Meteorology Earth Science Mrs Galoob
Air Pretest
Name ____________________1 What is the name of the layer of air around the earth2 What is the name of the gas that makes up most of the air3 Is there more air in Rhode Island or on top of Mount Everest4 Is the temperature in Rhode Island and on top of Mount
Everest the same If not is one of them warmer5 What do you think the ozone layer does6 What do you think ldquothe greenhouse effectrdquo means7 What do you think ldquoglobal warmingrdquo means 8 Can you draw a diagram of the water cycle9 What causes wind10What causes weather
httpwwwtheozoneholecomatmospherehtm website with info and graphics
5 As solar energy hits the earthrsquos surface it is converted into heat That heat reradiates upward from the earthrsquos surface The farther away from the warm earthrsquos surface we go the less heat we feel until we hit the ozone layer in the stratosphere
httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=1YAOT92wuD8 Reveal Earthrsquos Atmosphere 5 minute video
httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=AU0eNa4GrgUt=931 The Antarctic Ozone Hole -- From Discovery to Recovery a Scientific Journey 16 min
AtmosphereCompositionGases78 nitrogen21 oxygen1 Trace gases argon 093 neon krypton ozone carbon dioxide 003
helium xenon water vapor 0ndash40 methane hydrogenSolids and liquidsDust salt ice and water
5 layers1 Troposphere ndash where weather happens ndash at Earthrsquos surface
Temperature decreases as you go away from Earth2 Stratosphere ndash where airplanes fly ndash ozone layer found here
Temperature increases as you go away from Earth3 Mesosphere ndash meteoroids burn up here
Temperature decreases as you go away from Earth4 Thermosphere ndash Mir (was here) and the international space station are found here Auroras occur hereTemperature increases as you go away from Earth Reaches up to 1000 degrees Celsius5 Exosphere ndash most satellites are found here
Temperature decreases as you go away from EarthThis layer blends into outer space
TEMPERATURE ON EARTH The sun does not heat all areas of the
earth equallyTwo factors greatly influence how much solar radiation the earthrsquos surface receives
1) the angle of incidence the angle at which sunrsquos rays strike the earth
2) the number of hours of daylight which is affected seasonally by the tilt of the earth
What causes the seasons Quiz
1 The longest day of the year for us (in the northern hemisphere) occurs ona) July 4b) June 21c) September 22d) December 21e) April 14 (before taxes are due)
Answer 1 (b) The longest day in the northern hemisphere is June 21st the summer solstice
Seasons quiz continued2 The hottest month(s) of the year for us in the northern hemisphere are
usuallya) June-Julyb) July-Augustc) August-Septemberd) December-Januarye) Whenever your cars air conditioning breaks
Answer 2 (b) The hottest months are usually July and August after the oceans have warmed up Note that the days are longer in June and July but the Northern Hemisphere and its oceans are still chilled from winter and spring Also note that local temperature variations may make some areas warmer in August and September (Indian Summer)
Seasons quiz continued3 Planet Earth is closest to the Sun during the month of
a) Juneb) Januaryc) Augustd) Julye) Hah You cant fool me We are always the same distance
January 4 (91402237 miles) July 4 (94502778 miles) January 12 (91417000 miles) July 12 (94496000 miles) February 11 (91729000 miles) August 17 (94119000 miles) March 26 (92712000 miles) September 14 (93516000 miles) April 10 (93198000 miles) October 15 (92705000 miles) May 23 (94108000 miles) November 16 (91673000 miles) June 15 (94415000 miles) December 15 (91496000 miles)
Answer 3 (b) The Earth is actually closest to the Sun in JANUARY Check the chart of distances if you dont believe me
Seasons quiz continued
4 Seasons in the southern hemisphere are
a) Much more severe (hotter in summer colder in winter)b) Much milderc) Exactly the same times and duration as oursd) Opposite of those in the northern hemisphere
Answer 4 (d) The Southern Hemisphere has summer in December - February and winter in June - August exactly opposite to us in the Northern Hemisphere And when it is spring in the northern hemisphere it is autumn in the southern And when it is autumn in the northern hemisphere it is spring in the southern
Seasons quiz continued5 Summer for us in the northern hemisphere occurs because
a) The Earth is closest to the Sun during this seasonb) The Earth is tilted so that the Northern Hemisphere is closer to the Sun than the Southern Hemispherec) The Earth is tilted so that the Sun stays up higher in the sky exposing the Earth to more direct sunlight for longer periods of timed) There are fewer clouds and more sunny days
Answer 5 (c) Seasons result from the Earths tilt of 235deg which means that each hemisphere will alternately be tilted towards the Sun exposing the ground to more direct sunlight for longer periods Just because the planet is tilted with the northern hemisphere tilted toward the Sun does NOT mean that the northern hemisphere is appreciably closer to the Sun Recall that in July the entire planet is much farther from the Sun than it is in January
bull Show video youtubecom What causes the Earthrsquos seasons Ignite learning Has super excited narrator
bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=3eFqZWX8nTo
bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=WLRA87TKXLM 6 minutes
bull Difference between seasons Northern and Southern hemisphere photo
bull httpwwwwindowsucaredutourlink=the_universeutsseasons3html
bull httpwwwbrainpopcomscienceweatherseasons short video with diagram
What causes the seasonsbull Fact The Earths orbit is in the shape of an ellipse so that sometimes the Earth is a little bit closer
to the Sun than at other times bull Question Is this the cause of the seasons bull Answer NObull Question Why doesnrsquot this make sense Consider this imagine that if the seasons were caused by
the Earths orbit how would the seasons in the northern hemisphere compare to seasons in the southern hemisphere
bull Answer Earth close entire earth northern and southern hemisphere summer hotbull Earth Far entire earth northern and southern hemisphere winter cold bull Question Is this true on Earth Is the entire planet hot at the same time and cold at the same
time bull Answer No This is not the case
bull Questions How do the seasons really compare between the northern and southern hemisphere bull Answer Summer in the northern hemisphere occurs at the same time as winter in the south and
vice-versa It turns out that the Earths orbit is nearly perfectly circular and the difference between its closest point and its furthest point is very small In fact the Earth is furthest away from the Sun in June when it is summer in the northern hemisphere
httpwwwwindowsucaredutourlink=the_universeutsseasons2html
Website to explain seasons httpwwwwindowsucaredutourlink=the_universeutsseasons1htmlampedu=midampback=searchsearch_navigationhtml
What causes the seasons Continued
bull The Earth has seasons because it rotates on an axis that is tilted in its orbit That 235 degree tilt causes the different hemispheres to be at different angles to the sun at different times of the year
bull Because of the angle during winter the energy from the sun must travel through more atmosphere to reach the poles also a given amount of the sunrsquos energy is spread over a larger area
Climate zones are areas with distinct climates
The solar radiation reaches the ground on different parts of the Earth with different angles On the equator the sunlight reaches the ground almost perpendicularly whilst at the poles the angle of the Sun is lower or even under the horizon during the polar night
httpcontentmeteobluecomenmeteoscoolgeneral-climate-zones
There are 4 major climate zonesbullTropical zone from 0degndash235deg(between the tropics)
bull In the regions between the equator and the tropics (equatorial region) the solar radiation reaches the ground nearly vertically at noontime during almost the entire year Thereby it is very warm in these regions Through high temperatures more water evaporates and the air is often moist The resulting frequent and dense cloud cover reduces the effect of solar radiation on ground temperature
bullSubtropics from 235degndash40degbull The subtropics receive the highest radiation in summer since the Suns angle at noon is almost vertical to the
Earth whilst the cloud cover is relatively thin These regions receive less moisture (seetrade winds) what increases the effect of radiation Therefore most of the deserts in the world are situated in this zone In winter the radiation in these regions decreases significantly and it can temporarily be very cool and moist
bullTemperate zone from 40degndash60degbull In the temperate zone the solar radiation arrives with a smaller angle and the average temperatures here are
much cooler than in the subtropics The seasons and daylength differ significantly in the course of a year The climate is characterised by less frequent extremes a more regular distribution of the precipitation over the year and a longer vegetation period - therefore the name temperate
bullCold zone from 60degndash90degbull The polar areas between 60deg latitude and the poles receive less heat through solar radiation since the Sun
has a very flat angle toward the ground Because of the changes of the Earth axis angle to the Sun the daylength varies most in this zone In the summer polar days occur Vegetation is only possible during a few months per year and even then is often sparse The conditions for life in these regions are very hard
The characteristics of the climate zones change with great altitude differences within a small area like in mountain areas since temperatures decrease rapidly with altitude changing the climate compared to valleys
httpwwwlawrencehallofscienceorgpasspassv12PASSv12SolarMotionDemopdf
Background Questions
1 What does the metal brad represent 2 What does the black dot in the
middle of the compass rose represent
3 What is the latitude for Rhode Island 4 What is the latitude at the North
Pole 5 What is the latitude at the equator
417 deg N 715 deg WRhode Island Coordinates
Solar Demonstrator Activity
How to use solar demonstrator httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=ovC-HNH4Rr0
Using the solar demonstratorbull Test 1
1 Place the wheel at Rhode Islands Latitude Place the metal brad at the summer solstice and observe the path of the sun as it move from east to west across the sky
2 Move to the winter solstice and repeat3 QUESTION TEST 1 Describe the difference in the sunrsquos motion in the summer
versus the winter as seen from Rhode Island bull Test 2
1 Repeat but set the latitude near the equator2 QUESTION TEST 2 Describe the difference in the sunrsquos motion in the summer
versus the winter as seen from the equatorbull Test 3
1 Repeat but set the latitude near the north pole2 QUESTION TEST 3 Describe the difference in the sunrsquos motion in the summer
versus the winter as seen from the north pole
Final Question Describe how the solar demonstrators proves that the solar radiation differs between the equatorial regions temperate regions and polar regions
Is there a difference between GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE
and GLOBAL WARMING
NO they mean the same thing
The two terms refer to the same issue
The average global temperature is on the rise
Weather Vs Climate
bull Climate is what we expect weather is what we get ndash Mark Twain
bull Today helliphellipWEATHER is the temperature wind pressure precipitation at a given time in a given place
bull Over many years CLIMATE refers to the average weather conditions in a certain place
Weather
bull Climate in Rhode Island has a moist continental climate with four distinct seasons Its weather is tempered by sea winds particularly in the Seaboard Lowland which has a more moderate climate than the rest of New England The average annual temperature is about 50o F (10o C) in various parts of the state
Climate
httpwwwturnto10comweather
Why is the Earth the temperature it is bull The greenhouse effect greenhouse gases like water
vapor carbon dioxide and methane trap heat in the atmosphere keeping the Earth warm
httpwwwepagovclimatechangekidsbasicsindexhtml video 155
The Greenhouse Effect
Solar Radiation
Infrared radiation (heat)
On the diagram add the following labels Solar rays Infrared raysCarbon dioxide Heat escaping to spaceHeat bouncing off greenhouse gas to keep Earth warm
Carbon Dioxide
Heat escaping to space
Heat bouncing off greenhouse gas
2 ways human activity is adding CO2 to the atmosphere
Burning fossil fuels (coal oil natural gas)ndash This removes stored
carbon underground and releases it as gas
