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Media and Soils Media and Soils
Chapter 6Chapter 6
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Learning TargetsLearning Targets
I can identify various types of growing I can identify various types of growing media?media?
I can explain the PH Scale?I can explain the PH Scale? I can identify 3 sections of the Soil I can identify 3 sections of the Soil
Triangle?Triangle?
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Growing Medium Growing Medium
Material in which the Material in which the roots plants grow.roots plants grow.
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Roles of MediaRoles of Media
Provides nutrients Provides nutrients and a anchor for and a anchor for plant.plant.
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NutrientsNutrients
Substance that Substance that roots absorb from roots absorb from the medium and the medium and water.water.
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AnchorAnchor
Roots hold plant in Roots hold plant in place.place.
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Pore SpacePore Space
Air holes between Air holes between the growing the growing medium particles medium particles which allows which allows oxygen to reach oxygen to reach the roots of plants.the roots of plants.
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Soil AmendmentSoil Amendment
Anything added to Anything added to the soil to improve the soil to improve plant growth.plant growth.
VermiculiteVermiculite PerlitePerlite
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SoilSoil
Top few inches of Top few inches of earths surface that earths surface that provide soil provide soil growth.growth.
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Soilless MediumSoilless Medium
Contains no soil.Contains no soil. Made from:Made from: VermiculiteVermiculite PerlitePerlite Peat MossPeat Moss BarkBark Can be pre-mixedCan be pre-mixed
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HydroponicsHydroponics
Nutrients are Nutrients are provided by provided by nutrient solution. nutrient solution.
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Nutrient SolutionNutrient Solution
Contains water Contains water with dissolved with dissolved nutrients.nutrients.
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Hydroponic AdvantagesHydroponic Advantages
1.1. Nutrients ControlNutrients Control
2.2. Yield is greaterYield is greater
3.3. Roots do not Roots do not spreadspread
4.4. Reduced Weed, Reduced Weed, Insect, Disease Insect, Disease
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Mineral MaterialsMineral Materials
Come from Come from inorganic sources.inorganic sources.
3 kinds of Mineral 3 kinds of Mineral MaterialsMaterials
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Sand #1 Sand #1
Largest material in Largest material in soil.soil.
Good for soil Good for soil drainage.drainage.
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Silt #2Silt #2
Smaller than sand.Smaller than sand.
Areas near rivers Areas near rivers are high in silt.are high in silt.
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Clay #3Clay #3
Smallest size Smallest size particle in soil.particle in soil.
Holds water well.Holds water well.
Fills gaps between Fills gaps between Sand and SiltSand and Silt
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Organic MatterOrganic Matter
Decayed remains Decayed remains from plants and from plants and animals.animals.
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Soil TextureSoil Texture
% of Sand, Silt, % of Sand, Silt, Clay present in the Clay present in the soil.soil.
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Soil TriangleSoil Triangle
Used to classify Used to classify soil on the basis soil on the basis texture content.texture content.
Most crops prefer Most crops prefer a Loamy soil.a Loamy soil.
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Loam SoilLoam Soil
High in Silt lower High in Silt lower in Sand and Clay.in Sand and Clay.
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Soil StructureSoil Structure
Physical Physical arrangement of arrangement of soil particles.soil particles.
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Soil AerationSoil Aeration
Movement of air in Movement of air in the soil.the soil.
Clay soil least air Clay soil least air movement.movement.
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Soil CompactionSoil Compaction
Soil compressed Soil compressed into a dense into a dense mass.mass.
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WearWear
Physical Physical deterioration of a deterioration of a plant community.plant community.
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Soil ProfileSoil Profile
Vertical section of Vertical section of soil at a location.soil at a location.
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Soil Horizon (A)Soil Horizon (A)
Topsoil: 10”Topsoil: 10”
Made of:Made of: HumusHumus RootsRoots OrganismsOrganisms
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Soil Horizon (B)Soil Horizon (B)
Subsoil: 30”Subsoil: 30” Made of:Made of: Fine ParticlesFine Particles Leached materialsLeached materials Some RootsSome Roots
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Soil Horizon (C)Soil Horizon (C)
Parent Material: Parent Material: 48”48”
Made of:Made of: BedrockBedrock Leached materialsLeached materials
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Soil Horizon (R)Soil Horizon (R)
Bedrock:Bedrock: Made of:Made of: Solid RockSolid Rock
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Plant NutrientsPlant Nutrients
17 elements are 17 elements are needed for plants needed for plants to grow.to grow.
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MacronutrientsMacronutrients
Most important Most important nutrients needed nutrients needed in large amount.in large amount.
