Download - May17.what is edtech 280T
What is Educational Technology?
Rob Darrow, Ed.D.
EDL 280T, Ed Tech
May 2013
Rob’s Wiki: http://robdarrow.wikispaces.com
Introductions Me: Director, Member Services, iNACOL
(www.inacol.org). Retired online school principal, doctorate, consultant (www.onlinelearningvisions.com), father of a 22-year-old, My online learning journey
You: Your dissertation topic and your career goal?
Relationships and networking are more important than
technology
Relationships transform people
Teachers are the most important people in the implementation of any technology
Teachers are more important than technology
A little tech history
Life was easier when there were no books Find the generation ppt
“Our teacher is getting smarter…Yesterday she gave us homework we couldn’t even find on the Internet.”
Today in 2013
High School Graduate, Age 18 Born in 1995
August 16, 2007
In 1990
Personal computers are 15 years old
Tim Berners-Lee writes World Wide Web program
August 16, 2007
First Grade - 1996
Palm Pilot goes onthe market
August 16, 2007
J: romeo u thereR: yo wassupJ: nothin’, u?R: skool sucked 2dayJ: heard wylander got mad at uR: what a jerk i used purpl ink on the sci test and he got pissed he lookjs like jimminy cricktJ: lolR: going to nicks partyJ: cant i’m groundedR: yJ: cardoza called home, sez im failig Spanish btw my rents hate uR: mine hate u 2J: my dads coming gtgR: k byeJ: xoxoxoxo bye see u tmwR: xoxoxoxoxoxoxo gtgJ: k
Instant Messaging, 1997
August 16, 2007
Fourth Grade - 1999 Sean Fanning creates Napster
August 16, 2007
Middle School - 2001
Wikipedia - 2001
August 16, 2007
Middle School - 2001
August 16, 2007
Cellphones – Middle school years
In 2004 – 45% online teens have a cellphone
In 2006, 66% of online teens have a cellphone
68% of cellphone owners txt (2006)
August 16, 2007
Middle School - 2003
Skype - 2003
August 16, 2007
High School - 2004
Podcasts – 2004
August 16, 2007
2004
Photosharing sites:
Flickr
Photobucket
etc
August 16, 2007
Today’s Teen –2005
YouTube – 2005
August 16, 2007
2005-2006
The Year of MySpace:
More than 100 million accounts created
Third most popular site in the U.S. (after Yahoo and Google)
55% of online teens use social networking sites
Of those who use social networking, 48% log on to the sites at least once a day or more
August 16, 2007
Today – 2007 - 2013
What has happened in the last 5 years?
August 16, 2007
What are our future predictions?
Background – National Trends
** Online Schools ** Enrollment increases
30% per year
** Charter Schools ** Enrollment increases 11% - 20% per year
Two educational trends challenging traditional education:
One Other National Trend:Static Dropout Rates
Three out of every ten students do not graduate from high school.
The Challenge for the Nation
Source: EPE 2007; Greene 2002
About half of those who graduate are not college- and work-ready.
Research and Dropouts
“Lack of school success is probably the greatest single cause which impels pupils to
drop out of school.” Ayres (1909). Laggards in our schools.
Research Studies - California
Darrow (2010). Online charter schools and at-risk students
Schwirzke (2011). Perspectives about online learning from superintendents
California 13% of the total U.S. K-12 public
school student enrollment 20% of the U.S. public charter
school enrollment Top rated state regarding
charter school law and policy
National Alliance for Public Charter Schools (2010)
Recommendations (Schwirzke, 2011)
State policies need to be developed to: Identify standard definitions for online and
blended learning Create a framework for online and blended
learning Change to a funding model for online courses
that allows fractional per-pupil funds to follow students down to the individual course, not just the full-time program
Recommendations (Darrow, 2010)
Need a uniform way to count online school students
Innovation grants and research grants needed for online learning in California
Common standards for K-12 online learning should be adopted
Ongoing finance model for online schools needed in California; current school funding finance models don’t fit with online courses
Defining Terms Traditional Learning
attend courses daily in face-to-face setting Online Learning
attend courses online where 70% instruction is online
Blended Learning attend courses online where 30% instruction
is online Charter School
independently operated public schools of choice
Online Programs
Computer Assisted Computer assessment and
computer placed Complete lesson (teacher in a
box) Multiple choice test (Pass,
continue; Fail, repeat) Adult facilitated (credentialed
or classified) Education 2020 Plato Apex Learning
Teacher Lead Teacher places students Teacher at end of every course Students advance based on
teacher assessment (some may be multiple choice)
Online interaction (e.g. discussion boards, synchronous online lessons/office hours)
K-12, Inc. Florida Virtual School Connections Academy
What was school like for you?