ndash Deforestation(killing trees faster then they can re-grow)
ndash Cutting down trees prevents them from taking CO2 out of the air
ndash Burning trees releases CO2 stored in the tree into the atmosphere
httpwwwfwccomimagesLowNoxCombustionSystems2jpg
httpblogwiredcomcarsimages20071213emissionsjpg
DEFORESTATION The importance of plants
bull Plants remove CO2 from the air in photosynthesis and store it as they grow
bull When plants and animals die some of the carbon will become fossil fuels under the surface of the earth
What will an increase in global temperature averages do MORE EXTREME WATER CYCLE
bull Coastal areas will have increased precipitation (rain snow)ndash More runoff ndash Increase in flooding
bull Areas away from the coast will have decreased precipitation ndash soils dry out ndash Droughtndash Less water in lakes and rivers
Drier conditions in the Central US
Who cares if it gets drier in the central US
Farming
bull Where is there more farming ndash A Exeter Rhode Island (home of Schartner Farms)
ndash B Colby Kansasndash See the Satellite Images of each ndash httpmapsgooglecommapshl=enamptab=wlampq=
exeter2C20Rhode20Islandndash httpmapsgooglecommaps
hl=enamptab=wlampq=exeter2C20Rhode20Island
bull Plantsbull Animalsbull Humans
A More Extreme Water Cycle will effect
What will the increase in temperature cause
bull Increased drought in some placesndash This could affect food supply
bull Increased flooding in some placesndash The highest human populations are along the coast
bull Populations of plants and animals may not be able to survive a change in their habitat they may become extinct ndash This may affect other organisms in the food webndash Entire ecosystems could change
Effecting the Oceansbull Changing Climate Means Changing Oceans
httpwwwnprorg20110121133117332changing-climate-means-changing-oceans Science Friday Jan 2011
bull Ocean water is becoming more acidic ndash httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=lIBTuJqPHIkampfeature=player_detailpage you tube ocean acidification NBC 321ndash A change of pH causes shelled organisms to be less able to produce shell this will change food webs ndash httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=Wo-bHt1bOsw chemistry of ocean acidication 3 minutes
bull ocean circulation patterns changingbull fisheries corals plankton shellfish changing bull Sea level is rising because 1) polar ice and
glaciers are melting and 2) the water itself is expanding as it warms up
What can you do to reduce greenhouse gases
Use less coal oil and natural gas for energy bull Turn off the lights when you leave a room bull Turn off your computer and other electronic devices when
youre not using them bull Drive less Instead walk ride your bike or use public
transportation if you can bull Use less water bull Create less waste bull Recycle used paper cans bottles and other materials
The temperature on Earth has changed many times throughout itrsquos history whatrsquos the big deal
bull The temperature is changing fast
bull Human activity is causing the change
Scientists can compare the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere today with the amount of carbon dioxide trapped in ancient ice cores which show that the atmosphere had less carbon dioxide in the past Source EPAs Climate Change Indicators (2010)
How do scientists know what the level of Carbon dioxide was in the distant past
One way is analyzing ICE CORESbull Video about ice cores httpserccarletonedueslabscryosphere4bhtml 231bull httpwwwnhmacuknature-onlineenvironmental-changemeasuring-climate-changeice-cor
es ice core scientists shows how to drill ice 221
Bubbles in ice recovered by drilling from deep within the Greenland Ice Sheet These bubbles are samples of pastatmospheres
Ancient ice contains climate information1) Bubbles trap the atmosphere
when that layer of ice was formed
2) Thickness of the layers can be seen indicating each year of ice formation
Figure 67 A Greenland ice core
EA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of Global Warmingand Our Energy Future Columbia University Press Source NOAA
Figure 83 The shrinking extent of old thick sea ice in the Arctic September 1988-September 2005 The area of old thick ice has been rapidly shrinking as the resultof prolonged melting and flow of ice out of the Arctic through the Fram Strait OW =open water The palegreen line encloses theregion of 90 iceconcentration
Ice free Arctic in summer soon
httpearthobservatorynasagovFeaturesLarsenIceShelf
Scientists had been observing theLarsen B for several years assumingthat it would eventually retreat But theywere stunned to see the ice shelfdisintegrate in a mere 35 days BetweenJanuary 31 and March 7 2002 the iceshelf lost 3250 square kilometers(about 1255 square miles) 1048754 an areasomewhat larger than Rhode Island 1048754sending a plume of icebergs into theWeddell Sea
Figure 101 The fuels used to produce all energy worldwide 2005Total global consumption of fuels in 2005 amounted to 488 exajoules(1018 joules) 87 of which was generated by fossil fuelsEA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of Global Warming and Our EnergyFuture Columbia University Press Data from Energy Information Agency DOE105
Figure 108 Renewable sources of power as proportions of total USelectric net summer capacity 2006The number in () are gigawatts of electrical capacity with correspondingpercentages of total capacity Biomass includes wood and derived fuels landfillgas municipal solid waste and agricultural by-products
Figure 109 Wind farmThe Maple Ridge WindFarm on the Tug HillPlateau in NY
EA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of GlobalWarming and Our Energy Future Columbia University PressSource National Renewable Energy Laboratory DOE
Overview of climate change epa
bull httpwwwepagovclimatechangekidsindexhtml ldquoclimate change basicsrdquo
Movement of air around earth
The movement of heat is called heat transfer Describe the heat transfer between a contain of hot water and air bull Hot water transfers heat energy to air
causing the air temperature to increaseDescribe the heat transfer between a container of ice and air bull Air transfers heat energy to ice causing
the air temperature to decrease
How does air above a hot surface move bull It will rise because hot air will
become less dense then the air around it Causing low air pressure
How does air above a cold surface move bull It will sink because it will be more
dense then air around it Causing high air pressure
a) What happens when air of the same temperature and humidity collide bull The air did not move much because the
air has similar densitiesB) What happens with air with different temperature and humidity collide bull The air in the cold tube sank the air in
the hot tube rose forming moving circulating air
C) Under what conditions do winds and rotating storms form bull Winds and storms form when air of
different temperature and therefore density meet
Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air Then in the space below explain why the air moves like this
When high pressure air meets low pressure air it forms windsThe air in the
cold tube became more dense forming high air pressure and sank
The air in the hot tube became less dense forming low air pressure and rose forming moving circulating air
Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air
The air in the cold tube became _More_dense forming __High___ air pressure and moved __Down_______
The air in the hot tube became _Less___dense forming _Low____ air pressure and it moved __up_______
Draw smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air
Question Would you expect wind to be formed in the air of set up A or B Why Wind will be formed in Set up A because two air masses of different temperatureor pressure are meeting
Set up ldquoArdquo Set up ldquoBrdquo
Convection Tube Quiz name _______________________
LAND and WATER Heat and Cool at different ratesAnalyze the following incomplete graph
Where do the following labels belong soil water time temperature time when heat turned off
Question 1) define convection movement of heat through air or water Warm air rises it expands and cools Cold air moves in to replace the rising warm air The cool air will then be heated and rise too 2) When is the land warming up faster than water During the dayWhat is warm airs density _low density______
3) Describe how the color of the ground can cause local winds Dark soils heat faster then light colored soil green fields forests Air above dark colored ground will rise to be replaced by cool air from the forests or fields
4) If the earth didnrsquot rotate describe what the global wind patterns would be like The earth would have 2 giant convection currents From the cold north and south poles the air would become dense and sink moving toward the equator then heat and rising moving back to the pole 5) Since the earth does rotate causing the Coriolis Effect how many different patterns of wind convection currents are there in the northern hemisphere 3 What are they called The easterlies move from the east to the west The westerlies move from the west to the east The trade winds move from the east to the west 6) What happens where the Westerlies meet the Easterlies in North America Weather changes are common where the two air masses meet
7) Draw the earth with arrows showing the predominant winds and label their names
bull During the day the land heats faster then the water becoming warmer then the water
bull The hot air above land become less dense and rises
bull The cool air above the water will become more dense and sink
bull This pattern causes cool air from the water over to blow over the land
bull At night the land cools faster then the water the land will become colder then the water
bull This cold air above land will become more dense and sink
bull The hot air above the water will become less dense and rise
bull This pattern causes cool air from the land to blow over the water 6 minute lecture convection current sea breeze and land breeze
httpwwwbingcomvideossearchq=land+breeze+sea+breeze+videoampFORM=VIRE11view=detailampmid=D95C8834DFF47CEDDE95D95C8834DFF47CEDDE95
2 minute video high pressure low pressurehttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=ZQV72Yzmjyc
bull Warm air with low density will rise creating an area of low air pressure
bull Cold air with high density will sink creating an area of high air pressure
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- What causes the seasons Quiz
- Seasons quiz continued
- Seasons quiz continued (2)
- Seasons quiz continued (3)
- Seasons quiz continued (4)
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- What causes the seasons
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- What causes the seasons Continued
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Using the solar demonstrator
- Is there a difference between GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE and GLOBA
- Weather Vs Climate
- Weather
- Why is the Earth the temperature it is
- The Greenhouse Effect
- 2 ways human activity is adding CO2 to the atmosphere
- DEFORESTATION The importance of plants
- What will an increase in global temperature averages do MORE
- Drier conditions in the Central US
- Farming
- A More Extreme Water Cycle will effect
- What will the increase in temperature cause
- Effecting the Oceans
- What can you do to reduce greenhouse gases
- The temperature on Earth has changed many times throughout itrsquos
- How do scientists know what the level of Carbon dioxide was in
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Overview of climate change epa
- Movement of air around earth
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to (2)
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-
Air Pretest
Name ____________________1 What is the name of the layer of air around the earth2 What is the name of the gas that makes up most of the air3 Is there more air in Rhode Island or on top of Mount Everest4 Is the temperature in Rhode Island and on top of Mount
Everest the same If not is one of them warmer5 What do you think the ozone layer does6 What do you think ldquothe greenhouse effectrdquo means7 What do you think ldquoglobal warmingrdquo means 8 Can you draw a diagram of the water cycle9 What causes wind10What causes weather
httpwwwtheozoneholecomatmospherehtm website with info and graphics
5 As solar energy hits the earthrsquos surface it is converted into heat That heat reradiates upward from the earthrsquos surface The farther away from the warm earthrsquos surface we go the less heat we feel until we hit the ozone layer in the stratosphere
httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=1YAOT92wuD8 Reveal Earthrsquos Atmosphere 5 minute video
httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=AU0eNa4GrgUt=931 The Antarctic Ozone Hole -- From Discovery to Recovery a Scientific Journey 16 min
AtmosphereCompositionGases78 nitrogen21 oxygen1 Trace gases argon 093 neon krypton ozone carbon dioxide 003
helium xenon water vapor 0ndash40 methane hydrogenSolids and liquidsDust salt ice and water
5 layers1 Troposphere ndash where weather happens ndash at Earthrsquos surface
Temperature decreases as you go away from Earth2 Stratosphere ndash where airplanes fly ndash ozone layer found here
Temperature increases as you go away from Earth3 Mesosphere ndash meteoroids burn up here
Temperature decreases as you go away from Earth4 Thermosphere ndash Mir (was here) and the international space station are found here Auroras occur hereTemperature increases as you go away from Earth Reaches up to 1000 degrees Celsius5 Exosphere ndash most satellites are found here
Temperature decreases as you go away from EarthThis layer blends into outer space
TEMPERATURE ON EARTH The sun does not heat all areas of the
earth equallyTwo factors greatly influence how much solar radiation the earthrsquos surface receives
1) the angle of incidence the angle at which sunrsquos rays strike the earth
2) the number of hours of daylight which is affected seasonally by the tilt of the earth
What causes the seasons Quiz
1 The longest day of the year for us (in the northern hemisphere) occurs ona) July 4b) June 21c) September 22d) December 21e) April 14 (before taxes are due)
Answer 1 (b) The longest day in the northern hemisphere is June 21st the summer solstice
Seasons quiz continued2 The hottest month(s) of the year for us in the northern hemisphere are
usuallya) June-Julyb) July-Augustc) August-Septemberd) December-Januarye) Whenever your cars air conditioning breaks
Answer 2 (b) The hottest months are usually July and August after the oceans have warmed up Note that the days are longer in June and July but the Northern Hemisphere and its oceans are still chilled from winter and spring Also note that local temperature variations may make some areas warmer in August and September (Indian Summer)
Seasons quiz continued3 Planet Earth is closest to the Sun during the month of
a) Juneb) Januaryc) Augustd) Julye) Hah You cant fool me We are always the same distance
January 4 (91402237 miles) July 4 (94502778 miles) January 12 (91417000 miles) July 12 (94496000 miles) February 11 (91729000 miles) August 17 (94119000 miles) March 26 (92712000 miles) September 14 (93516000 miles) April 10 (93198000 miles) October 15 (92705000 miles) May 23 (94108000 miles) November 16 (91673000 miles) June 15 (94415000 miles) December 15 (91496000 miles)
Answer 3 (b) The Earth is actually closest to the Sun in JANUARY Check the chart of distances if you dont believe me
Seasons quiz continued
4 Seasons in the southern hemisphere are
a) Much more severe (hotter in summer colder in winter)b) Much milderc) Exactly the same times and duration as oursd) Opposite of those in the northern hemisphere
Answer 4 (d) The Southern Hemisphere has summer in December - February and winter in June - August exactly opposite to us in the Northern Hemisphere And when it is spring in the northern hemisphere it is autumn in the southern And when it is autumn in the northern hemisphere it is spring in the southern
Seasons quiz continued5 Summer for us in the northern hemisphere occurs because
a) The Earth is closest to the Sun during this seasonb) The Earth is tilted so that the Northern Hemisphere is closer to the Sun than the Southern Hemispherec) The Earth is tilted so that the Sun stays up higher in the sky exposing the Earth to more direct sunlight for longer periods of timed) There are fewer clouds and more sunny days
Answer 5 (c) Seasons result from the Earths tilt of 235deg which means that each hemisphere will alternately be tilted towards the Sun exposing the ground to more direct sunlight for longer periods Just because the planet is tilted with the northern hemisphere tilted toward the Sun does NOT mean that the northern hemisphere is appreciably closer to the Sun Recall that in July the entire planet is much farther from the Sun than it is in January
bull Show video youtubecom What causes the Earthrsquos seasons Ignite learning Has super excited narrator
bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=3eFqZWX8nTo
bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=WLRA87TKXLM 6 minutes
bull Difference between seasons Northern and Southern hemisphere photo
bull httpwwwwindowsucaredutourlink=the_universeutsseasons3html
bull httpwwwbrainpopcomscienceweatherseasons short video with diagram
What causes the seasonsbull Fact The Earths orbit is in the shape of an ellipse so that sometimes the Earth is a little bit closer
to the Sun than at other times bull Question Is this the cause of the seasons bull Answer NObull Question Why doesnrsquot this make sense Consider this imagine that if the seasons were caused by
the Earths orbit how would the seasons in the northern hemisphere compare to seasons in the southern hemisphere
bull Answer Earth close entire earth northern and southern hemisphere summer hotbull Earth Far entire earth northern and southern hemisphere winter cold bull Question Is this true on Earth Is the entire planet hot at the same time and cold at the same
time bull Answer No This is not the case
bull Questions How do the seasons really compare between the northern and southern hemisphere bull Answer Summer in the northern hemisphere occurs at the same time as winter in the south and
vice-versa It turns out that the Earths orbit is nearly perfectly circular and the difference between its closest point and its furthest point is very small In fact the Earth is furthest away from the Sun in June when it is summer in the northern hemisphere
httpwwwwindowsucaredutourlink=the_universeutsseasons2html
Website to explain seasons httpwwwwindowsucaredutourlink=the_universeutsseasons1htmlampedu=midampback=searchsearch_navigationhtml
What causes the seasons Continued
bull The Earth has seasons because it rotates on an axis that is tilted in its orbit That 235 degree tilt causes the different hemispheres to be at different angles to the sun at different times of the year
bull Because of the angle during winter the energy from the sun must travel through more atmosphere to reach the poles also a given amount of the sunrsquos energy is spread over a larger area
Climate zones are areas with distinct climates
The solar radiation reaches the ground on different parts of the Earth with different angles On the equator the sunlight reaches the ground almost perpendicularly whilst at the poles the angle of the Sun is lower or even under the horizon during the polar night
httpcontentmeteobluecomenmeteoscoolgeneral-climate-zones
There are 4 major climate zonesbullTropical zone from 0degndash235deg(between the tropics)
bull In the regions between the equator and the tropics (equatorial region) the solar radiation reaches the ground nearly vertically at noontime during almost the entire year Thereby it is very warm in these regions Through high temperatures more water evaporates and the air is often moist The resulting frequent and dense cloud cover reduces the effect of solar radiation on ground temperature
bullSubtropics from 235degndash40degbull The subtropics receive the highest radiation in summer since the Suns angle at noon is almost vertical to the
Earth whilst the cloud cover is relatively thin These regions receive less moisture (seetrade winds) what increases the effect of radiation Therefore most of the deserts in the world are situated in this zone In winter the radiation in these regions decreases significantly and it can temporarily be very cool and moist
bullTemperate zone from 40degndash60degbull In the temperate zone the solar radiation arrives with a smaller angle and the average temperatures here are
much cooler than in the subtropics The seasons and daylength differ significantly in the course of a year The climate is characterised by less frequent extremes a more regular distribution of the precipitation over the year and a longer vegetation period - therefore the name temperate
bullCold zone from 60degndash90degbull The polar areas between 60deg latitude and the poles receive less heat through solar radiation since the Sun
has a very flat angle toward the ground Because of the changes of the Earth axis angle to the Sun the daylength varies most in this zone In the summer polar days occur Vegetation is only possible during a few months per year and even then is often sparse The conditions for life in these regions are very hard
The characteristics of the climate zones change with great altitude differences within a small area like in mountain areas since temperatures decrease rapidly with altitude changing the climate compared to valleys
httpwwwlawrencehallofscienceorgpasspassv12PASSv12SolarMotionDemopdf
Background Questions
1 What does the metal brad represent 2 What does the black dot in the
middle of the compass rose represent
3 What is the latitude for Rhode Island 4 What is the latitude at the North
Pole 5 What is the latitude at the equator
417 deg N 715 deg WRhode Island Coordinates
Solar Demonstrator Activity
How to use solar demonstrator httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=ovC-HNH4Rr0
Using the solar demonstratorbull Test 1
1 Place the wheel at Rhode Islands Latitude Place the metal brad at the summer solstice and observe the path of the sun as it move from east to west across the sky
2 Move to the winter solstice and repeat3 QUESTION TEST 1 Describe the difference in the sunrsquos motion in the summer
versus the winter as seen from Rhode Island bull Test 2
1 Repeat but set the latitude near the equator2 QUESTION TEST 2 Describe the difference in the sunrsquos motion in the summer
versus the winter as seen from the equatorbull Test 3
1 Repeat but set the latitude near the north pole2 QUESTION TEST 3 Describe the difference in the sunrsquos motion in the summer
versus the winter as seen from the north pole
Final Question Describe how the solar demonstrators proves that the solar radiation differs between the equatorial regions temperate regions and polar regions
Is there a difference between GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE
and GLOBAL WARMING
NO they mean the same thing
The two terms refer to the same issue
The average global temperature is on the rise
Weather Vs Climate
bull Climate is what we expect weather is what we get ndash Mark Twain
bull Today helliphellipWEATHER is the temperature wind pressure precipitation at a given time in a given place
bull Over many years CLIMATE refers to the average weather conditions in a certain place
Weather
bull Climate in Rhode Island has a moist continental climate with four distinct seasons Its weather is tempered by sea winds particularly in the Seaboard Lowland which has a more moderate climate than the rest of New England The average annual temperature is about 50o F (10o C) in various parts of the state
Climate
httpwwwturnto10comweather
Why is the Earth the temperature it is bull The greenhouse effect greenhouse gases like water
vapor carbon dioxide and methane trap heat in the atmosphere keeping the Earth warm
httpwwwepagovclimatechangekidsbasicsindexhtml video 155
The Greenhouse Effect
Solar Radiation
Infrared radiation (heat)
On the diagram add the following labels Solar rays Infrared raysCarbon dioxide Heat escaping to spaceHeat bouncing off greenhouse gas to keep Earth warm
Carbon Dioxide
Heat escaping to space
Heat bouncing off greenhouse gas
2 ways human activity is adding CO2 to the atmosphere
Burning fossil fuels (coal oil natural gas)ndash This removes stored
carbon underground and releases it as gas
ndash Deforestation(killing trees faster then they can re-grow)
ndash Cutting down trees prevents them from taking CO2 out of the air
ndash Burning trees releases CO2 stored in the tree into the atmosphere
httpwwwfwccomimagesLowNoxCombustionSystems2jpg
httpblogwiredcomcarsimages20071213emissionsjpg
DEFORESTATION The importance of plants
bull Plants remove CO2 from the air in photosynthesis and store it as they grow
bull When plants and animals die some of the carbon will become fossil fuels under the surface of the earth
What will an increase in global temperature averages do MORE EXTREME WATER CYCLE
bull Coastal areas will have increased precipitation (rain snow)ndash More runoff ndash Increase in flooding
bull Areas away from the coast will have decreased precipitation ndash soils dry out ndash Droughtndash Less water in lakes and rivers
Drier conditions in the Central US
Who cares if it gets drier in the central US
Farming
bull Where is there more farming ndash A Exeter Rhode Island (home of Schartner Farms)
ndash B Colby Kansasndash See the Satellite Images of each ndash httpmapsgooglecommapshl=enamptab=wlampq=
