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Mesopotamia:A Brief History
1. Sumerian Civilization
2. The Kingdom of Assyria
3. The Kingdom of Babylon
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1. Sumerian Civilization• The Sumerian Civilization was the world’s
first civilization
• They used aquaculture and grew barleyand wheat
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• Urbanization was a major feature of thiscivilization
• In the cities, social organization becamemore complex
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• Each city had its own king
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• Around 2000 BCE another group, the Akkadians, began to conquer Sumerian territories
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• In 1750 BCE, the Sumerian civilizationcollapsed, but it has lasted for 3,000 years!
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2. The Kingdom of Assyria• The Assyrians captured Sumerian
territories and created their own empire
• Instead of each city having its own king, the Assyrians unified their empire underone king and one centralized government
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The Sumerian System
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• At times, there was trade betweenSumerian cities
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• But there was also war between them at times!
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The Assyrian System
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• In order to control its population and scare its enemies, the Assyrian Empire became a militaristic society
• Assyrian art reflected their militaristicvalues
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• In 627 BCE Babylon, a region controlledby a city of the same name, invaded and conquered the Assyrian Empire
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3. Babylon• Babylon is most famous for its hanging
gardens
• They are one of the 7 Wonders of the Ancient World
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The Pyramids at Giza (Egypt)
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The Statue of Zeus at Olympia
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The Temple of Artemis at Ephesus
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The Mausoleumat Halicarnassus
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The Colossus of Rhodes
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The Lighthouse of Alexandria
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3. Babylon• Babylon controlled a huge territory, but a
new empire was approaching
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• Cyrus the Great, founder of the PersianEmpire, created an enormous army and began his conquest
• The result? He conquered Babylon and other empires and created the largestempire the world had ever seen
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• The conquest of Babylon by Cyrus the Great in 539 BCE marked the end of Mesopotamian civilization