Teaching ?
Learning ?
Curriculum ?
We are pretty clear
Face-to-Face Teaching
Students in classroom Teacher in classroom Interaction face-to-face,
mostly verbal, some visual
Fixed schedule of classes to attend
Prescribed curriculum based on standards / use of textbooks
Online Teaching
Students online Teacher online (minimal
face-to-face interaction) Interaction online video
conferencing, email – more visual, less verbal
Flexible schedule for work completion
Prescribed curriculum based on standards / text
From Textbook to Online Teaching
Online Teaching
Textbook EnhancedTeaching
TechnologyEnhancedTeaching
Web / Online Enhanced Teaching
Confusion about“blended learning?”
Two definitions: Blended learning should be viewed as a pedagogical
approach that combines the effectiveness and socialization opportunities of the classroom with the technologically enhanced active learning possibilities of the online environment,
• Dziuban, Hartman and Moskal (2004)
Blended learning “combines face-to-face learning with computer mediated learning.” (Bonk and Graham, 2006. Handbook of blended learning: Global perspectives, local designs. http://www.publicationshare.com/).
Another definition
“Blended learning is a formal education program in which a student learns at least in part through online delivery of content and instructionwith some element of student control over time, place, path, and/or pace and at least in part at a supervised brick-and-mortar location away from home.”
(Horn & Staker, 2012)
Allen, I. E., Seaman, J., & Garrett, R. (2007). Blending in: The extent and promise of blended education in the United States. Newburyport, MA: The Sloan Consortium. http://www.sloan-c.org/publications/survey/blended06
Why does this matter?
The goal is student achievement, but…if we don’t know what “it” looks like: We can’t measure it We can’t study it (researchers) We don’t know if it’s making a difference We can’t teach it to others
From Textbook to Online Teaching
Online Teaching
Textbook EnhancedTeaching
TechnologyEnhancedTeaching
Web / Online Enhanced Teaching
What does “it” look like? Where do you fit?
Textbook enhanced teaching and learning
Technology enhanced (not online) Web/online enhanced Blended Online
What was there before textbooks?
McGuffey Reader 1841
When were the first textbooks in California?
Teaching and Learning What is the student
doing and where is the student?
What is the teacher doing and where is the teacher?
What and where is the content?
What does “it” look like?*Teacher vs. student control of
teaching and learning
Textbook enhanced teaching and learning
Technology enhanced (not online)
Web/online enhanced Blended Online
More teacher control
Shared control
More student control
What does “it” look like?*Teacher-centric vs. Student-centric
Textbook enhanced teaching and learning
Technology enhanced (not online)
Web/online enhanced Blended Online
More teacher centric
Combination
More student centric
What does “it” look like?*Control of time and pace
Textbook enhanced teaching and learning
Technology enhanced (not online)
Web/online enhanced Blended Online
Set time structure
Some Flexibility
Flexible
What does “it” look like?
Textbook enhanced teaching and learning
Technology enhanced (not online) Web/online enhanced Blended Online
Textbook Enhanced
Teacher Student Curriculum
Textbook EnhancedWhat is the student doing?• Sitting in a desk in a classroom• Writing on paper• Listening to teacher• Talking with peers
What is the teacher doing?• Standing in front of the
classroom• Directing Learning• Group discussions
What is the content?• Textbooks• Supplemental materials• Teacher created materials
Where is the content?• On paper• In the classroom• In a school library
Technology EnhancedTeacher Student Curriculum
Technology Enhanced
What is the student doing?• Sitting in a desk in a classroom• Writing on paper• Listening to teacher• Talking with peers• Using a shared or personal
computer
What is the teacher doing?• Standing in front of the classroom• Directing Learning• Group discussions
What is the content?• Textbooks• Supplemental materials• Teacher created materials• Computer (Word, Ppt, etc.)• Computer Program (loaded or
CD-Rom)
Where is the content?• On paper• In the classroom• In a school library• On a computer/digital white
board / doc camera, etc.