exeter2C20Rhode20Islandndash httpmapsgooglecommaps
hl=enamptab=wlampq=exeter2C20Rhode20Island
bull Plantsbull Animalsbull Humans
A More Extreme Water Cycle will effect
What will the increase in temperature cause
bull Increased drought in some placesndash This could affect food supply
bull Increased flooding in some placesndash The highest human populations are along the coast
bull Populations of plants and animals may not be able to survive a change in their habitat they may become extinct ndash This may affect other organisms in the food webndash Entire ecosystems could change
Effecting the Oceansbull Changing Climate Means Changing Oceans
httpwwwnprorg20110121133117332changing-climate-means-changing-oceans Science Friday Jan 2011
bull Ocean water is becoming more acidic ndash httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=lIBTuJqPHIkampfeature=player_detailpage you tube ocean acidification NBC 321ndash A change of pH causes shelled organisms to be less able to produce shell this will change food webs ndash httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=Wo-bHt1bOsw chemistry of ocean acidication 3 minutes
bull ocean circulation patterns changingbull fisheries corals plankton shellfish changing bull Sea level is rising because 1) polar ice and
glaciers are melting and 2) the water itself is expanding as it warms up
What can you do to reduce greenhouse gases
Use less coal oil and natural gas for energy bull Turn off the lights when you leave a room bull Turn off your computer and other electronic devices when
youre not using them bull Drive less Instead walk ride your bike or use public
transportation if you can bull Use less water bull Create less waste bull Recycle used paper cans bottles and other materials
The temperature on Earth has changed many times throughout itrsquos history whatrsquos the big deal
bull The temperature is changing fast
bull Human activity is causing the change
Scientists can compare the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere today with the amount of carbon dioxide trapped in ancient ice cores which show that the atmosphere had less carbon dioxide in the past Source EPAs Climate Change Indicators (2010)
How do scientists know what the level of Carbon dioxide was in the distant past
One way is analyzing ICE CORESbull Video about ice cores httpserccarletonedueslabscryosphere4bhtml 231bull httpwwwnhmacuknature-onlineenvironmental-changemeasuring-climate-changeice-cor
es ice core scientists shows how to drill ice 221
Bubbles in ice recovered by drilling from deep within the Greenland Ice Sheet These bubbles are samples of pastatmospheres
Ancient ice contains climate information1) Bubbles trap the atmosphere
when that layer of ice was formed
2) Thickness of the layers can be seen indicating each year of ice formation
Figure 67 A Greenland ice core
EA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of Global Warmingand Our Energy Future Columbia University Press Source NOAA
Figure 83 The shrinking extent of old thick sea ice in the Arctic September 1988-September 2005 The area of old thick ice has been rapidly shrinking as the resultof prolonged melting and flow of ice out of the Arctic through the Fram Strait OW =open water The palegreen line encloses theregion of 90 iceconcentration
Ice free Arctic in summer soon
httpearthobservatorynasagovFeaturesLarsenIceShelf
Scientists had been observing theLarsen B for several years assumingthat it would eventually retreat But theywere stunned to see the ice shelfdisintegrate in a mere 35 days BetweenJanuary 31 and March 7 2002 the iceshelf lost 3250 square kilometers(about 1255 square miles) 1048754 an areasomewhat larger than Rhode Island 1048754sending a plume of icebergs into theWeddell Sea
Figure 101 The fuels used to produce all energy worldwide 2005Total global consumption of fuels in 2005 amounted to 488 exajoules(1018 joules) 87 of which was generated by fossil fuelsEA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of Global Warming and Our EnergyFuture Columbia University Press Data from Energy Information Agency DOE105
Figure 108 Renewable sources of power as proportions of total USelectric net summer capacity 2006The number in () are gigawatts of electrical capacity with correspondingpercentages of total capacity Biomass includes wood and derived fuels landfillgas municipal solid waste and agricultural by-products
Figure 109 Wind farmThe Maple Ridge WindFarm on the Tug HillPlateau in NY
EA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of GlobalWarming and Our Energy Future Columbia University PressSource National Renewable Energy Laboratory DOE
Overview of climate change epa
bull httpwwwepagovclimatechangekidsindexhtml ldquoclimate change basicsrdquo
Movement of air around earth
The movement of heat is called heat transfer Describe the heat transfer between a contain of hot water and air bull Hot water transfers heat energy to air
causing the air temperature to increaseDescribe the heat transfer between a container of ice and air bull Air transfers heat energy to ice causing
the air temperature to decrease
How does air above a hot surface move bull It will rise because hot air will
become less dense then the air around it Causing low air pressure
How does air above a cold surface move bull It will sink because it will be more
dense then air around it Causing high air pressure
a) What happens when air of the same temperature and humidity collide bull The air did not move much because the
air has similar densitiesB) What happens with air with different temperature and humidity collide bull The air in the cold tube sank the air in
the hot tube rose forming moving circulating air
C) Under what conditions do winds and rotating storms form bull Winds and storms form when air of
different temperature and therefore density meet
Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air Then in the space below explain why the air moves like this
When high pressure air meets low pressure air it forms windsThe air in the
cold tube became more dense forming high air pressure and sank
The air in the hot tube became less dense forming low air pressure and rose forming moving circulating air
Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air
The air in the cold tube became _More_dense forming __High___ air pressure and moved __Down_______
The air in the hot tube became _Less___dense forming _Low____ air pressure and it moved __up_______
Draw smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air
Question Would you expect wind to be formed in the air of set up A or B Why Wind will be formed in Set up A because two air masses of different temperatureor pressure are meeting
Set up ldquoArdquo Set up ldquoBrdquo
Convection Tube Quiz name _______________________
LAND and WATER Heat and Cool at different ratesAnalyze the following incomplete graph
Where do the following labels belong soil water time temperature time when heat turned off
Question 1) define convection movement of heat through air or water Warm air rises it expands and cools Cold air moves in to replace the rising warm air The cool air will then be heated and rise too 2) When is the land warming up faster than water During the dayWhat is warm airs density _low density______
3) Describe how the color of the ground can cause local winds Dark soils heat faster then light colored soil green fields forests Air above dark colored ground will rise to be replaced by cool air from the forests or fields
4) If the earth didnrsquot rotate describe what the global wind patterns would be like The earth would have 2 giant convection currents From the cold north and south poles the air would become dense and sink moving toward the equator then heat and rising moving back to the pole 5) Since the earth does rotate causing the Coriolis Effect how many different patterns of wind convection currents are there in the northern hemisphere 3 What are they called The easterlies move from the east to the west The westerlies move from the west to the east The trade winds move from the east to the west 6) What happens where the Westerlies meet the Easterlies in North America Weather changes are common where the two air masses meet
7) Draw the earth with arrows showing the predominant winds and label their names
bull During the day the land heats faster then the water becoming warmer then the water
bull The hot air above land become less dense and rises
bull The cool air above the water will become more dense and sink
bull This pattern causes cool air from the water over to blow over the land
bull At night the land cools faster then the water the land will become colder then the water
bull This cold air above land will become more dense and sink
bull The hot air above the water will become less dense and rise
bull This pattern causes cool air from the land to blow over the water 6 minute lecture convection current sea breeze and land breeze
httpwwwbingcomvideossearchq=land+breeze+sea+breeze+videoampFORM=VIRE11view=detailampmid=D95C8834DFF47CEDDE95D95C8834DFF47CEDDE95
2 minute video high pressure low pressurehttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=ZQV72Yzmjyc
bull Warm air with low density will rise creating an area of low air pressure
bull Cold air with high density will sink creating an area of high air pressure
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- What causes the seasons Quiz
- Seasons quiz continued
- Seasons quiz continued (2)
- Seasons quiz continued (3)
- Seasons quiz continued (4)
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- What causes the seasons
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- What causes the seasons Continued
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Using the solar demonstrator
- Is there a difference between GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE and GLOBA
- Weather Vs Climate
- Weather
- Why is the Earth the temperature it is
- The Greenhouse Effect
- 2 ways human activity is adding CO2 to the atmosphere
- DEFORESTATION The importance of plants
- What will an increase in global temperature averages do MORE
- Drier conditions in the Central US
- Farming
- A More Extreme Water Cycle will effect
- What will the increase in temperature cause
- Effecting the Oceans
- What can you do to reduce greenhouse gases
- The temperature on Earth has changed many times throughout itrsquos
- How do scientists know what the level of Carbon dioxide was in
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Overview of climate change epa
- Movement of air around earth
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to (2)
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-
httpwwwtheozoneholecomatmospherehtm website with info and graphics
5 As solar energy hits the earthrsquos surface it is converted into heat That heat reradiates upward from the earthrsquos surface The farther away from the warm earthrsquos surface we go the less heat we feel until we hit the ozone layer in the stratosphere
httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=1YAOT92wuD8 Reveal Earthrsquos Atmosphere 5 minute video
httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=AU0eNa4GrgUt=931 The Antarctic Ozone Hole -- From Discovery to Recovery a Scientific Journey 16 min
AtmosphereCompositionGases78 nitrogen21 oxygen1 Trace gases argon 093 neon krypton ozone carbon dioxide 003
helium xenon water vapor 0ndash40 methane hydrogenSolids and liquidsDust salt ice and water
5 layers1 Troposphere ndash where weather happens ndash at Earthrsquos surface
Temperature decreases as you go away from Earth2 Stratosphere ndash where airplanes fly ndash ozone layer found here
Temperature increases as you go away from Earth3 Mesosphere ndash meteoroids burn up here
Temperature decreases as you go away from Earth4 Thermosphere ndash Mir (was here) and the international space station are found here Auroras occur hereTemperature increases as you go away from Earth Reaches up to 1000 degrees Celsius5 Exosphere ndash most satellites are found here
Temperature decreases as you go away from EarthThis layer blends into outer space
TEMPERATURE ON EARTH The sun does not heat all areas of the
earth equallyTwo factors greatly influence how much solar radiation the earthrsquos surface receives
1) the angle of incidence the angle at which sunrsquos rays strike the earth
2) the number of hours of daylight which is affected seasonally by the tilt of the earth
What causes the seasons Quiz
1 The longest day of the year for us (in the northern hemisphere) occurs ona) July 4b) June 21c) September 22d) December 21e) April 14 (before taxes are due)
Answer 1 (b) The longest day in the northern hemisphere is June 21st the summer solstice
Seasons quiz continued2 The hottest month(s) of the year for us in the northern hemisphere are
