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Rosalind A. Key850 N Stemmons Fwy, Ste. 2085Daas TX 75247
U.S Department of Justice
Executiv Ofce r Immgraon Revew
Board ofImmigration ApealsOce of he Cerk
5 07 Leesburg Pik, Sute 2000Fl Chc Vgna 2204/
OHS/ICE ffice of Chief Counse - DAL125 E. John Carpenter Fwy Ste. 500Irving TX 750622324
Name: GMEZ ARGUETA, ARICI J ... A 092627
Date of this notic e: 8/18/2015
closed s a coresy copy o he Board's decson the above-erc case.
clos
Panel Members:
O'Herron, Magaet M
Sicry,
DG cWDonna Carre Crk
Useram:
For more unpublished BIA decisions, visitwww.irac.net/unpublished/index/
I m m i r a n t & R e f u
e e A p p e l l a t e C e n
t e r , L L C| w w w . i r a
c . n e t
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· U.S. Depatent of JusicExecutive Oce r Imtion Review
Decison of the Bod of Imiation Apeals
Fas Chrch, Vrgna 22041
Fl: A091 26 27 - ll, TX
I r: MARICIO OE GOMEZARETA
IN EMOVAL PROCEEING
APPEAL AN MOTION
ON BEHALF OF EPONENT: Pr 1
ON BEHALF OF d vA C Cl
CARE:
:
N: 237( )(2)(A )(), I& N A [8 C § 12 7( )(2)(A )()]
AUG l 8 2015
Cv r mr rm vlvg mrl rd ( d)
APPLICATION: T
T Hml ry (") h ld m I dg' 8, 2014, g rg b dd gg h rd
rg y h l, H h l bmd "M mw Prjd wh rm w rr b rd v d m vlvg mr Th H rg,wvr, h Imm dg g rg "wh rjd rq Br d rm rg "w rjd
A rlmry mr, h H d h h rd rmvbl rg rdg wr rrly rr, w ll Im dg rdg
A H rg rdg hld h b rmd "w
r, mm g dg "w rd rld h m g w rg Ay gm b r h rg rl r rl by h Imm g mr g "h rjd mr rrly ddr y r rdg
I A m r ry b ld h rd bhl by yw gld bm Frm EO27, rr by 8 CFR § 100( )(2) Trr, m r rd b rdg r A y, hwvr, w wll d y h y wh bm m
I m m i g r a n t & R e f u g e e A p p e l l a t e C e n
t e r , L L C| w w w . i r a
c . n e t
Cite as: Mauricio Jose Gomez-Argueta, A091 261 217 (BIA Aug. 18, 2015)
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• I
A091261217
Acordngly e flog orders will be etered.
ORDER: e appeal is dsmssed
FURTHER ORDER: The moo is deed
2
I m m i g r a n t & R e f
u g e e A p p e l l a t e C e n t e r , L L C| w w w . i r
a c . n e t
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�I
UIED STAES DPARMEN OF JUSICEEXECUE OIC OR IMMIGRAION RVEW
TED STES IMMIGRAIO COURDLLAS, EAS
Fle: 091-2627 anury 8 204
In the Matter o
MAURICIO JOSE OMEZ ARUEA))
))
N REMOVAL ROEEDIG
RSPODENT
CHRGE
APPCTIONS
Sectin 237(a)(2)A)(i) o the Immigaton ad atonaity Act, asamndd in tht t ay tme afte amission yu have bencncted o two cimes invovng moal turpitde not asng out oa singe sceme o cmnl mscondct
O BAL O RESPONDE ROSAND KELLY8500 rth Stemmons Feewy Sute 2085alas exs 75247
ON BEHALF OF S DANILE FREN Esque Assstat Che Counselalas xas
ORAL DCIION O THE IMIGRATIO JUDGERespondnt is a ntve and citizn o El Salvd. e adjusted his status
ta o a lawu peranent esn on r aout y 2 992 t r nr alas,
Texas On Mrch 4 20, he was cnvicte in the Couty Crminal Cut Numer
Dnton County Texs r the oense assault amly olence n viaton o Sectin
!• i•......0.. Z?.•. ... H ;
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2201 f the exa enal Cde See xhbt 1 and 3.