Web/Online EnhancedTeacher Student Curriculum
Web/Online EnhancedWhat is the student doing?• Sitting in a desk in a classroom• Writing on paper• Listening to teacher• Talking with peers• Using a shared or personal
computer
What is the teacher doing?• Standing in front of the classroom• Directing Learning• Group discussions• Assignments/activities online
What is the content?• Textbooks• Supplemental materials• Teacher created materials• Computer (Word, Ppt, etc.)• Computer Program (loaded or
CD-Rom)• Web• Computer led (e.g.
programmed math or English. Plato, Ed 2020)
Where is the content?• On paper• In the classroom• In a school library• On a computer/digital white
board / doc camera, etc.• Some Online
BlendedTeacher Student Curriculum
BlendedWhat is the student doing? (30% work online)• Sitting in a desk in a classroom
or computer lab• Using personal computer
online at home or other location
• Interacting with peers in person and online
What is the teacher doing? (30% interacting with students online)• Standing in front of the
classroom and interacting online
• Directing Learning• Meeting students in small
groups (f2f and online)• Developing/assigning online
lessons• Grading online
What is the content?• Textbooks• Supplemental materials• Teacher created materials• Computer (Word, Ppt, etc.)• Computer Program (loaded or
CD-Rom)• Web• Computer led (e.g.
programmed math or English)
Where is the content?• On paper• In the classroom• In a school library• On a computer/digital white
board / doc camera, etc.• Online (computer led or
teacher led content)
OnlineTeacher Student Curriculum
OnlineWhat is the student doing? (70% or more work online)• Sitting in a desk in a classroom or
computer lab• Using personal computer online at
home or school or other location• Interacting with teacher in person
and/or online• Interacting with teacher in person
and/or online
What is the teacher doing? (70% or more interacting with students online)• Standing in front of the classroom• Directing Learning• Meeting students in small groups (f2f
and online)• Developing/assigning online lessons• Discussion Board• Online meetings/teaching (e.g.
Elluminate)• Grading online
What is the content?• Textbooks• Supplemental materials• Teacher created materials• Computer (Word, Ppt, etc.)• Computer Program (loaded or CD-Rom)• Web• Computer led (e.g. programmed math or
English)• Teacher led
Where is the content?• On paper• On a computer/digital white board / doc
camera, etc.• Online (computer led or teacher led
content)
iNacol – Updated Quality Online Teaching Standards – Blended Learning Continuum
**Students**
Less Online Instruction
More Online Instruction
Mostly Online Instruction
iNacol – Updated Quality Online Teaching Standards – Blended Learning Continuum
**Curriculum**
Less Online Instruction
More Online Instruction
Mostly Online Instruction
iNacol – Updated Quality Online Teaching Standards – Blended Learning Continuum
**Instructional Support**
Less Online Instruction
More Online Instruction
Mostly Online Instruction
iNacol Standards for Quality Online Courses (2011). http://www.inacol.org/research/nationalstandards/
A Quiz! - Practice
Students are told to take out their math books and turn to p. 45 to learn about adding fractions.
Quiz 1
Students must create a short video to demonstrate their learning about the Pythagorean Theorem in their Algebra course. Students put together the key points, add in their voice and background music and then upload the video to YouTube. The web address is posted in the assignment area for the teacher to grade.
Quiz 2
Students are directed by the teacher to go to the National Geographic website to complete the activity there about the different continents of the world. Students turn in the assignment digitally through the online classroom drop box.
Quiz 3
Students are working together on a wiki to identify the key concepts needed to know about when taking the Advanced Placement U.S. History exam. The students decide which students will focus on different topics and then set a time when they can meet online to review each part of the wiki.
Quiz 4
Students are presenting about what they learned about the Battle of Gettysburg in the Civil War. They have created a PowerPoint and are advancing the slides on the digital white board in the front of the classroom. In addition, each student listening has a “clicker” to answer questions about the presentation while the students are presenting.
Where are the majority of schools today?
Everyone will become blended with time