usuallya) June-Julyb) July-Augustc) August-Septemberd) December-Januarye) Whenever your cars air conditioning breaks
Answer 2 (b) The hottest months are usually July and August after the oceans have warmed up Note that the days are longer in June and July but the Northern Hemisphere and its oceans are still chilled from winter and spring Also note that local temperature variations may make some areas warmer in August and September (Indian Summer)
Seasons quiz continued3 Planet Earth is closest to the Sun during the month of
a) Juneb) Januaryc) Augustd) Julye) Hah You cant fool me We are always the same distance
January 4 (91402237 miles) July 4 (94502778 miles) January 12 (91417000 miles) July 12 (94496000 miles) February 11 (91729000 miles) August 17 (94119000 miles) March 26 (92712000 miles) September 14 (93516000 miles) April 10 (93198000 miles) October 15 (92705000 miles) May 23 (94108000 miles) November 16 (91673000 miles) June 15 (94415000 miles) December 15 (91496000 miles)
Answer 3 (b) The Earth is actually closest to the Sun in JANUARY Check the chart of distances if you dont believe me
Seasons quiz continued
4 Seasons in the southern hemisphere are
a) Much more severe (hotter in summer colder in winter)b) Much milderc) Exactly the same times and duration as oursd) Opposite of those in the northern hemisphere
Answer 4 (d) The Southern Hemisphere has summer in December - February and winter in June - August exactly opposite to us in the Northern Hemisphere And when it is spring in the northern hemisphere it is autumn in the southern And when it is autumn in the northern hemisphere it is spring in the southern
Seasons quiz continued5 Summer for us in the northern hemisphere occurs because
a) The Earth is closest to the Sun during this seasonb) The Earth is tilted so that the Northern Hemisphere is closer to the Sun than the Southern Hemispherec) The Earth is tilted so that the Sun stays up higher in the sky exposing the Earth to more direct sunlight for longer periods of timed) There are fewer clouds and more sunny days
Answer 5 (c) Seasons result from the Earths tilt of 235deg which means that each hemisphere will alternately be tilted towards the Sun exposing the ground to more direct sunlight for longer periods Just because the planet is tilted with the northern hemisphere tilted toward the Sun does NOT mean that the northern hemisphere is appreciably closer to the Sun Recall that in July the entire planet is much farther from the Sun than it is in January
bull Show video youtubecom What causes the Earthrsquos seasons Ignite learning Has super excited narrator
bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=3eFqZWX8nTo
bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=WLRA87TKXLM 6 minutes
bull Difference between seasons Northern and Southern hemisphere photo
bull httpwwwwindowsucaredutourlink=the_universeutsseasons3html
bull httpwwwbrainpopcomscienceweatherseasons short video with diagram
What causes the seasonsbull Fact The Earths orbit is in the shape of an ellipse so that sometimes the Earth is a little bit closer
to the Sun than at other times bull Question Is this the cause of the seasons bull Answer NObull Question Why doesnrsquot this make sense Consider this imagine that if the seasons were caused by
the Earths orbit how would the seasons in the northern hemisphere compare to seasons in the southern hemisphere
bull Answer Earth close entire earth northern and southern hemisphere summer hotbull Earth Far entire earth northern and southern hemisphere winter cold bull Question Is this true on Earth Is the entire planet hot at the same time and cold at the same
time bull Answer No This is not the case
bull Questions How do the seasons really compare between the northern and southern hemisphere bull Answer Summer in the northern hemisphere occurs at the same time as winter in the south and
vice-versa It turns out that the Earths orbit is nearly perfectly circular and the difference between its closest point and its furthest point is very small In fact the Earth is furthest away from the Sun in June when it is summer in the northern hemisphere
httpwwwwindowsucaredutourlink=the_universeutsseasons2html
Website to explain seasons httpwwwwindowsucaredutourlink=the_universeutsseasons1htmlampedu=midampback=searchsearch_navigationhtml
What causes the seasons Continued
bull The Earth has seasons because it rotates on an axis that is tilted in its orbit That 235 degree tilt causes the different hemispheres to be at different angles to the sun at different times of the year
bull Because of the angle during winter the energy from the sun must travel through more atmosphere to reach the poles also a given amount of the sunrsquos energy is spread over a larger area
Climate zones are areas with distinct climates
The solar radiation reaches the ground on different parts of the Earth with different angles On the equator the sunlight reaches the ground almost perpendicularly whilst at the poles the angle of the Sun is lower or even under the horizon during the polar night
httpcontentmeteobluecomenmeteoscoolgeneral-climate-zones
There are 4 major climate zonesbullTropical zone from 0degndash235deg(between the tropics)
bull In the regions between the equator and the tropics (equatorial region) the solar radiation reaches the ground nearly vertically at noontime during almost the entire year Thereby it is very warm in these regions Through high temperatures more water evaporates and the air is often moist The resulting frequent and dense cloud cover reduces the effect of solar radiation on ground temperature
bullSubtropics from 235degndash40degbull The subtropics receive the highest radiation in summer since the Suns angle at noon is almost vertical to the
Earth whilst the cloud cover is relatively thin These regions receive less moisture (seetrade winds) what increases the effect of radiation Therefore most of the deserts in the world are situated in this zone In winter the radiation in these regions decreases significantly and it can temporarily be very cool and moist
bullTemperate zone from 40degndash60degbull In the temperate zone the solar radiation arrives with a smaller angle and the average temperatures here are
much cooler than in the subtropics The seasons and daylength differ significantly in the course of a year The climate is characterised by less frequent extremes a more regular distribution of the precipitation over the year and a longer vegetation period - therefore the name temperate
bullCold zone from 60degndash90degbull The polar areas between 60deg latitude and the poles receive less heat through solar radiation since the Sun
has a very flat angle toward the ground Because of the changes of the Earth axis angle to the Sun the daylength varies most in this zone In the summer polar days occur Vegetation is only possible during a few months per year and even then is often sparse The conditions for life in these regions are very hard
The characteristics of the climate zones change with great altitude differences within a small area like in mountain areas since temperatures decrease rapidly with altitude changing the climate compared to valleys
httpwwwlawrencehallofscienceorgpasspassv12PASSv12SolarMotionDemopdf
Background Questions
1 What does the metal brad represent 2 What does the black dot in the
middle of the compass rose represent
3 What is the latitude for Rhode Island 4 What is the latitude at the North
Pole 5 What is the latitude at the equator
417 deg N 715 deg WRhode Island Coordinates
Solar Demonstrator Activity
How to use solar demonstrator httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=ovC-HNH4Rr0
Using the solar demonstratorbull Test 1
1 Place the wheel at Rhode Islands Latitude Place the metal brad at the summer solstice and observe the path of the sun as it move from east to west across the sky
2 Move to the winter solstice and repeat3 QUESTION TEST 1 Describe the difference in the sunrsquos motion in the summer
versus the winter as seen from Rhode Island bull Test 2
1 Repeat but set the latitude near the equator2 QUESTION TEST 2 Describe the difference in the sunrsquos motion in the summer
versus the winter as seen from the equatorbull Test 3
1 Repeat but set the latitude near the north pole2 QUESTION TEST 3 Describe the difference in the sunrsquos motion in the summer
versus the winter as seen from the north pole
Final Question Describe how the solar demonstrators proves that the solar radiation differs between the equatorial regions temperate regions and polar regions
Is there a difference between GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE
and GLOBAL WARMING
NO they mean the same thing
The two terms refer to the same issue
The average global temperature is on the rise
Weather Vs Climate
bull Climate is what we expect weather is what we get ndash Mark Twain
bull Today helliphellipWEATHER is the temperature wind pressure precipitation at a given time in a given place
bull Over many years CLIMATE refers to the average weather conditions in a certain place
Weather
bull Climate in Rhode Island has a moist continental climate with four distinct seasons Its weather is tempered by sea winds particularly in the Seaboard Lowland which has a more moderate climate than the rest of New England The average annual temperature is about 50o F (10o C) in various parts of the state
Climate
httpwwwturnto10comweather
Why is the Earth the temperature it is bull The greenhouse effect greenhouse gases like water
vapor carbon dioxide and methane trap heat in the atmosphere keeping the Earth warm
httpwwwepagovclimatechangekidsbasicsindexhtml video 155
The Greenhouse Effect
Solar Radiation
Infrared radiation (heat)
On the diagram add the following labels Solar rays Infrared raysCarbon dioxide Heat escaping to spaceHeat bouncing off greenhouse gas to keep Earth warm
Carbon Dioxide
Heat escaping to space
Heat bouncing off greenhouse gas
2 ways human activity is adding CO2 to the atmosphere
Burning fossil fuels (coal oil natural gas)ndash This removes stored
carbon underground and releases it as gas
ndash Deforestation(killing trees faster then they can re-grow)
ndash Cutting down trees prevents them from taking CO2 out of the air
ndash Burning trees releases CO2 stored in the tree into the atmosphere
httpwwwfwccomimagesLowNoxCombustionSystems2jpg
httpblogwiredcomcarsimages20071213emissionsjpg
DEFORESTATION The importance of plants
bull Plants remove CO2 from the air in photosynthesis and store it as they grow
bull When plants and animals die some of the carbon will become fossil fuels under the surface of the earth
What will an increase in global temperature averages do MORE EXTREME WATER CYCLE
bull Coastal areas will have increased precipitation (rain snow)ndash More runoff ndash Increase in flooding
bull Areas away from the coast will have decreased precipitation ndash soils dry out ndash Droughtndash Less water in lakes and rivers
Drier conditions in the Central US
Who cares if it gets drier in the central US
Farming
bull Where is there more farming ndash A Exeter Rhode Island (home of Schartner Farms)
ndash B Colby Kansasndash See the Satellite Images of each ndash httpmapsgooglecommapshl=enamptab=wlampq=
exeter2C20Rhode20Islandndash httpmapsgooglecommaps
hl=enamptab=wlampq=exeter2C20Rhode20Island
bull Plantsbull Animalsbull Humans
A More Extreme Water Cycle will effect
What will the increase in temperature cause
bull Increased drought in some placesndash This could affect food supply
bull Increased flooding in some placesndash The highest human populations are along the coast
bull Populations of plants and animals may not be able to survive a change in their habitat they may become extinct ndash This may affect other organisms in the food webndash Entire ecosystems could change
Effecting the Oceansbull Changing Climate Means Changing Oceans
httpwwwnprorg20110121133117332changing-climate-means-changing-oceans Science Friday Jan 2011
bull Ocean water is becoming more acidic ndash httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=lIBTuJqPHIkampfeature=player_detailpage you tube ocean acidification NBC 321ndash A change of pH causes shelled organisms to be less able to produce shell this will change food webs ndash httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=Wo-bHt1bOsw chemistry of ocean acidication 3 minutes
bull ocean circulation patterns changingbull fisheries corals plankton shellfish changing bull Sea level is rising because 1) polar ice and
glaciers are melting and 2) the water itself is expanding as it warms up
What can you do to reduce greenhouse gases
Use less coal oil and natural gas for energy bull Turn off the lights when you leave a room bull Turn off your computer and other electronic devices when
youre not using them bull Drive less Instead walk ride your bike or use public