On hat ae date he wa convicted in he County Criinal Curt
Nube 1 at Denton County Texa f the ene of deadly cnduct in volatin f
Secton 2205 of the Texa Pena Cde xhii 1 and 3
On Augut 22 2011 the repndent wa pesonally ered with a Noce
t Appea chagng hi wth eal unde Sectin 237(a)(2)(A) () of the migaton
and Natonaliy Ac (Ac) n that aer adion, he wa cnvicted f tw ce
invlvng oa tuptude not aring ou f a ingle chee of crinal miconduct
xhiit 1
On Octbe 20 2011 the repndent appeaed n cut f a ater
calendar heang A hat time he aditted to the factual allegatn 1 and 2 conained
in the Notce to Appea but denied alegaton 3, 4, and 5 regading h convctin and
tha he cre ae out of a inge chee f crinal icnuc
he Cout fund that the Gvernmen had peented cea and convncng
edence f the cnvctn though ubiin he epondent' cnvictn ecord
See 8 CFR Sectin 1208.B(a) Repndent a denied te charge eova under
Secton 237(a)(2)(A)(i) f the Act (two cie nvolng oal turptude nt aiing out of
a ingle chee).
he ue now befe the Curt i whethe esponden removable a
charged
EGAL FNINGS AN ANAYSShe Gvernment ha the buden t pre eova y clea and convincing
evidence See 8 CFR Sectin 1240.Ba) he Act de not defne h tem ce
nvoving mral tupitude Hwever t ha geneally been defned a any cre hat
inheeny bae e depaved and cntay t the accepted rule of oay and he
A09-261217 2 Januay 8 2014
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dts wd btwn rsons r t scty n gneral Mat f Oluin 3 l&N Dc.
896 BA 006
Mrv th Fh Crcut as hld hat a crim invlving mral urpude
s an act which shcks th blc cnscnc and at s s rally rhnsbl and
ntrnscall wrng tat i s th nar th act tsl and no h statr f prhbiin of
t which rndrs a cim n mal tuid GarcaMaldonado v Gonzals 49
Fd 84 85 (5th Cir 007) S als Hadan v NS 98 F3d 83 86 (5th C
996
Amng th tess to dermin wher a cr invlvs oral rpid is
wthr t act s dn wllflly or wth an vl sat mnd Matt f Krn l&N
Dc 104 046 (A 97
Hwvr, a cri involvng mral rtd ds nt ncssaly equr
spcic inn Matt f Slvarvn 4 l&N Dc 689.
nsad i rqurs s dgre f scnt inclding scic nen
dliberatnss wlllnss clssnss cld wih rhnsibl cndct. Matr
SlvaTrevno
In rd o dermne whehr a cnvction s for a crim invlving mal
turptud t migran Jdg shuld irs lk t th satu of cnvctn undr th
catgrcal inqury and dern whh hr s a "ralstc rbablity" tha th Sat
r Fedral crnal satu wld b alied t rach cndc ha dos nt invlv
mral turpitd Matr f Silvarvino 689 690.Sch an nqiry dos n involve an xainatn of h spcic facs o
te alien's crme Mattr Slvarvin 696
I a catgrcal inqury dos n sov th qustin th migration
Jdg shld ngag in a dfid caegrcal arach and xan th rcrd of
A09261-7 3 anuary 8 04
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coviction icuding documents such s the idictmet udgment of convicton juy
istructios sgned guilty pe or pe transcripts Mtter of Silv-Trevo 690
Lst f the coviction is sti inconcusive the mmigration Judge my
consder y ddition evidence deemed necessry or approprite to dequtely
resolve the morl turpitude question Matter of SilvTrevo
Pursuant to the Mtter of Silv-revino the ttorney Geera i redefinig
the ctegoric pproch, directed mmgrtio Judges to egge i a ctegoricl
iquiry. ht is to pply restic probbiity approch i.e to sk whether, t the time
of the lien's removal proceedings y actul exists and which reevnt crimn sttute
ws ppied to conduct th dd invove mor turpiude. Mtter of Sva-revno, 697,
698
Upon pplying the relistic probbility method if the sttute hs not bee
so pplied i any cse the mmgrtion Judge my reasonbly conclude that
covictions uder the sttute my ctegoricaly be treated s oes invovig mor
turpitude. Mtter of Slv-revio.
