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MECHANICAL, ELECTRICAL AND INSTRUMENTATION

ENGINEERING FOR NON-ENGINEERS


Force

• Force: A push or pull on an object resulting from its interaction with another object.

• The unit of a force is Newton [N].

5 m

45°

100 N


Force• Equation F = ma gives the relationship between:

– Force (N)– Mass (kg)– Acceleration (m/s2)

– Also known as “Newton’s second law of motion”.


Work

• Defined as “force through distance”.

• In other words–“ when a body moves under the influence of

a force, work is done”.

work = force x distance–The unit of work is Joules.


Energy• Energy may be broadly defined as the ability to do

work.

• Energy cannot be created or destroyed.

• We merely change energy types, e.g. convert potential energy into kinetic energy.

• The unit of energy is Joules.


Different Energy Forms

• Potential energy: Energy stored in a system, typically due to its height, but others include springs, pressure, chemical, heat etc.

• Kinetic energy: Energy possessed by a body by virtue of its motion.


Isometric and Oblique Projections

isometric projection of a cube

oblique projection of a cube

• Isometric drawings: The two axes are at 60° to the vertical axis, and the measurements along these are either a scale of (or equal to) those measurements on the actual object.

• Oblique drawings: the two axes are at right angles to each other, and the third axis is at 45° to them.


First-Angle Projection• Three views:

• Front view: Drawn looking straight at the front of the object.

• Side view: The left side of the object is drawn toward the right side view of the object and vice versa.

• Plan View: The top of the object is drawn toward the bottom view of the object and vice versa.

• Used mainly in Europe.


Sectional Views

• Sectional views are used to clarify interior or hidden details on a multi-view drawing of an object.

• For a sectional view the observer is required to imagine that the object has been cut by a plane (the cutting plane) and that the part of the object nearest to the observer has been removed.


Sectional View Types


Dimensions• Dimension: A means of specifying the size of a

part, such as its length, diameter, width and thickness.

• All dimensions required for manufacturing and assembly must appear on detail drawings.

• Nominal dimension: the size by which a part is referred to as a matter of convenience, or the size on which the design is based.


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