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Civilization peaked about 300 – 900 AD
Located in the Central American rainforest
Major cities included Tikal & Chichén Itzá
Independent city-states run by kings
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Polytheistic religion
Believed in afterlife
Built temples, pyramids for sacrifices and bloodletting
Economy based on agriculture and trade
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Excellent astronomers
Priests charted movements of planets, moon, sun
Created accurate calendars
Developed numbers and glyphic writing
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Mayan glyph (represents month of K’ayab – turtle)
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Ball game played by Maya & others
Object was to get a hard rubber ball through a hoop with no hands/feet
Losing team sacrificed
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No one knows for sure
Possible invasions
Possible soil exhaustion & drought led to famine
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Flourished 1200’s – 1521
Located in arid valley in central Mexico
Major city was Tenochtitlan
Unified neighboring city-states into an empire
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Polytheistic religion with emphasis on warfare
Built pyramid temples with human sacrifices held on top to please the gods
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Economy based on agriculture and conquest
Farmed on artificial floating islands called chinampas
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Emperor Montezuma II taken hostage by the Spanish
Neighboring tribes join Hernan Cortés and the invading Spanish
Most Aztecs killed by disease or warfare
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AD 1400s – 1532
located in Andes Mountains in South America
Major cities included Machu Picchu, Cuzco
Strong central government
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Polytheistic
Held human and animal sacrifices to please gods
Practiced cranial deformation
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Developed the coca plant
Used surgery & herbal medicines
Developed complex road system
Recorded stories in quipus, Andean stringed knots
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Smallpox killed many Inca
War between Inca ruler Atahualpa and his brother weakened the empire
Conquered by Francisco Pizarro in 1532
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1200 – 200 BC
1st established culture in Mexico
Known for statues of enormous heads
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900 BC
Great builders
Conquered by the Aztecs
Used monuments to show power
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Located in Northern Mexico
950-1300 AD
Mighty warriors
Absorbed into Aztec Empire
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Which Mesoamerican Civilization was the most
important to history? Why?
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