However, shoud the lnguge of the criml sttute encompss both
conduct tht voves morl turpitude nd coduct tht does not nd there s cse
which the reevnt crimia sttute h·s bee pplied to the tter category of coduct
the statute is divisibe d an Iigrtio Judge cannot ctegorcy tret ll
covictions uder the sttute s convictos or crmes tht ivove mora turptude
Mtter of Siv-revo 6he ord hs indicated tht ssult may or my not invove moral
turptue. Mtter of Solon 24 l& Dec. 239 24 B 200); tter of Sudo, 23 &N
Dec 968 (2006)
Simpe ssuts re generaly not consdered to be crimes invoving morl
A09-26-21
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4 Jnury 8, 20
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r·
turpitude. However assaul oenses may se to the eve f cmes invovng moa
uptude hey invove agavatn factors Mate o Sanudo, 23 l&N Dec 971
Aravan acos may nclude he knowng o atped use of dad
fce te nenonal nlcon o seous bod njury o assaul oenses inlcted upon
a peson wo scey vews as deseng o specal potecton suc as a chd a
domesc partner o a peace oce ater o Sanudo 971 97
Inay he Court nds tha he assau statute at ssue in ths cas,
Secon 2201 o te Texas Penal Code s a dvsibe satue encopassn a range o
conduc o ha o de miniis oching hough pysica conac causng bodiy nuy
o a spouse See Section 2201 (a) o the Texas ena Code and (b) See aso
Esaza-Roquez v Hode 699 F3d 821 823 (5h C 201) See also ae o
Soon 24 & Dec 241
hus a convcon unde this statue cannot categorica be a ci
nvovng ma tupitude because he fu ane o conduct pohied n he staut does
not suppot suc a indng ater o Sanudo l&N Dec 972
oeove ee ae exapes o actal cases appyn he satue ssud
o conduc not involvn oral tuptude Mate o Guman 25 & Dec 465 BA
2011) See aso ate o Garcia, 2007 WL 1180971 (BA arch 2007)
Because the staute s dvisie he Cou wil use a oded caeorical
approa and examne he responden's ecod of convcon to deene f he
esponden's convcton s a c nvolvn oa upude See a o Slva
Trevno 24 & Dec 698 See also ae o amdan 98 F3d 188
Fo e pupose o s analyss s appopae o consde 221 A
peson coms an nse o assaul e peson on nenonaly knowngy o
reckless causes body nuy t anoe ncudng te pesons spouse; wo,
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intentonaly or knowngy theatens another wth iinent odily inuy, inludng the
erson's souse; o three intentionaly and nowingly causes physia contact wth
another when a eson knows o hould have eason to eee that the othe wll
egard the ontat as oensve or rooatie Setion 2201(a)
Boly inury is defined as hysial ain llness o any iparent of
hysial onton. See Seto 107(a)(8 of the Texas Penal Code
MODFIED CAEGORICAL APPOACH
Unde the odifed categoial aoah, the igaton Judge
exanes the reor of conviton nluding inctents, judgent and plea tanscrit
Mate of SaTevino 24 l&N De. 690
Pesently the Cot finds that there is soe degee of aiguty in the
eod of onvcton regading unde whch subsetion of 22.01 the esondent was
convited he esondents udgent of convition states that respondent was
convited of "the sdeeano oense of assault faily violene" Exhit 31page
Howee assault faly violene is a thid degee feony ursuant to
Setion 2201)(2)(B. If respondent ha een convited of a thrd degree felony, the
inal sentene he woud hae eeived is wo yeas iisonent See Section
1234(a) of the Texas Penal Code
oweve the udgent of onvtion states that the esondent was
sentened to 240 days in the ounty jail and unishent consstent with a onvition
f a Class A isdeeano See Setion 1221 of the exas Penal Code noting aunishent for Class A sdeeanor as onfineent in jail fo a te not to exceed
one yea)
he judgent of onvition is therefore, aguous on its fae However
the Court ay also look to othe douments onstitutng pat of the reod of onvicton,
A01-26127 6 Januay 8 2014
M& L.� _ . �@ .->1 = ·· -
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whch n this case ncludes the nforation. Exhbt 3 age . he language of