transportation if you can bull Use less water bull Create less waste bull Recycle used paper cans bottles and other materials
The temperature on Earth has changed many times throughout itrsquos history whatrsquos the big deal
bull The temperature is changing fast
bull Human activity is causing the change
Scientists can compare the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere today with the amount of carbon dioxide trapped in ancient ice cores which show that the atmosphere had less carbon dioxide in the past Source EPAs Climate Change Indicators (2010)
How do scientists know what the level of Carbon dioxide was in the distant past
One way is analyzing ICE CORESbull Video about ice cores httpserccarletonedueslabscryosphere4bhtml 231bull httpwwwnhmacuknature-onlineenvironmental-changemeasuring-climate-changeice-cor
es ice core scientists shows how to drill ice 221
Bubbles in ice recovered by drilling from deep within the Greenland Ice Sheet These bubbles are samples of pastatmospheres
Ancient ice contains climate information1) Bubbles trap the atmosphere
when that layer of ice was formed
2) Thickness of the layers can be seen indicating each year of ice formation
Figure 67 A Greenland ice core
EA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of Global Warmingand Our Energy Future Columbia University Press Source NOAA
Figure 83 The shrinking extent of old thick sea ice in the Arctic September 1988-September 2005 The area of old thick ice has been rapidly shrinking as the resultof prolonged melting and flow of ice out of the Arctic through the Fram Strait OW =open water The palegreen line encloses theregion of 90 iceconcentration
Ice free Arctic in summer soon
httpearthobservatorynasagovFeaturesLarsenIceShelf
Scientists had been observing theLarsen B for several years assumingthat it would eventually retreat But theywere stunned to see the ice shelfdisintegrate in a mere 35 days BetweenJanuary 31 and March 7 2002 the iceshelf lost 3250 square kilometers(about 1255 square miles) 1048754 an areasomewhat larger than Rhode Island 1048754sending a plume of icebergs into theWeddell Sea
Figure 101 The fuels used to produce all energy worldwide 2005Total global consumption of fuels in 2005 amounted to 488 exajoules(1018 joules) 87 of which was generated by fossil fuelsEA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of Global Warming and Our EnergyFuture Columbia University Press Data from Energy Information Agency DOE105
Figure 108 Renewable sources of power as proportions of total USelectric net summer capacity 2006The number in () are gigawatts of electrical capacity with correspondingpercentages of total capacity Biomass includes wood and derived fuels landfillgas municipal solid waste and agricultural by-products
Figure 109 Wind farmThe Maple Ridge WindFarm on the Tug HillPlateau in NY
EA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of GlobalWarming and Our Energy Future Columbia University PressSource National Renewable Energy Laboratory DOE
Overview of climate change epa
bull httpwwwepagovclimatechangekidsindexhtml ldquoclimate change basicsrdquo
Movement of air around earth
The movement of heat is called heat transfer Describe the heat transfer between a contain of hot water and air bull Hot water transfers heat energy to air
causing the air temperature to increaseDescribe the heat transfer between a container of ice and air bull Air transfers heat energy to ice causing
the air temperature to decrease
How does air above a hot surface move bull It will rise because hot air will
become less dense then the air around it Causing low air pressure
How does air above a cold surface move bull It will sink because it will be more
dense then air around it Causing high air pressure
a) What happens when air of the same temperature and humidity collide bull The air did not move much because the
air has similar densitiesB) What happens with air with different temperature and humidity collide bull The air in the cold tube sank the air in
the hot tube rose forming moving circulating air
C) Under what conditions do winds and rotating storms form bull Winds and storms form when air of
different temperature and therefore density meet
Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air Then in the space below explain why the air moves like this
When high pressure air meets low pressure air it forms windsThe air in the
cold tube became more dense forming high air pressure and sank
The air in the hot tube became less dense forming low air pressure and rose forming moving circulating air
Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air
The air in the cold tube became _More_dense forming __High___ air pressure and moved __Down_______
The air in the hot tube became _Less___dense forming _Low____ air pressure and it moved __up_______
Draw smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air
Question Would you expect wind to be formed in the air of set up A or B Why Wind will be formed in Set up A because two air masses of different temperatureor pressure are meeting
Set up ldquoArdquo Set up ldquoBrdquo
Convection Tube Quiz name _______________________
LAND and WATER Heat and Cool at different ratesAnalyze the following incomplete graph
Where do the following labels belong soil water time temperature time when heat turned off
Question 1) define convection movement of heat through air or water Warm air rises it expands and cools Cold air moves in to replace the rising warm air The cool air will then be heated and rise too 2) When is the land warming up faster than water During the dayWhat is warm airs density _low density______
3) Describe how the color of the ground can cause local winds Dark soils heat faster then light colored soil green fields forests Air above dark colored ground will rise to be replaced by cool air from the forests or fields
4) If the earth didnrsquot rotate describe what the global wind patterns would be like The earth would have 2 giant convection currents From the cold north and south poles the air would become dense and sink moving toward the equator then heat and rising moving back to the pole 5) Since the earth does rotate causing the Coriolis Effect how many different patterns of wind convection currents are there in the northern hemisphere 3 What are they called The easterlies move from the east to the west The westerlies move from the west to the east The trade winds move from the east to the west 6) What happens where the Westerlies meet the Easterlies in North America Weather changes are common where the two air masses meet
7) Draw the earth with arrows showing the predominant winds and label their names
bull During the day the land heats faster then the water becoming warmer then the water
bull The hot air above land become less dense and rises
bull The cool air above the water will become more dense and sink
bull This pattern causes cool air from the water over to blow over the land
bull At night the land cools faster then the water the land will become colder then the water
bull This cold air above land will become more dense and sink
bull The hot air above the water will become less dense and rise
bull This pattern causes cool air from the land to blow over the water 6 minute lecture convection current sea breeze and land breeze
httpwwwbingcomvideossearchq=land+breeze+sea+breeze+videoampFORM=VIRE11view=detailampmid=D95C8834DFF47CEDDE95D95C8834DFF47CEDDE95
2 minute video high pressure low pressurehttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=ZQV72Yzmjyc
bull Warm air with low density will rise creating an area of low air pressure
bull Cold air with high density will sink creating an area of high air pressure
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- What causes the seasons Quiz
- Seasons quiz continued
- Seasons quiz continued (2)
- Seasons quiz continued (3)
- Seasons quiz continued (4)
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- What causes the seasons
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- What causes the seasons Continued
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Using the solar demonstrator
- Is there a difference between GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE and GLOBA
- Weather Vs Climate
- Weather
- Why is the Earth the temperature it is
- The Greenhouse Effect
- 2 ways human activity is adding CO2 to the atmosphere
- DEFORESTATION The importance of plants
- What will an increase in global temperature averages do MORE
- Drier conditions in the Central US
- Farming
- A More Extreme Water Cycle will effect
- What will the increase in temperature cause
- Effecting the Oceans
- What can you do to reduce greenhouse gases
- The temperature on Earth has changed many times throughout itrsquos
- How do scientists know what the level of Carbon dioxide was in
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Overview of climate change epa
- Movement of air around earth
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to (2)
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-
5 As solar energy hits the earthrsquos surface it is converted into heat That heat reradiates upward from the earthrsquos surface The farther away from the warm earthrsquos surface we go the less heat we feel until we hit the ozone layer in the stratosphere
httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=1YAOT92wuD8 Reveal Earthrsquos Atmosphere 5 minute video
httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=AU0eNa4GrgUt=931 The Antarctic Ozone Hole -- From Discovery to Recovery a Scientific Journey 16 min
AtmosphereCompositionGases78 nitrogen21 oxygen1 Trace gases argon 093 neon krypton ozone carbon dioxide 003
helium xenon water vapor 0ndash40 methane hydrogenSolids and liquidsDust salt ice and water
5 layers1 Troposphere ndash where weather happens ndash at Earthrsquos surface
Temperature decreases as you go away from Earth2 Stratosphere ndash where airplanes fly ndash ozone layer found here
Temperature increases as you go away from Earth3 Mesosphere ndash meteoroids burn up here
Temperature decreases as you go away from Earth4 Thermosphere ndash Mir (was here) and the international space station are found here Auroras occur hereTemperature increases as you go away from Earth Reaches up to 1000 degrees Celsius5 Exosphere ndash most satellites are found here
Temperature decreases as you go away from EarthThis layer blends into outer space
TEMPERATURE ON EARTH The sun does not heat all areas of the
earth equallyTwo factors greatly influence how much solar radiation the earthrsquos surface receives
1) the angle of incidence the angle at which sunrsquos rays strike the earth
2) the number of hours of daylight which is affected seasonally by the tilt of the earth
What causes the seasons Quiz
1 The longest day of the year for us (in the northern hemisphere) occurs ona) July 4b) June 21c) September 22d) December 21e) April 14 (before taxes are due)
Answer 1 (b) The longest day in the northern hemisphere is June 21st the summer solstice
Seasons quiz continued2 The hottest month(s) of the year for us in the northern hemisphere are
usuallya) June-Julyb) July-Augustc) August-Septemberd) December-Januarye) Whenever your cars air conditioning breaks
Answer 2 (b) The hottest months are usually July and August after the oceans have warmed up Note that the days are longer in June and July but the Northern Hemisphere and its oceans are still chilled from winter and spring Also note that local temperature variations may make some areas warmer in August and September (Indian Summer)
Seasons quiz continued3 Planet Earth is closest to the Sun during the month of
a) Juneb) Januaryc) Augustd) Julye) Hah You cant fool me We are always the same distance
January 4 (91402237 miles) July 4 (94502778 miles) January 12 (91417000 miles) July 12 (94496000 miles) February 11 (91729000 miles) August 17 (94119000 miles) March 26 (92712000 miles) September 14 (93516000 miles) April 10 (93198000 miles) October 15 (92705000 miles) May 23 (94108000 miles) November 16 (91673000 miles) June 15 (94415000 miles) December 15 (91496000 miles)
Answer 3 (b) The Earth is actually closest to the Sun in JANUARY Check the chart of distances if you dont believe me
Seasons quiz continued
4 Seasons in the southern hemisphere are
a) Much more severe (hotter in summer colder in winter)b) Much milderc) Exactly the same times and duration as oursd) Opposite of those in the northern hemisphere
Answer 4 (d) The Southern Hemisphere has summer in December - February and winter in June - August exactly opposite to us in the Northern Hemisphere And when it is spring in the northern hemisphere it is autumn in the southern And when it is autumn in the northern hemisphere it is spring in the southern
