Download - M.B.T. Simple Process Flow Chart
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M.B.T. Simple Process Flow Chart
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Mechanical sorting
& pre-treatment
Biological
treatment
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M.B.T. + Anaerobic Digestion + B Diagram – HassePlant
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Principal Waste Management Options
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Waste
Landfill Thermal Recycling Biological
Incineration Gasification Pyrolysis AnaerobicDigestion
Composting
With EnergyRecovery
WithoutEnergy Recovery
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Waste Technology Reviews & Case Studies carried out by the Enertech Team since 2002
World Wide
� Anaerobic Digestion 98
� Autoclave Processes 10
� Biological Aerobic Processor 17
� Gasification Processes 64
� Pyrolysis Processes 18
� Plasma Gasification 14
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The Future Energy Centre
MSW LIQUID WASTE
WASTE REDUCTION AND
SEPARATION
FARM WASTES
FOOD PROCESS WASTES
CHP
GAS CLEAN-UP
PLANT
Anaer obic Digest er
(Far m Wast e)
Anaer obic Digest er M.S.W. CO2 FOR
INDUSTRIAL PROCESS
EXISTING LANDFILL
ELECTRICITY TO GRID
CH4 HEAT
BY PRODUCTS DAY COVER
BY PRODUCTS TO FARMS
BIOGAS
HEAT
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advanced digestion technology
Bioenergy from AD in the UK
Dorian Harrison, Technical Director (Monsal)
Presented by, Gerald Tetchner of Enertech
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Introduction
• Why AD gets such good press• Government support for AD• Market segments for AD• Types of AD Plant
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Positive PressPublic Perception
• Perceived as natural• Recycling of organic waste• Recycling of Nitrogen and Phosporous• ‘Carbon neutral’• Flexible Technology (gas / elec / heat)• Easy to understand
– ‘it’s a cow!’
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Positive PressPublic Perception
• 500 – 600 anaerobic digesters in UK now• Most towns have an AD plant (sewage)• Operational for >100years
SORP
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Positive PressEconomic and Political
• Recycles organics away from landfill• Smaller more local plants• Renewable energy targets
– electricity
– gas– heat
• Coalition agreement
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Positive Pressdigestate
• PAS110 – product• AD ‘Recycling’• Fertiliser
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AD UptakeEconomic and Political
• Feed in Tariff • Renewable Obligation Certificates• Renewable Heat Incentive• Renewable Transport Fuels Obligation
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Government SupportROCs
• AD 2X ROC (~ £90/MWh)• Sewage sludge only 0.5 x ROC• Sell Price ~ £30/MWh• 30,000tpa ~ £1.2M (revenue)
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Government SupportFeed in Tariff
• Plants <500kW = 11.5p/kWh• Plants >500kW = 9p/kWh• Fast track revenue
– <250kW = 14p/kWh
– >250 – 500kW = 13p/kWh
• 30,000tpa ~ £1.2M
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Government SupportRenewable Heat Incentive
• 6.5p/kW for Biomethane• 6.5p/kW (upto 200kW)• Open to all digestion including sewage• 30,000tpa ~ £1.4M
Monsal EEH Avonmouth
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Technologywhat is anaerobic digestion
Buffertank
sludge
Waste
and/or
Boiler orgenerator
Water/sludgeheat exchanger
Recirculation
Digested sludge
Anaerobic digester
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Technologyhow does it work
• All AD process follow this route• Multi stage process optimise
• Various stages can be optimised or inhibited
Monsal EEH Bromborough
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TechnologyTypes of digestion plant
• Agricultural (£1M - £3M / ~6 months)
• 6K – 20K tpa• Simple
• No Permit (Usually)
• No Waste Licence
