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Medical Education Elective MED436-TM
Delivering and Supporting Effective Presentations
March 5, 2009Maria Alejandra Blanco, Ed.D.
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Objectives• Identify characteristics of effective
presentations.
• Relate learning theory to effective presentations.
• Review guidelines for observing peer’s presentations and providing supportive feedback.
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Creating Effective Presentations
• Careful preparation
• Organization
• Audiovisual aids
• Dynamic delivery
(Irby, 2004)
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Careful Preparation
Examination of:
• content • learner/audience • context
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Careful PreparationContent
• Select essential content (3-5 main points):
-limited ability to attend and process information.
-focus on what learners need to know, what is important to learn, what is interesting.
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Careful PreparationLearner
• Connect content with unique needs and interests of learners/audience:
-motivate interest-maintain attention-support understanding
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Careful PreparationContext
• Consider contextual variables (time frame, facilities, type of presentation):
-prepare in advance-practice presentation-arrive at room early (set up equipment)-RELAX
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Creating Effective Presentations
• Careful preparation
• Organization
• Audiovisual aids
• Dynamic delivery
(Irby, 2004)
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Organization
Should have:
• Introduction• Body• Conclusion
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Organization - Introduction• Introduce yourself to the audience.
• Capture the audience attention (concrete and exciting cases, stories, analogies and examples).
• Offer a preview of the entire presentation (objectives, questions to be answered or outline of the key points).
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Organization - Introduction
• Connect new ideas to the prior knowledge of the audience.
• Establish the atmosphere/tone of the session (invitation to ask questions to encourage active participation/level participation desired).
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Organization - Body• Limit number of main points (remove
extraneous info).
• Arrange main points chronologically, logically, in a problem-solution, inductive or deductive format.
• Add subpoints, examples or supporting material to each main point.
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Organization - Body• Vary the methods used approximately
every 15 minutes; maximum audience attention is attained at about 12-15 minutes.
• Don’t go overtime.
• Use questions, discussion, demonstrations, video clips, illustration, task assignments, self-tests.
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Organization - Body• Use closed-ended questions for large
audiences e.g. What specific entity is associated with this behavioral pattern?
• Use open-ended questions for smaller groups e.g. What are major problems that this patient presents?
• Wait 3-5 seconds after asking questions; allow adequate think time.
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Organization - Conclusion• Summarize periodically as make transitions
between points.
• Summarize at end (emphasize key points, check learning).
• Provide bridge to next class (previewing the readings, assignments or key concepts to come).
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Creating Effective Presentations
• Careful preparation
• Organization
• Audiovisual aids
• Dynamic delivery
(Irby, 2004)
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Audiovisual Aids
• Increase learning and long-term memory.
• Must be simple, uncluttered and clear.
• Provide handouts for complex images.
• Talk to audience.
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Black/Whiteboard
• Plan how to use the board.
• Use large and legible writing.
• Use multiple/visible colors to emphasize points or draw diagrams.
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PowerPoint SurveyMost Annoying
• Speaker reading slides 60%• Text too small 51%
• Having the slides typed out in completely full sentences. 48%
• Hard to see colors 37%• Overly complex charts 22%• Moving/flying text and sounds 24%
(Litin, 2008; American College of Physicians)
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Power Point Slides• White background, dark print or vice versa.
• Phrases and large type (36-40 pt. titles, 24-30 pt. major points). This is 24
• San serif fonts best (Arial or Helvetica).
• 1 point per slide (7 lines, 7 words/line).
• 1 slide/2 minutes.
• Use electronic pointer carefully.
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Power Point SlidesUPPERCASE vs Mixed Case• IT WILL TAKE THE AUDIENCE
LONGER TO READ SLIDES THAT ARE ALL UPPER CASE
• Instead use only uppercase to EMPHASIZE specific text
• Better still use bold or color instead(Litin, 2008; American College of Physicians)
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Creating Effective Presentations
• Careful preparation
• Organization
• Audiovisual aids
• Dynamic delivery
(Irby, 2004)
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Dynamic Delivery
Skillful Use of:
• Enthusiasm • Movement • Gestures• Voice • Eye Contact
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Dynamic Delivery- Enthusiasm• Use of humor
• Energy
• Passion
Motivate learning, spark and maintain interest
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Dynamic Delivery- Movement
• Increase interest
• Emphasize key points
• Avoid stereotyped movement
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Dynamic Delivery- Gesture
• Reinforce interest in the topic.
• Larger audience, larger gestures.
• Inappropriate movements can distract (keep hands away from pockets, keys, microphone cords or other distracting objects)
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Dynamic Delivery- Voice• Variety and pauses provide energy, boost
interest.
• Project the voice so it can be easily heard at the back of the room.
• Enunciate clearly.
• Pace (100-125 words/minute).
• Repeat questions.
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Dynamic Delivery- Eye Contact
• Connect to audience.
• Scan from side to side (find three friendly faces, move gaze between these faces).
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“Lecturalgia”• Inaudible
• Long
• Boring
• Tedious
• Monotonous(Matheson, 2008)
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Coping with Nervousness
• Good preparation
• Mastery of material
• Knowing the audience
• Rehearsing for success
GO FOR IT!
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After the Presentation
• What went well?
• Areas to improve
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Supporting Effective Presentations
What do you find most challenging aboutgiving constructive feedback to peers?
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Supporting Effective PresentationsDuring presentation:
• Take note of concrete and specific observations (including quotes).
• Identify strengths (3 observations)
• Identify areas for improvement (3 observations)
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Supporting Effective Presentations• Organize observations to share.
• Elicit presenter’s thoughts and feelings.
• Share strengths.
• Share areas for improvement (to develop and/or further develop).
• Share what you learned from the presentation.
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THANK YOU!!!ReferencesIrby, D.(2004). Practical teaching: great presentations every
time. The Clinical Teacher 1: 5-9.
Litin, S. (2008). Faculty Development Presentation Skills for Physicians: making Your Next Teaching Presentation Go Better Than Your Last. American College of physicians.
Matheson, C. (2008). The educational value and effectiveness of lectures. The Clinical Teacher 5: 218-221.