O and 19F
(6He,) transfer reactions studied on 6Li, 7Li, 9Be, 12C and 19F
widths, spins and parities for several 10Be states decay mode for 9Be, 10Be, 11Be and 14C states quasi-free scattering of 6He on deuteron in 6Li and
on -particle in 9Be production of 10-12B by fusion in 6He+6Li and 6He+7Li
reactions …
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Transfer reactions: (6He,8Be)
8Begs= 2+93 keV: unique signature simple extraction
other advantages: 0+, Q-values, wave-function overlaps,…
clearly observed on the 12C (clearly direct!), 16O and 19F (populating many states in 10Be, 14C and 17N) M.Milin et al,
Phys.Rev. C70 (2004) 044603
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6He
10Be
6He6Li
2H
Sequential decay reactions
several 10Be states seen in 6,7Li(6He, 10Be* 6He)3,2H reaction
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Results for 10Be: resonant elastic scattering
EExx=10.2 MeV=10.2 MeV JJ=4=4++
with 4He gas target: 6He+4He 10Be* 6He+4He
the 10.15 MeV state again the strongest
M.Freer et al, Phys.Rev.Lett. 96 (2006) 042501
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22++ state at E state at Exx= 7.54 = 7.54 MeVMeV
very strong in -transfer observed -decay large -reduced width
state at Estate at Exx= 10.15 = 10.15 MeVMeV
the strongest peak in 6He+ coincidences J=4+ assignment favoured
known 0known 0++ intruder state intruder state at Eat Exx= 6.18 MeV= 6.18 MeV
NUCLEAR MOLECULE!NUCLEAR MOLECULE!
M.Milin et al, Nucl.Phys. A753 (2005) 263
rotational bandrotational band
extreme deformation! moment of inertia >2.5 times larger than for already deformed 10Be ground state band
Results for 10Be
M.Freer et al, Phys.Rev.Lett. 96 (2006) 042501
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22++ state at E state at Exx= 7.54 = 7.54 MeVMeV
very strong in -transfer observed -decay large -reduced width
state at Estate at Exx= 10.15 = 10.15 MeVMeV
the strongest peak in 6He+ coincidences J=4+ assignment favoured
known 0known 0++ intruder state intruder state at Eat Exx= 6.18 MeV= 6.18 MeV
M.Milin et al, Nucl.Phys. A753 (2005) 263
Results for 10Be
M.Freer et al, Phys.Rev.Lett. 96 (2006) 042501
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Theory: 10Be
Y
.Kan
ad
a-E
n'y
o e
t al,
P
hys.
Rev.
C 6
0 (
1999)
064304
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Catania/Edinburgh/LLN/Zagreb collaboration: 6He+64Zn in LLN
fusion cross section NOT enhanced!
reaction cross section
enhanced
Fusion of halo nuclei around barrier
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... 7Li+7Li (Zagreb ‘94) 7Li+9Be, 7Li+11B (Catania, ‘96) 6He+6Li (Louvain-la-Neuve, ‘98) 6He+6Li, 6He+7Li, 6He+12C (Louvain-la-Neuve, ‘99) 7Li+7Li (Zagreb ‘99) 18O+9Be (Catania, ‘00) 13C+9Be (Catania, ‘02) 6He+14C, 6He+9Be (Louvain-la-Neuve, ‘05) …
+ in collaboration with Berlin group: 14N+10Be, 7Li+9Be, 18O+13C, 12C+12C, 12C+13C, 12C+14C, 7Li+12-
14C, ...+ in collaboration with Birmingham group: 9Be+7Li, 7Li+7Li, 10Be+12C, 18O+12C, 13C+14C, 18O+9Be, 12Be+12C, 6He+4He, ...
Nuclear molecules: list of experiments
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IRB-experiments: 10.15 MeV state in 10Be
Zagreb: 7Li(7Li,6He)4He at 8 MeV
decay mode: alpha-particle emission
10.6 MeV state: decays by neutron emission
N. Soić et al, Europhys. Lett. 34 (1996) 7
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DSSSD
DSSSD
T FC
Conclusions and outlook
different reactions measured with 6He radioactive
beam: 6He+1,2H,4He,6,7Li,9Be,12,14C,16O clustering in 8Li, 9Be, 10Be, 11Be, 14C studied (partial) angular distributions obtained for different transfer reactions, some data still under analysis (part of) future work of Zagreb group: 7Be induced reactions!