Seasons quiz continued5 Summer for us in the northern hemisphere occurs because
a) The Earth is closest to the Sun during this seasonb) The Earth is tilted so that the Northern Hemisphere is closer to the Sun than the Southern Hemispherec) The Earth is tilted so that the Sun stays up higher in the sky exposing the Earth to more direct sunlight for longer periods of timed) There are fewer clouds and more sunny days
Answer 5 (c) Seasons result from the Earths tilt of 235deg which means that each hemisphere will alternately be tilted towards the Sun exposing the ground to more direct sunlight for longer periods Just because the planet is tilted with the northern hemisphere tilted toward the Sun does NOT mean that the northern hemisphere is appreciably closer to the Sun Recall that in July the entire planet is much farther from the Sun than it is in January
bull Show video youtubecom What causes the Earthrsquos seasons Ignite learning Has super excited narrator
bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=3eFqZWX8nTo
bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=WLRA87TKXLM 6 minutes
bull Difference between seasons Northern and Southern hemisphere photo
bull httpwwwwindowsucaredutourlink=the_universeutsseasons3html
bull httpwwwbrainpopcomscienceweatherseasons short video with diagram
What causes the seasonsbull Fact The Earths orbit is in the shape of an ellipse so that sometimes the Earth is a little bit closer
to the Sun than at other times bull Question Is this the cause of the seasons bull Answer NObull Question Why doesnrsquot this make sense Consider this imagine that if the seasons were caused by
the Earths orbit how would the seasons in the northern hemisphere compare to seasons in the southern hemisphere
bull Answer Earth close entire earth northern and southern hemisphere summer hotbull Earth Far entire earth northern and southern hemisphere winter cold bull Question Is this true on Earth Is the entire planet hot at the same time and cold at the same
time bull Answer No This is not the case
bull Questions How do the seasons really compare between the northern and southern hemisphere bull Answer Summer in the northern hemisphere occurs at the same time as winter in the south and
vice-versa It turns out that the Earths orbit is nearly perfectly circular and the difference between its closest point and its furthest point is very small In fact the Earth is furthest away from the Sun in June when it is summer in the northern hemisphere
httpwwwwindowsucaredutourlink=the_universeutsseasons2html
Website to explain seasons httpwwwwindowsucaredutourlink=the_universeutsseasons1htmlampedu=midampback=searchsearch_navigationhtml
What causes the seasons Continued
bull The Earth has seasons because it rotates on an axis that is tilted in its orbit That 235 degree tilt causes the different hemispheres to be at different angles to the sun at different times of the year
bull Because of the angle during winter the energy from the sun must travel through more atmosphere to reach the poles also a given amount of the sunrsquos energy is spread over a larger area
Climate zones are areas with distinct climates
The solar radiation reaches the ground on different parts of the Earth with different angles On the equator the sunlight reaches the ground almost perpendicularly whilst at the poles the angle of the Sun is lower or even under the horizon during the polar night
httpcontentmeteobluecomenmeteoscoolgeneral-climate-zones
There are 4 major climate zonesbullTropical zone from 0degndash235deg(between the tropics)
bull In the regions between the equator and the tropics (equatorial region) the solar radiation reaches the ground nearly vertically at noontime during almost the entire year Thereby it is very warm in these regions Through high temperatures more water evaporates and the air is often moist The resulting frequent and dense cloud cover reduces the effect of solar radiation on ground temperature
bullSubtropics from 235degndash40degbull The subtropics receive the highest radiation in summer since the Suns angle at noon is almost vertical to the
Earth whilst the cloud cover is relatively thin These regions receive less moisture (seetrade winds) what increases the effect of radiation Therefore most of the deserts in the world are situated in this zone In winter the radiation in these regions decreases significantly and it can temporarily be very cool and moist
bullTemperate zone from 40degndash60degbull In the temperate zone the solar radiation arrives with a smaller angle and the average temperatures here are
much cooler than in the subtropics The seasons and daylength differ significantly in the course of a year The climate is characterised by less frequent extremes a more regular distribution of the precipitation over the year and a longer vegetation period - therefore the name temperate
bullCold zone from 60degndash90degbull The polar areas between 60deg latitude and the poles receive less heat through solar radiation since the Sun
has a very flat angle toward the ground Because of the changes of the Earth axis angle to the Sun the daylength varies most in this zone In the summer polar days occur Vegetation is only possible during a few months per year and even then is often sparse The conditions for life in these regions are very hard
The characteristics of the climate zones change with great altitude differences within a small area like in mountain areas since temperatures decrease rapidly with altitude changing the climate compared to valleys
httpwwwlawrencehallofscienceorgpasspassv12PASSv12SolarMotionDemopdf
Background Questions
1 What does the metal brad represent 2 What does the black dot in the
middle of the compass rose represent
3 What is the latitude for Rhode Island 4 What is the latitude at the North
Pole 5 What is the latitude at the equator
417 deg N 715 deg WRhode Island Coordinates
Solar Demonstrator Activity
How to use solar demonstrator httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=ovC-HNH4Rr0
Using the solar demonstratorbull Test 1
1 Place the wheel at Rhode Islands Latitude Place the metal brad at the summer solstice and observe the path of the sun as it move from east to west across the sky
2 Move to the winter solstice and repeat3 QUESTION TEST 1 Describe the difference in the sunrsquos motion in the summer
versus the winter as seen from Rhode Island bull Test 2
1 Repeat but set the latitude near the equator2 QUESTION TEST 2 Describe the difference in the sunrsquos motion in the summer
versus the winter as seen from the equatorbull Test 3
1 Repeat but set the latitude near the north pole2 QUESTION TEST 3 Describe the difference in the sunrsquos motion in the summer
versus the winter as seen from the north pole
Final Question Describe how the solar demonstrators proves that the solar radiation differs between the equatorial regions temperate regions and polar regions
Is there a difference between GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE
and GLOBAL WARMING
NO they mean the same thing
The two terms refer to the same issue
The average global temperature is on the rise
Weather Vs Climate
bull Climate is what we expect weather is what we get ndash Mark Twain
bull Today helliphellipWEATHER is the temperature wind pressure precipitation at a given time in a given place
bull Over many years CLIMATE refers to the average weather conditions in a certain place
Weather
bull Climate in Rhode Island has a moist continental climate with four distinct seasons Its weather is tempered by sea winds particularly in the Seaboard Lowland which has a more moderate climate than the rest of New England The average annual temperature is about 50o F (10o C) in various parts of the state
Climate
httpwwwturnto10comweather
Why is the Earth the temperature it is bull The greenhouse effect greenhouse gases like water
vapor carbon dioxide and methane trap heat in the atmosphere keeping the Earth warm
httpwwwepagovclimatechangekidsbasicsindexhtml video 155
The Greenhouse Effect
Solar Radiation
Infrared radiation (heat)
On the diagram add the following labels Solar rays Infrared raysCarbon dioxide Heat escaping to spaceHeat bouncing off greenhouse gas to keep Earth warm
Carbon Dioxide
Heat escaping to space
Heat bouncing off greenhouse gas
2 ways human activity is adding CO2 to the atmosphere
Burning fossil fuels (coal oil natural gas)ndash This removes stored
carbon underground and releases it as gas
ndash Deforestation(killing trees faster then they can re-grow)
ndash Cutting down trees prevents them from taking CO2 out of the air
ndash Burning trees releases CO2 stored in the tree into the atmosphere
httpwwwfwccomimagesLowNoxCombustionSystems2jpg
httpblogwiredcomcarsimages20071213emissionsjpg
DEFORESTATION The importance of plants
bull Plants remove CO2 from the air in photosynthesis and store it as they grow
bull When plants and animals die some of the carbon will become fossil fuels under the surface of the earth
What will an increase in global temperature averages do MORE EXTREME WATER CYCLE
bull Coastal areas will have increased precipitation (rain snow)ndash More runoff ndash Increase in flooding
bull Areas away from the coast will have decreased precipitation ndash soils dry out ndash Droughtndash Less water in lakes and rivers
Drier conditions in the Central US
Who cares if it gets drier in the central US
Farming
bull Where is there more farming ndash A Exeter Rhode Island (home of Schartner Farms)
ndash B Colby Kansasndash See the Satellite Images of each ndash httpmapsgooglecommapshl=enamptab=wlampq=
exeter2C20Rhode20Islandndash httpmapsgooglecommaps
hl=enamptab=wlampq=exeter2C20Rhode20Island
bull Plantsbull Animalsbull Humans
A More Extreme Water Cycle will effect
What will the increase in temperature cause
bull Increased drought in some placesndash This could affect food supply
bull Increased flooding in some placesndash The highest human populations are along the coast
bull Populations of plants and animals may not be able to survive a change in their habitat they may become extinct ndash This may affect other organisms in the food webndash Entire ecosystems could change
Effecting the Oceansbull Changing Climate Means Changing Oceans
httpwwwnprorg20110121133117332changing-climate-means-changing-oceans Science Friday Jan 2011
bull Ocean water is becoming more acidic ndash httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=lIBTuJqPHIkampfeature=player_detailpage you tube ocean acidification NBC 321ndash A change of pH causes shelled organisms to be less able to produce shell this will change food webs ndash httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=Wo-bHt1bOsw chemistry of ocean acidication 3 minutes
bull ocean circulation patterns changingbull fisheries corals plankton shellfish changing bull Sea level is rising because 1) polar ice and
glaciers are melting and 2) the water itself is expanding as it warms up
What can you do to reduce greenhouse gases
Use less coal oil and natural gas for energy bull Turn off the lights when you leave a room bull Turn off your computer and other electronic devices when
youre not using them bull Drive less Instead walk ride your bike or use public
transportation if you can bull Use less water bull Create less waste bull Recycle used paper cans bottles and other materials
The temperature on Earth has changed many times throughout itrsquos history whatrsquos the big deal
bull The temperature is changing fast
bull Human activity is causing the change
Scientists can compare the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere today with the amount of carbon dioxide trapped in ancient ice cores which show that the atmosphere had less carbon dioxide in the past Source EPAs Climate Change Indicators (2010)
How do scientists know what the level of Carbon dioxide was in the distant past
One way is analyzing ICE CORESbull Video about ice cores httpserccarletonedueslabscryosphere4bhtml 231bull httpwwwnhmacuknature-onlineenvironmental-changemeasuring-climate-changeice-cor
es ice core scientists shows how to drill ice 221
Bubbles in ice recovered by drilling from deep within the Greenland Ice Sheet These bubbles are samples of pastatmospheres
Ancient ice contains climate information1) Bubbles trap the atmosphere
when that layer of ice was formed
2) Thickness of the layers can be seen indicating each year of ice formation
Figure 67 A Greenland ice core
EA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of Global Warmingand Our Energy Future Columbia University Press Source NOAA
Figure 83 The shrinking extent of old thick sea ice in the Arctic September 1988-September 2005 The area of old thick ice has been rapidly shrinking as the resultof prolonged melting and flow of ice out of the Arctic through the Fram Strait OW =open water The palegreen line encloses theregion of 90 iceconcentration