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MacronutrientsMacronutrients
(N) – Nitrogen(N) – Nitrogen (P) – Phosphorus(P) – Phosphorus (K) – Potassium(K) – Potassium (Ca) – Calcium(Ca) – Calcium (Mg) – Magnesium(Mg) – Magnesium (S) – Sulfur(S) – Sulfur
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Primary NutrientsPrimary Nutrients
N-P-KN-P-K Needed in largest Needed in largest
amounts.amounts.
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Secondary NutrientsSecondary Nutrients
Ca-Mg-SCa-Mg-S Needed in Needed in
moderate amountsmoderate amounts
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MicronutrientsMicronutrients
Needed in smaller Needed in smaller amounts.amounts.
AKA-Trace AKA-Trace ElementsElements
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MicronutrientsMicronutrients
(Fe) – Iron(Fe) – Iron (Mn) – Maganese(Mn) – Maganese (Zn) – Zinc(Zn) – Zinc (Cu) – Copper(Cu) – Copper (B) – Boron(B) – Boron (Mo) – Molybdenum(Mo) – Molybdenum (Cl) – Chlorine(Cl) – Chlorine (Ni) - Nickel(Ni) - Nickel
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Soil TestingSoil Testing
Determines what Determines what nutrients are nutrients are present in the soil.present in the soil.
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NitrogenNitrogen
Key elementKey element Helps plant Helps plant
recover from recover from damage.damage.
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Nitrogen Deficient Nitrogen Deficient ExampleExample
Older leaves turn Older leaves turn yellow. (yellow. (ChlorosisChlorosis))
Death can happenDeath can happen
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PhosphorusPhosphorus
Helps plant hold Helps plant hold and transfer and transfer energy for energy for metabolism.metabolism.
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Phosphorus DeficientPhosphorus Deficient
Reduced growth Reduced growth Dark to reddish Dark to reddish
leaf colorations.leaf colorations.
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PotassiumPotassium
Important for plant Important for plant life process.life process.
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Potassium DeficientPotassium Deficient
Reduced growthReduced growth Increase diseaseIncrease disease Stress of plantStress of plant
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Soil PHSoil PH
Ph is used to Ph is used to measure the measure the amount of amount of Alkalinity or acidity Alkalinity or acidity in soil.in soil.
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PH ScalePH Scale
14 Point Scale14 Point Scale
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PH ScalePH Scale
7.0 = Neutral7.0 = Neutral
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PH ScalePH Scale
Below 7.0 = AcidicBelow 7.0 = Acidic
Above 7.0 = AlkalineAbove 7.0 = Alkaline
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Modifying PHModifying PH
Adding Lime will Adding Lime will raise PH.raise PH.
Adding Sulfur will Adding Sulfur will lower PH.lower PH.
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Modifying PHModifying PH
Most plants prefer Most plants prefer PH of 5.5-8.0PH of 5.5-8.0
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FertilizerFertilizer
Any material used Any material used to provide the to provide the nutrients plants nutrients plants need.need.
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FertilizerFertilizer
Can be applied as:Can be applied as: Solid Solid LiquidLiquid GasGas
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Elemental FertilizerElemental Fertilizer
Provides only 1 Provides only 1 plant nutrient.plant nutrient.
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Complete FertilizerComplete Fertilizer
Contains all 3 Contains all 3 elemental elemental nutrients.nutrients.
NitrogenNitrogen PotassiumPotassium PhosphorusPhosphorus
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Active IngredientActive Ingredient
Total % of Total % of nutrients that is nutrients that is being applied to being applied to plants.plants.
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Inert IngredientInert Ingredient
The carrier or filler The carrier or filler ingredient that ingredient that allows for the allows for the spreading of the spreading of the fertilizer. fertilizer.
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Complete Fertilizer Complete Fertilizer ExampleExample
16% 16% NitrogenNitrogen 4% 4% PhosphatePhosphate 8% 8% PotashPotash
==28% 28% Active Active IngredientIngredient
72% 72% Inert Ingredient Inert Ingredient or carrieror carrier
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Application EquipmentApplication Equipment
Sprayers for liquid Sprayers for liquid fertilizer.fertilizer.
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Application EquipmentApplication Equipment
Dry fertilizer for Dry fertilizer for Granular Granular Equipment.Equipment.
SpreaderSpreader
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Granular FertilizerGranular Fertilizer
Applied with Applied with Rotary, Gravity Rotary, Gravity Flow Spreader.Flow Spreader.
Most common way Most common way of spreading of spreading fertilizer.fertilizer.
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FertigationFertigation
Application of Application of fertilizer with the fertilizer with the use of irrigation use of irrigation system.system.
Very fast to use. Very fast to use. Water and fertilize Water and fertilize
at the same time.at the same time.