Transcript
- Slide 1
- Matter
- Slide 2
- 1. Matter-Anything that takes up space and has mass. 2. Mass is the measure of the amount of matter an object contains. A balance measures mass Weight is a measure of the pull of gravity on the matter in an object; *spring scales measure weight (pull of gravity) **Weight can change but mass does not 3. Volume-how much space an object occupies Regular objects (definite shapes): V=lwh *a box, table, ice cube, etc. Irregular shapes: displacement of water *beans in a graduated cykinder
- Slide 3
- 1. Atoms are extremely small. it would take a stack of about 50,000 aluminum atoms to equal the thickness of a sheet of aluminum foil from your kitchen. if you could enlarge a penny until it was as wide as the US, each of its atoms would be only about 3 cm in diameter about the size of a ping-pong ball a human hair is about 1 million carbon atoms wide. a typical human cell contains roughly 1 trillion atoms. a speck of dust might contain 3x10 12 (3 trillion) atoms. it would take you around 500 years to count the number of atoms in a grain of salt. www.deckersfoods.com C-C-C-C-C- + 999,995 more 1 trillion atoms . Is made of approximately 3 trillion atoms Just one of these grains
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- 2. Molecule-2 or more atoms combined This can be the same kind of atoms or different atoms. ozone water 3. Atoms and molecules are always in motion
- Slide 5
- 1.Particle arrangement and energy determines the state a.Solid-have a definite volume and definite shape; molecules vibrate in place-low kinetic energy b.Liquid-No definite shape but definite volume; molecules move slowly (kinetic energy increases) c.Gas-no definite shape or volume; move very fast with high kinetic energy
- Slide 6
- Close up view of atoms and their behavior Animated images are from http://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/http://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/
- Slide 7
- What states of matter are represented in the photograph?
- Slide 8
- Kinetic energy increases as heat is added YOU MAY WANT TO DRAW THIS
- Slide 9
- Makes up 99% of the visible universe The most common form of matter A charged gas full of energy Plasma can be found in the Sun and Stars and Lightning d. Plasma-a special state
- Slide 10
- a. Changing states requires a change in pressure or temperature b. Processes of change 1. gas to liquid 2. liquid to solid 3. solid to liquid 4. Liquid to gas condensation freezing melting evaporation, boiling
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- Materials differ in terms of the kind of matter they contain. Matter that has a uniform and definite composition is called a substance. Substances can be identified as either an element, compound, or a mixture.
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- A pure substance that cannot be broken down any further contain just one type of atom Atoms are the smallest part of an element Can exist as a single atom or a molecule (2 atoms joined) Symbol-represents an element Examples might be Oxygen (O), Nitrogen (N), Carbon (C) and Hydrogen (H). These 4 are necessary to all life
- Slide 13
- contains two or more different atoms joined together. This is a molecule and it is the smallest part of a compound a chemical reaction is needed to separate elements in a compound. Examples would be water, salt, sugar Represented by formulas: H 2 O, NaCl, C 6 H 12 O 6
- Slide 14
- 3. mixture 1. A mixture contains two or more different substances that are only be physically joined together, not chemically. A mixture can contain both elements and compounds. There are two kinds of mixtures. Homogenous a. Homogenous -equal parts; evenly mixed solutions like saltwater or koolaid. Homogeneous -uneven mix of parts. Many settle out depending on weight. Examples might include milk, muddy water and salad dressing b. Homogeneous -uneven mix of parts. Many settle out depending on weight. Examples might include milk, muddy water and salad dressing
- Slide 15
- E. Properties of Matter 1. Properties used to describe matter can be classified as: a. Extensive depends on the amount of matter in the sample - Mass, volume, calories are examples b. Intensive depends on the type of matter, not the amount present - Hardness, Density, Boiling Point
- Slide 16
- 2. Types of properties are a. Physical Properties- a property that can be observed and measured without changing the materials composition (identity). -Examples- color, hardness, melting point, boiling point, texture, odor, size b. Chemical Properties- a property that can only be observed by changing the composition (identity) of the material. -Examples- ability to burn, decompose, ferment, react with oxygen, etc.
- Slide 17
- . 1. Physical change- A type of change that alters a material without changing its chemical composition. Boil, melt, cut, bend, split, crack Is boiled water still water? Is a cut piece of wood still wood? Can be reversible, or irreversible
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- 2. Chemical change - a change where a new substance is formed that is different than the original Examples: Burning, corroding, decomposing Evidence of a chemical change include Energy (light, heat or both) is absorbed or released Endothermic-heat is absorbed cooling temperatures Exothermic-heat is released raising temperatures and often giving off light Color changes Gas production (bubbling, fizzing, or odor change; smoke)