7Be+6,7Li approved in LLN, to be
measured in automn 2008
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ISOLDE, CERN 11/06
property of theHuelva group
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Collaborators Ð.Miljanić, S. Blagus, D.Jelavić, N.Soić, M.Uroić,
M.Zadro, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia;
M.Majer, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia;
C.Angulo, E.Casarejos, N.de Sereville, A.M.Sánchez-Benitez, Institut de Physique Nucléaire, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium;
S.Cherubini, A.Di Pietro, P.Figuera, M.Lattuada, A.Maggio, A.Musumarra, M.G.Pellegriti, C.Spitaleri,
LNS, INFN, Catania, Italy;
T.Davinson, A.N.Ostrowski, A.C.Shotter, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh,
Great Britain;
N.Ashwood, N.Curtis, M.Freer, D.Price, V.Ziman,University of Birmingham, Birmingham,
United Kingdom;
L.Acosta, M.A.G.Alvarez, I.Martel. Universidad de Huelva, Huelva, Spain
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Introduction
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6He+1H elastic scattering, two neutron transfer
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Quasi-free scattering 6He quasi-free scattering off d- and -clusters in 6Li observed, and not observed for the case of 7Li (L=0 for -d in 6Li and L=1 for -t in 7Li)
Ð.M
ilja
nić
et
al,
to b
e
pu
blish
ed
d3dEd1d2
~ k.f. |(q)|2 d212
d
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Fusion strong contribution from the xLi+ coincidences observed (in both 6He+6Li and 6He+7Li)
peaks corresponding to the 10-12B states identified…
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the influence of halo structure on reaction mechanism around the Coulomb barrier
theory:
1) fusion probability enhanced because weakly bound neutrons effectively reduces the barrier
Fusion of halo-nuclei around the barrier
animation taken from: http://fys.kuleuven.be/iks/lisol/research/fusion/6hefusion_g
eneralpub.htm
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Fusion of halo-nuclei around the barrier
animation taken from: http://fys.kuleuven.be/iks/lisol/research/fusion/6hefusion_g
eneralpub.htm
the influence of halo structure on reaction mechanism around the Coulomb barrier
theory:
2) fusion suppressed due to projectile break-up
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Fusion of halo-nuclei around the barrier the influence of halo structure on reaction
mechanism around the Coulomb barrier
theory:
3) fusion probability enhanced because weakly bound projectiles tunnels
animation taken from: http://fys.kuleuven.be/iks/lisol/research/fusion/6hefusion_g
eneralpub.htm
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First results:6He+209Bi - J.J.Kolata et al., Phys.Rev.Lett. 81 (1998) 4580
6He+238U – M.Trotta et al., Phys.Rev.Lett. 84 (2000) 2342
...
reaction cross section enhanced
fusion cross section enhanced
transfer cross sections large
break-up cross sections large
Fusion of halo-nuclei around the barrier
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Catania/Edinburgh/LLN/Zagreb collaboration: 6He+64Zn in LLN
fusion cross section NOT enhanced!
A.Di Pietro et al., Europhys.Lett. 64 (2003) 309
A.Di Pietro et al., Phys. Rev. C 69 (2004) 044613
Fusion of halo-nuclei around the barrier
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Catania/Edinburgh/LLN/Zagreb collaboration: 6He+64Zn in LLN
fusion cross section NOT enhanced!
Fusion of halo-nuclei around the barrier
reaction cross section
enhanced
The same results for 6He+238U R.Raabe et al.,
Nature 431 (2004) 823
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M.Milin et al, Nucl. Phys. A746 (2004) 183
M.Milin et al, Nucl. Phys. A730 (2004) 285
Elastic and inelastic scattering
fair agreement with optical model predictions, using the 6Li –potentials
half of 15% enhancement for the 12C target due to the Borromean structure of 6He (Matsumoto et al., PRC 70, 061601)
inelastic scattering observed only for the first excited state of 12C and 9Be
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Elastic and inelastic scattering
6He+9Be 17 MeV
analysis by Marija Majer
elasticinelastic
6He+9Be @ 17 MeV
only inelastic peak corresponds to the 2.45 MeV state
different states seen in the 9Be(6He,)11Be reaction, still under analysis
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Transfer reactions
large solid angle
large efficiency for detecting coincidences
partial angular distributions:
1H(6He,)3H
6Li(6He,)8Li
6Li(6He,t)9Be
6Li(6He,d)10Be
7Li(6He,)9Li
7Li(6He,t)10Be
12C(6He,)14C
… M.Milin et al,
Nucl. Phys. A746 (2004) 183
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Transfer reactions: 6He+6Li +8Li
direct transfers of 2n and d allow comparison of the +2n configuration in 6He with the +d configuration in 6Li
spectroscopic factors equal within 10%
more complete angular distributions needed! M.Milin et al,
Phys.Atom.Nucl. 69 (2006) 1360
2-mode DWBA
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M.Milin et al, Europhys.Lett. 48 (1999) 616
and to be published
Results for 10Be: transfer reactions 6Li and 7Li: -cluster
structure ideal targets for -pickup
large cross sections for -transfer to some high-excited 10Be states observed
at least one of the states of the doublet at ≈7.5 MeV shows strong -clustering
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M.Milin et al, Nucl.Phys. A730 (2004) 285and Eur.Phys.J. A, accepted
Sequential decay reactions
triple coincidences 6He+12C 10Be+2 strong peaks corresponding to 10Be g.s., 2+ and groups of states at ≈ 6.0 and ≈ 7.5 MeV seen
cluster states in 14C reconstructed – no strong selectivity
problems with the 14C target 16C spectrum not clean
16C
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10.15 MeV state in 10Be
The data has never been published!