nforaton states n relevant a that on or about June 25 009 the resondent "dd
then and there intentonally unknowngly or recklessly cause bodly njury to Sari ran
a eber of the defendants faly or a eber of the defendants household or
erson wth who the defendant has or has had a datng relationsh as descrbed n
Secton 7003 or 7.005 or 7002 of the Faly Code by strking Sari ran with the
defendants hand"
he eleents charged n the nforaton ndicate that resondent was
initially charged wth assault faily voence under Section 220 (b)()(B) of the exas
Penal Code However without more infraton t is dicut to deterne under what
statute resondent was convicted If the secfic rovsio under which an alien was
convcted is indiscernble fro the record, the convcton will be found to be a CIMT ony
if the full range of conduct rohbted by the statute suorts such a finding. Matter of
Solon 24 l&N Dec 4 As discussed above this s not true of Secton 220 of the
exas Penal Code and as such the odfied categorcal aroach does not indcate
that resondents crie s a crie involvng oral turtude
I addition the Court cannot fd that resondent has been convcted of a
cre involving oral turtude based only on the record of convicton because
resondents ental state and the degree of har inflcted s unclear. The statute of
convcton lsts three culable ental states (ntentonally knowngly recklessly) n the
disjunctive eanng that any one of the would suo a convction. he Board
stated n Matter of Solon that nether the oender's state of mnd nor the resultng level
of har alone is deternatve of oral turptude. Matter of Solon 24 l&N Dec 29
24
Rather ntentional conduct resulting in a eaningful level of har whch
A0926-217 7 January 8 204
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�.
must be moe than mere oensive touchg may be considered moay tupitdinous
However as the level of conscious behavior decreases ie from tentiona to reckess
coduct more seious esuting ham s equied in orde to find that the cime ivolves
mora turpitude Matte of Soon 22. See aso EsazaRodiuez 699 F.3d 826
(fnding that the BIA was not uneasoable in concudng that an ntentoa assaut tht
s tended to and does ot cause more than a dinutive level of harm is a CIM)
f the respondents mental state underlyng in the convictio was reckless,
rathe than willfu or intetoal espodents crime mght not have bee a crme
involving mora turpitude atter of Saudo 23 &N Dec 972 (Citing cases where
cimes volvg members of potected cass are ound to be cimes involvig moa
tupitude reure poof of knowingy o wilfully or intentona nfction of actual ham)
The Government argues that this covictio s a crme voving oral
turptude because it esulted n body inury See Govements bief at page 6
However Texas courts have apped the term bodily ijuy as deed by
the exas Statute boady noting that the statutoy defitio of bodily inury appeas to
be purposey boad and seems to ecompass even reatively mno physica contact so
long as they costtute more than mee oesve touching Hen v State 800 SW2d
62 ex App 990} (uotig Lae v State 763 SW.2d 785 786 (ex Cr App
989)
hus fa the bodiy ijuy the espondent inflicted o the victim must have
bee soehing moe than mere oensve touching t may not have rse to the eveof physcal harm necessay for a finding of moal tupitude absent a suicenty cupabe
metal stae Maer of Sanudo 2 & Dec 972, 973 See aso Matte of Soon 24
&N Dec. 24
he Court needs to understand the respodent's oense with great
A09-26217 8
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specifcity n ode to esolve the moal turpitude nquiy. Snce the moifed categorcal
approach s nconclusve s to te morl tuptude queston, the Cout may pocee to
te thi pong of the SlvTevno analysis an examne ny documents beyond te
recor of convcton tht my esolve moal turpitue nqury Matte of Slv-Trevino
24 l&N Dec. 690.
