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Mean Value Theorem for Derivatives4.2
If you drive 100 miles north
…in 2 hours…
What was your average velocity for the trip?
50 miles/hour
Does this mean that you were going 50 miles/hour the whole time?
No. Were you at any time during the trip going 50 mi/hr?
Absolutely. There is no way that you couldn’t have been.
100 miles
Remember Mr. Murphy’s plunge from the diving platform?
sec05.3
)0()5.3(
feetss
vavg
sec05.3
1960
feet
vavg
sec5.3
196 feetvavg
= 56 feet/sec
…is an equation that you know finds…
…the slope of the line through the initial and final points.
secm from time 0 to time 3.5…Mr Murphy’s average velocity from 0 to 3.5 seconds
s(t)
= H
eigh
t off
of
the
grou
nd(i
n fe
et)
t = Time in seconds
216196)( tts
Is there ever a time during Mr Murphy’s fall that his instantaneous velocity is also –56 feet/sec?
ttsvinst 32)(.
= 1.75 seconds
Absolutely. We just need to find out
where s´(t) = –56 feet/sec
This means that the slope of the secant line through the initial and final points…
…is parallel to the slope of the tangent line through the point t = 1.75 seconds
s(t)
= H
eigh
t off
of
the
grou
nd(i
n fe
et)
t = Time in seconds
sec/5632.
feettvinst
2sec/32
sec/56
feet
feett
216196)( tts
It is also the point at which Mr. Murphy’s instantaneous velocity is equal to his average velocity
216196)( tts
If the function f (x) is continuous over [a,b] and
differentiable over (a,b), then at some point
between a and b:
f b f af c
b a
Mean Value Theorem for Derivatives
Average Velocity
Instantaneous Velocity
y
x0
A
B
a b
Slope of chord:
f b f a
b a
Slope of tangent:
f c
y f x
Tangent parallel to chord.
c
If the function f (x) is continuous over [a,b] and
differentiable over (a,b), then at some point
between a and b:
f b f af c
b a
Mean Value Theorem for Derivatives
Differentiable implies that the function is also continuous.
If the function f (x) is continuous over [a,b] and
differentiable over (a,b), then at some point
between a and b:
f b f af c
b a
Mean Value Theorem for DerivativesMean Value Theorem for Derivatives
Differentiable implies that the function is also continuous.
The Mean Value Theorem only applies over a closed interval.
If the function f (x) is continuous over [a,b] and
differentiable over (a,b), then at some point
between a and b:
f b f af c
b a
Mean Value Theorem for DerivativesMean Value Theorem for Derivatives
The Mean Value Theorem says that at some point in the closed interval, the actual slope equals the average slope.