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Matter and Molecules
ReviewChapter 3 Review
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Vocabulary
In living things, carbohydrates are broken down into ______________ for fuel.
Simple Sugars
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Vocabulary
Long chains of _______ make proteins.
Amino Acids
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Vocabulary
A chemical reaction can be represented by a __________.
Chemical Equation
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Vocabulary
A substance that is made up of more than one kind of element is called a ___________.
Compound
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Vocabulary
Anything that takes up space and has mass is _________.
Matter
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Vocabulary
The raw materials in a chemical reaction are called __________.
Reactants
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Vocabulary
Cell activities in living things are directed by ___________.
Nucleic Acids
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What’s the Difference?
Chemical Symbol vs. Chemical Formula
Symbol- one- or two-letter symbol for an element. Formula- combination of chemical symbols used to represent a compound.
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What’s the Difference?
Reactant vs. Product
Reactant- substance used up in chemical reaction (usually on left). Product- substance that is produced by a chemical reaction (right side).
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What’s the Difference?
Amino acids vs. Nucleic Acids
Amino Acids- building blocks of proteins. Nucleic Acids- molecules that help direct cell activities and cell reproduction.
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What the Difference?
Mixture vs. Solution
Mixture- two or more compounds that do not combine chemically. Solution- type of mixture in which the substances mix evenly.
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What’s the Difference?
Element vs. Compound
Element- basic substances that make up matter. Compound- substance made up of more than one element.
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What’s the Difference
Organic Compound vs. Inorganic Compound
Organic- found in living things and generally contain Carbon. Inorganic- generally do not contain Carbon.
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What’s the Difference?
Atom vs. Molecule
Atom- building blocks of elements. Molecules- building blocks of compounds.
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Check Your Knowledge
How many types of atoms can be contained in an element?
One
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Check Your Knowledge
How does your body use proteins?
Proteins are used to build and repair body parts, to speed up chemical reactions, and to protect the body from diseases.
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Check Your Knowledge
What is Matter?
Matter is anything that takes up space and has mass.
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Check Your Knowledge
Starches and sugars are examples of what type of organic compound?
Carbohydrates
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Check Your Knowledge
What form of matter has definite volume but not definite shape?
Liquid
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Check Your Knowledge
Name the three phases of matter.
Solid, Liquid, Gas
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Check Your Knowledge
What happens during a chemical change?
Atoms are rearranged to form new compounds.
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Check Your Knowledge
How do chemists represent elements?
With one- or two-letter symbols.
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Check Your Knowledge
What is the difference between organic and inorganic compounds?
Organic contain Carbon; inorganic don’t.
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Check Your Knowledge
Give an example of a physical change.
Ex. Ice melting, ripping a piece of paper, cutting a rubber band.
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True or False?
Molecules are made up of atoms and are the building blocks of elements.
False; Compounds
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True of False?
A physical change occurs when ice melts.
True
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True or False?
A chemical change affects a substance’s characteristics but does not change its identity.
False; Physical Change
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True of False?
Organic compounds include proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids.
True
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True of False?
In chemical equations, chemical formulas represent compounds.
True
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True or False?
You balance a chemical equation by placing letters called coefficients in front of the chemical formulas.
False; Numbers
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Check Your Understanding
What is the difference between a solid, a liquid, and a gas?
Solid- definite shape and volume; particles close together. Liquid- definite volume. Gas- no definite shape or volume; particles spread out.
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Check Your Understanding
What are the three parts that make up an atom? What are their charges? Where are they located?
Protons- in nucleus; positive charge. Neutron- in nucleus; no charge. Electron floating around nucleus; negative charge.
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Check Your Understanding
What do the subscripts in a chemical formula indicate?
The number of atoms in a molecule.
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Check Your Understanding
What’s the difference between DNA and RNA?
DNA- directs cell to perform processes. RNA- carries information elsewhere in cell.
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Check Your Understanding
How many Hydrogen atoms are in the molecule: 2C6H12O6
24