However as the eod contans no fuher evence eyon the ecod of
conviction, the Court cannot poceed to te third prong of Silva-Tevno analyss As
such on te bss of te ecod as t stnds now, espondent's convcton for ssault
family volence s not a cme nvolvng moal turpitue s t fails te fst and second
prong of Slaevno
he next ssue the Cout will deal wth s respondents convcton f
deadly conduct une Secton 2205
CATEGORICAL APPROCH
In the present case, espondent ws convcted une Secton 2205 whch
poves that
a) a peson commts an oense if he ecklessly engages n conduct tht
places nothe n mmnent ange of serious boly njuy;
b a peson commts an oense f e knowngly ischages a feam at o
n the dection of:
1 one o moe nvuals or
2) a habitaton buling, o vehicle an s eckless as to whete thehbtation, buldng o vehcle s occuped
c ecklessnes n dange ae peumed f te actor knowngly ponte a
feam at o n te decton of anoter whether or not the ctor beleved te feam
coul be loae
A091261-27 9 Janury 8 204
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) for purposes of this section builing habitation an vehicle have the
meaning assigne those terms by Section 30.01;
e) an oense uner subsection (a) is a Class misdemeanor an oense
uner subsection (b) is a felony of the thir egree
As fully iscussed above uner the categorical approach the Court
etermines whether there is a realistic probability that the statute coul be applie to
w ich conuct that oes not involve moral turpitue Matter of Silvarevino
If the language of the criminal statute encompasses both conduct that
involves moral turpitue an conuct that is not an there is a case in which the
relevant criminal statute has been applie to the latter category of conduct the statute is
ivisible an an Immigration uge cannot categorically treat all convictions uner the
statute as convictions r crimes that involve moral turpitue. Mat ter of Silva-revino
697
In responent's case tere is a realistic probability that Section 2205
woul encompass conuct that oes not quali as a crime involving moral turpitue asthe statute of language is consierably broa For example reckless conuct uner
Section 22.05(a) coul realistically inclue such conduct as ligting of fireworks in a
resiential area or riving a high rate of spee with a passenger in the car n either of
which woul likely be consiere turpituinous or inherently base vile or eprave
Matter of Oluin
hus, it woul appear tat Section 2205 is a ivisible statute in that it
covers convictions for a wie range of conuct both turpituinous and non
turpituinous As such the secon prong of Silvarevino must be consiered.
MODIFIED CATEGORICL PPOCH
f the categorical analysis oes not resolve the moral turpitue inquiry the
A091-261217 10 January 8 2014
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Crt wil exame wether te alie's covictin sows a crime tat, i fact ivolves
moral tritde Matter o ivaTrev
Uder te mdied categrica approac te Immgratin Judg
examines the recrd coviction, cldg dictmets, jdgmnts, and lea
trascrits ee Matter f ilvaTrevin
Te resdents dgment cnvictio states tat resdent ws
covicted f te msdemeanr ense dedy cdct See Exhit 2, age 2
eadly codct der ectin 22.0a s a Cass A msdemeaor, while
te cnvict f deadly cndct der ectio 2205( is a tird degree eony See
ect 2205(e o the Texas el Cde
additio, the angage te ifrmatio tracks te statty angage
nder ecti 2205a) Based te act tat te dget f cnvictio states tat e
was cnvcted a misdemeaor, is setence cmors with te msdemeanr
ese ad te lagage o te informatin tracks te stattory lagage ecti
22.0a), te Cr inds that resodent was covictd der ecti 2205(a the
Texas Pea Cde
As ted ave give tat ecti 220a) ecmasses th
tritdins and otritudios cndct, the Curt agi xaines te recrd o
cvictio i rder t determie i the cnvicti is a crime invlvig mora trtde
Te inrmato states that resdet "reckessly egged in cdct tat laced ee
lam i mminet dager, r seris bdily ijy by treteing Lee I lam with a kie A erso acts reckessly der Texas aw we he is aware of te coscis disregard
a sustatial ad ste risk ecti 63c the Texas eal Cde
The Bad as eld tat crmia reckess cdct can rse t te level
mral tritds. Matter f Media, 5 &N Dec. 6 BA 986)
A091-26127 Janary 8, 204
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However, because the mental stae par of the sttute s only
reckessness more serous resultng harm s requred n order o defne that the crme
nvolves moral urptude Mater of Solon, 24 l&N Dec. 342 See Matter of Wotkow 18
&N Dec. 111 (BIA 1981) (hodng that manslaughter n the second degree under the
New York Penal lw, whch requres a person o reckessy cause the death of anoher,
s a crme nvolvng moral urptude) See also Matter of Fualau 21 l&N Dec 475
(holdng th a hrd degree assault where crmnal reckless stae of mnd under
awan law s not a crme nvovng mora turptude whout n flcton of serous bodly
nu)
hough respondent dd use a knfe n his commsson of he crme, under
the anguage of the statute respondent's crme only nvolved a reckless threat and no
resultng body njury and as such, respondent's convcton does not rse to the level of