• Merchant (£6M - £10M, 18 - 24 months)
• 20K – 80K tpa
• Remove Contamination • Compete for Waste (Lowest Gate Fee Wins)
• Requires IPPC Permit, ABPR, Planning
• Municipal (£30M+, PFI ~ 2 – 5 years)• 70K – 300K tpa
• Recycling Facility
• Very Heavy Engineering• MRF + AD Plant
• Permit + Animal Health + Planning + + +
Monsal - Waterbeach
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TechnologyAgricultural (crops grown 2009)
• Wheat– 14,379– 108% of UK requirement
• Barley– 6,769– 112% of UK requirement
� Total Cereal– 21,197,000 (dry) tpa– 104% of UK requirement
� Excess of 815,269 (dry) tpa
Monsal Bioenergy – Car Farm
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TechnologySewage Sludge
• Sewage– 30,000,000 (wet) tpa
– 1,600,000 (dry) tpa
– 60% already treated by AD
• Challenges– relatively low energy value– low dry solids concentration
– 40% sewage sludge not digested
Monsal - Crewe
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TechnologyFood / C&I
• Food and Drink Industry– 1,800,000 (dry) tpa
• Retail Outlets– 400,000 (dry) tpa
• Other (Schools / Hospitals)– 1,000,000 (dry) tpa
• Issues– diverse wastes (solid / liquid)– dispersed production sites– De-packaged is essential
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TechnologyFood, C&I – waste streams
• Supermarkets / Retail• Manufacturing• Hospitality• Service Industry
• Council collections
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TechnologyFood, C&I – de-packaging
Food Waste Digester FeedWaste pulping/screening
De-packaging is essential to prepare the feedstock for effective digestion
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Technologytypes of AD plant
(AN Digestion)
(Biogen Greenfinch) (Kompogas)
(Monsal)
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Feed Stock Arisingwhat is the potential
Source Wet tpa Dry tpa Biogas yield
Biogas
Mtpa Mtpa m3/dryT m3/year 106
MSW 30 2.2 700 1,522
C&I 12.8 3.2 700 2,240
Slurries 4.0 1.0 500 500
Crops NA 0.8 600 480
Sewage 30 1.6 350 560
Total 76.8 8.0 5,302
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Energy Valuehow much energy is there?
Source Biogas CH4 CH4 Energy
106 m3/year % 106 m3/year TW
MSW 1,522 62 944 9.4
C&I 2,240 62 1,389 13.9
Slurries 500 62 310 3.1
Crops 480 55 264 2.6
Sewage 560 65 364 3.6
Total 4,822 3,006 32.6
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Energy Valuehow much energy is there potentially?
Source Biogas CH4 CH4 Energy
106 m3/year % 106 m3/year TWh
MSW 1,522 62 944 9.4
C&I 2,240 62 1,389 13.9
Slurries 500 62 310 3.1
Crops 480 55 264 2.6
Sewage 560 65 364 3.6
Total 4,822 3,006 32.6
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Energy Valuehow much energy is there really?
Source CH4 Potential Reality?
106 m3/year TWh TWh
MSW 944 9.4 4.7 (50%)
C&I 1,389 13.9 7.0 (50%)
Slurries 310 3.1 0.3 (10%)
Crops 264 2.6 2.1 (80%)
Sewage 364 3.6 2.9 (80%)
Total 3,006 32.6 17.0 (52%)
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Technology types of anaerobic digestion
• ‘Wet’– Digester feed <15%DS– CSTR Reactors– Food Waste– Sewage Sludge– Agricultural Waste
Monsal Biowaste - Deerdykes
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Technology types of anaerobic digestion
• ‘Dry’– Digester feed >15%DS– Plug Flow Reactors– Garden Waste– Green / Food (mixed)
Kompogas Dry Digester
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Technology types of anaerobic digestion
• Mesophilic– Range 25C to 42C– Normal 35C to 40C– 99% of UK Digesters
• Thermophilic– Range 52C to 65C– Normal 55C to 62C
– More Common for Dry Digesters
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Conclusion
• AD has positive public perception• AD is uncontroversial in Government• Strong incentives to drive AD growth• Relatively simple technology• Large infrastructure investment required
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advanced digestion technology
Questions?
Dorian Harrison
Technical Director
t: 01623 429500