“weak resonances for En= 3.73 and 4.27 MeV (Ex=10.15 and 10.65 MeV in 10Be)”
9Be(n,)6He reaction (3.3 – 6.1 MeV):
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10.15 MeV state in 10Be
A.A. Ogloblin et al., Heidelberg conference '69
Dubna: 7Li(7Li,)10Be reaction at 30 MeV
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10.15 MeV state in 10Be
S.Hamada et al, Phys. Rev. C 49 (1994) 3192
Tokyo: 7Li(p)10Be reaction at 65 MeV
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10.15 MeV state in 10Be
FSU: 7Li(7Li,6He)4He and 6Li(7Li,6He)3He at 34 MeV
same experiment:
- first observation of the -decay of the 2+ state at Ex= 7.54 MeV;
- decay energy only 129 keV very large reduced width!
N. Curtis et al, Phys. Rev. C 64 (2001)044604
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10.15 MeV state in 10Be
Catania: 7Li+7Li and 7Li+9Be at 30 MeV
Đ. Miljanić et al, Fizika B 10 (2001) 235
+ 6He(0+)
Decay:
+ 6He(2+)
+ 6He(0+)
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Other A=10 nuclei: 10B and 10C
10Be: rotational band of very deformed states established!
analogue states in 10B and 10C?
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10B
Zagreb: p+9Be excitation functions from 5.5-9.5 MeV
diploma thesis D.Jelavić
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10B
Zagreb: p+9Be excitation functions from 5.5-9.5 MeV
diploma thesis D.Jelavić
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10B
Zagreb: p+9Be excitation functions from 5.5-9.5 MeV
diploma thesis D.Jelavić
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10B
Zagreb: p+9Be excitation functions from 5.5-9.5 MeV
diploma thesis D.Jelavić
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10B
Zagreb: 11B(3He,)6Li at 15 MeV
analysis by M.Uroić
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10B
Zagreb: 11B(3He,)6Li at 15 MeV
preliminary
analysis by M.Uroić
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10B and 10C6Li+7Li 3He+10Be* 3He++6He
6Li+7Be
3He+10B* (T=1) 3He++6Li (T=1)
t+10C* t++6Be t+++2p
7Li+7Be +10B* (T=1) +6Li (T=1)
7Li+7Li +10Be* ++6He
N.Curtis et al, Phys.Rev.C 64 (2001) 044604
appr
oved
in
LLN new results on 10C, talk by
N.Curtis, Tuesday 17:00
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M.Milin et al, Nucl.Phys. A753 (2005) 263
triple coincidences observed: 6He+6Li 6He++d 6He+7Li 6He++t 6He+6Li 2+t+n 6He+12C 10Be+2 decay and structure of some 9Be and 14C states studied
peak in 8Be excitation spectrum at ≈0.5 MeV: decay of the 2.45 MeV state in 9Be through the 8Be*(2+)+n channel (or 5He+?)
(double coincidencesnot enough!)
Sequential decay reactions
6He+6Li 2+t+n
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Results for 10Be: sequential decay reactions
several 10Be states seen in 6,7Li(6He, 10Be* 6He)3,2H reaction
large reduced width for -decay found for the 2+ state at Ex= 7.54 MeV; agrees with the results of Liendo et al, Phys. Rev. C 2001.
the 10.15 MeV state is always the strongest peak in the 6He+ coincidences
M.Milin et al, Nucl.Phys. A753 (2005) 263
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6He+6Li 10Be*+d 6He+6Li+d
angular correlations between the decay products can be used to assign spin and parity of the state that decays (if the decay products have J= 0+)
Monte Carlo simulations compared with the exp. results strongly favour J=4+
10Be, Ex= 10.15 MeV, J = 4+
M.Milin et al, Nucl.Phys. A753 (2005) 263