a crme nvolvng moral turptude under the modifed categorcal pproach
The Government mus prove removabty by clear and convncng and
unequvocal evdence o prove removablty under Secon 237(a)(2)(A)() the
Government must establsh that the two crmes dd not arse ou of a snge scheme of
crmna msconduct
The Fh Crcu has adoped the Board's frmulaton of sngle scheme as
artcuaed n Matter of Adetba, 20 &N Dec. 506 (BIA 1986) See Anmashun v INS
990 F 2d 324 (5th Cr 1993).
When an alen perorms an act that n and of tself consttues a completendvdual and s a dsnc crme, he s deporable when he agn commts such a crme,
even though one may cosey fow he other be smlar n character and even be part
of he overa pan of crmna msconduct Matter of Adetba 25 &N Dec 506
A snle scheme of crmnal msconduct woud exs when one crme
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costtutes a esser oese of aother or where wo crmes fow from ad are the
atural cosequece of a sigle act of crmial miscoduct Matter of Adeta 25 l&N
Dec. 506, 509 (Sgle scheme possessig ad utterg a coutefet il or a perso
reakg ad eterig a store wth a tet to commit arcey ad i coecto wth
that crme also commttig a assaut with a deady weapo)
The sgle scheme must take pace at oe tme alowig o sustatal
iterruptio that would alow the respodet to dsassociate himself from the eterprise
ad refect o what he has doe
The Board has held that the Govermet's troductio of o separate
records of covcto detailig crmes commtted agaist diferet victms estalish a
prima face case of removalty uder Sectio 237(a)(2)(A)(i) atter of Putk, 15 l&N
Dec. 326
The urde the shifs to respodet to preset evdece to show that the
crmes dd ot arse out of a sigle scheme of miscoduct (Fdig that testmoy
before the Cou idcatg that the crimes were commtted wth a few miutes of eachother ad were the result of the same crimia mpuse i the course of the same
epsode was eough to reut that the Govermets prima facie case of removailty
ased o two crimes volvig mora turptude arisig out of a sgle scheme of crimial
miscoduct) Matter of Putik
The record cotas two iformatos ad two judgmets of covictios
Exhits 2 ad 3 Both are for separate ad distict crmes amely assaut famiy
volece ad deadly coduct. The frmato regardg the assault famy volece
charge ndcates that the crme was commtted o or aout Je 25 2009 agast Lee
lam Exhit 3 The formato detalig the crime of deady coduct dcates that
the crme was also commtted o or aout Jue 25 2009 agast Sari Tra Exhit 2
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�
While as responden onts out he crimes wee commed on he same day, hs s no
dispostve of the issue See Mate o Adeiba 20 l& Dec 506.
he noducion o these ecords of convcton meets the Govenments
buden o proo o show rma ace removabiity on ths issue Respondent's counsel
aso sates in his be hat both vicms resde in the same househod and boh vctims
wee comped n he same poce epor Respondents brie page 4.
However, espondents counses auments are no evidence and, i
unaccompanied by oher evdence, do not cary espondens burden o roof Matter o
S-M 22 lN Dec 49 5 BIA 1998 See also ater o amezSanchez.
Furhermoe both crmes in and o hemselves consttue a complete
ndivdua and dstnct crme See Anmashaun v. NS 990 F2d 324 (5th Cir 193)
Neher crme s lesser oense o he oher, nor s here any evidence n
he recod ha one of the crmes is a naual consequence o the othe. Maer o
Adeba, 25 l&N Dec 509
Whou uher evidence eadng the crcumstances suroundin he
crme the Government has met ts burden of poof to show removabiy on ths ssue
tha there are wo separate ofenses
Fnally, the Court noes that neher espondent nor he Governmens bre
was arcularly hepu in discussing the elevan issues n hs case However based
on he reong the Cou inds the Govenment has no me is buden o poo o
show that resondent s removable as chaed by cear and convncn evdence f he
reasons saed above.
ccorngy the oowng orers shal be entered
ORDE
IT IS HEREBY ORDERED he charge pursuant o Secton 237a(2)(Ai
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s not ustaied
IT IS FNLLY ND FURTHER ORDRED that eoval poceeigs
aganst the esponent be ternated wth prejuce
Date: anuay 8 204
A09-26-217
ETRC H. SMSImmgraton udge
1 5 Jauay 8, 204
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