Ice free Arctic in summer soon
httpearthobservatorynasagovFeaturesLarsenIceShelf
Scientists had been observing theLarsen B for several years assumingthat it would eventually retreat But theywere stunned to see the ice shelfdisintegrate in a mere 35 days BetweenJanuary 31 and March 7 2002 the iceshelf lost 3250 square kilometers(about 1255 square miles) 1048754 an areasomewhat larger than Rhode Island 1048754sending a plume of icebergs into theWeddell Sea
Figure 101 The fuels used to produce all energy worldwide 2005Total global consumption of fuels in 2005 amounted to 488 exajoules(1018 joules) 87 of which was generated by fossil fuelsEA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of Global Warming and Our EnergyFuture Columbia University Press Data from Energy Information Agency DOE105
Figure 108 Renewable sources of power as proportions of total USelectric net summer capacity 2006The number in () are gigawatts of electrical capacity with correspondingpercentages of total capacity Biomass includes wood and derived fuels landfillgas municipal solid waste and agricultural by-products
Figure 109 Wind farmThe Maple Ridge WindFarm on the Tug HillPlateau in NY
EA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of GlobalWarming and Our Energy Future Columbia University PressSource National Renewable Energy Laboratory DOE
Overview of climate change epa
bull httpwwwepagovclimatechangekidsindexhtml ldquoclimate change basicsrdquo
Movement of air around earth
The movement of heat is called heat transfer Describe the heat transfer between a contain of hot water and air bull Hot water transfers heat energy to air
causing the air temperature to increaseDescribe the heat transfer between a container of ice and air bull Air transfers heat energy to ice causing
the air temperature to decrease
How does air above a hot surface move bull It will rise because hot air will
become less dense then the air around it Causing low air pressure
How does air above a cold surface move bull It will sink because it will be more
dense then air around it Causing high air pressure
a) What happens when air of the same temperature and humidity collide bull The air did not move much because the
air has similar densitiesB) What happens with air with different temperature and humidity collide bull The air in the cold tube sank the air in
the hot tube rose forming moving circulating air
C) Under what conditions do winds and rotating storms form bull Winds and storms form when air of
different temperature and therefore density meet
Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air Then in the space below explain why the air moves like this
When high pressure air meets low pressure air it forms windsThe air in the
cold tube became more dense forming high air pressure and sank
The air in the hot tube became less dense forming low air pressure and rose forming moving circulating air
Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air
The air in the cold tube became _More_dense forming __High___ air pressure and moved __Down_______
The air in the hot tube became _Less___dense forming _Low____ air pressure and it moved __up_______
Draw smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air
Question Would you expect wind to be formed in the air of set up A or B Why Wind will be formed in Set up A because two air masses of different temperatureor pressure are meeting
Set up ldquoArdquo Set up ldquoBrdquo
Convection Tube Quiz name _______________________
LAND and WATER Heat and Cool at different ratesAnalyze the following incomplete graph
Where do the following labels belong soil water time temperature time when heat turned off
Question 1) define convection movement of heat through air or water Warm air rises it expands and cools Cold air moves in to replace the rising warm air The cool air will then be heated and rise too 2) When is the land warming up faster than water During the dayWhat is warm airs density _low density______
3) Describe how the color of the ground can cause local winds Dark soils heat faster then light colored soil green fields forests Air above dark colored ground will rise to be replaced by cool air from the forests or fields
4) If the earth didnrsquot rotate describe what the global wind patterns would be like The earth would have 2 giant convection currents From the cold north and south poles the air would become dense and sink moving toward the equator then heat and rising moving back to the pole 5) Since the earth does rotate causing the Coriolis Effect how many different patterns of wind convection currents are there in the northern hemisphere 3 What are they called The easterlies move from the east to the west The westerlies move from the west to the east The trade winds move from the east to the west 6) What happens where the Westerlies meet the Easterlies in North America Weather changes are common where the two air masses meet
7) Draw the earth with arrows showing the predominant winds and label their names
bull During the day the land heats faster then the water becoming warmer then the water
bull The hot air above land become less dense and rises
bull The cool air above the water will become more dense and sink
bull This pattern causes cool air from the water over to blow over the land
bull At night the land cools faster then the water the land will become colder then the water
bull This cold air above land will become more dense and sink
bull The hot air above the water will become less dense and rise
bull This pattern causes cool air from the land to blow over the water 6 minute lecture convection current sea breeze and land breeze
httpwwwbingcomvideossearchq=land+breeze+sea+breeze+videoampFORM=VIRE11view=detailampmid=D95C8834DFF47CEDDE95D95C8834DFF47CEDDE95
2 minute video high pressure low pressurehttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=ZQV72Yzmjyc
bull Warm air with low density will rise creating an area of low air pressure
bull Cold air with high density will sink creating an area of high air pressure
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- What causes the seasons Quiz
- Seasons quiz continued
- Seasons quiz continued (2)
- Seasons quiz continued (3)
- Seasons quiz continued (4)
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- What causes the seasons
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- What causes the seasons Continued
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Using the solar demonstrator
- Is there a difference between GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE and GLOBA
- Weather Vs Climate
- Weather
- Why is the Earth the temperature it is
- The Greenhouse Effect
- 2 ways human activity is adding CO2 to the atmosphere
- DEFORESTATION The importance of plants
- What will an increase in global temperature averages do MORE
- Drier conditions in the Central US
- Farming
- A More Extreme Water Cycle will effect
- What will the increase in temperature cause
- Effecting the Oceans
- What can you do to reduce greenhouse gases
- The temperature on Earth has changed many times throughout itrsquos
- How do scientists know what the level of Carbon dioxide was in
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Overview of climate change epa
- Movement of air around earth
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to (2)
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-
httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=1YAOT92wuD8 Reveal Earthrsquos Atmosphere 5 minute video
httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=AU0eNa4GrgUt=931 The Antarctic Ozone Hole -- From Discovery to Recovery a Scientific Journey 16 min
AtmosphereCompositionGases78 nitrogen21 oxygen1 Trace gases argon 093 neon krypton ozone carbon dioxide 003
helium xenon water vapor 0ndash40 methane hydrogenSolids and liquidsDust salt ice and water
5 layers1 Troposphere ndash where weather happens ndash at Earthrsquos surface
Temperature decreases as you go away from Earth2 Stratosphere ndash where airplanes fly ndash ozone layer found here
Temperature increases as you go away from Earth3 Mesosphere ndash meteoroids burn up here
Temperature decreases as you go away from Earth4 Thermosphere ndash Mir (was here) and the international space station are found here Auroras occur hereTemperature increases as you go away from Earth Reaches up to 1000 degrees Celsius5 Exosphere ndash most satellites are found here
Temperature decreases as you go away from EarthThis layer blends into outer space
TEMPERATURE ON EARTH The sun does not heat all areas of the
earth equallyTwo factors greatly influence how much solar radiation the earthrsquos surface receives
1) the angle of incidence the angle at which sunrsquos rays strike the earth
2) the number of hours of daylight which is affected seasonally by the tilt of the earth
What causes the seasons Quiz
1 The longest day of the year for us (in the northern hemisphere) occurs ona) July 4b) June 21c) September 22d) December 21e) April 14 (before taxes are due)
Answer 1 (b) The longest day in the northern hemisphere is June 21st the summer solstice
Seasons quiz continued2 The hottest month(s) of the year for us in the northern hemisphere are
usuallya) June-Julyb) July-Augustc) August-Septemberd) December-Januarye) Whenever your cars air conditioning breaks
Answer 2 (b) The hottest months are usually July and August after the oceans have warmed up Note that the days are longer in June and July but the Northern Hemisphere and its oceans are still chilled from winter and spring Also note that local temperature variations may make some areas warmer in August and September (Indian Summer)
Seasons quiz continued3 Planet Earth is closest to the Sun during the month of
a) Juneb) Januaryc) Augustd) Julye) Hah You cant fool me We are always the same distance
January 4 (91402237 miles) July 4 (94502778 miles) January 12 (91417000 miles) July 12 (94496000 miles) February 11 (91729000 miles) August 17 (94119000 miles) March 26 (92712000 miles) September 14 (93516000 miles) April 10 (93198000 miles) October 15 (92705000 miles) May 23 (94108000 miles) November 16 (91673000 miles) June 15 (94415000 miles) December 15 (91496000 miles)
Answer 3 (b) The Earth is actually closest to the Sun in JANUARY Check the chart of distances if you dont believe me
Seasons quiz continued
4 Seasons in the southern hemisphere are
a) Much more severe (hotter in summer colder in winter)b) Much milderc) Exactly the same times and duration as oursd) Opposite of those in the northern hemisphere
Answer 4 (d) The Southern Hemisphere has summer in December - February and winter in June - August exactly opposite to us in the Northern Hemisphere And when it is spring in the northern hemisphere it is autumn in the southern And when it is autumn in the northern hemisphere it is spring in the southern
Seasons quiz continued5 Summer for us in the northern hemisphere occurs because
a) The Earth is closest to the Sun during this seasonb) The Earth is tilted so that the Northern Hemisphere is closer to the Sun than the Southern Hemispherec) The Earth is tilted so that the Sun stays up higher in the sky exposing the Earth to more direct sunlight for longer periods of timed) There are fewer clouds and more sunny days
Answer 5 (c) Seasons result from the Earths tilt of 235deg which means that each hemisphere will alternately be tilted towards the Sun exposing the ground to more direct sunlight for longer periods Just because the planet is tilted with the northern hemisphere tilted toward the Sun does NOT mean that the northern hemisphere is appreciably closer to the Sun Recall that in July the entire planet is much farther from the Sun than it is in January
bull Show video youtubecom What causes the Earthrsquos seasons Ignite learning Has super excited narrator
bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=3eFqZWX8nTo
bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=WLRA87TKXLM 6 minutes
bull Difference between seasons Northern and Southern hemisphere photo
bull httpwwwwindowsucaredutourlink=the_universeutsseasons3html
bull httpwwwbrainpopcomscienceweatherseasons short video with diagram
What causes the seasonsbull Fact The Earths orbit is in the shape of an ellipse so that sometimes the Earth is a little bit closer
to the Sun than at other times bull Question Is this the cause of the seasons bull Answer NObull Question Why doesnrsquot this make sense Consider this imagine that if the seasons were caused by
the Earths orbit how would the seasons in the northern hemisphere compare to seasons in the southern hemisphere
bull Answer Earth close entire earth northern and southern hemisphere summer hotbull Earth Far entire earth northern and southern hemisphere winter cold bull Question Is this true on Earth Is the entire planet hot at the same time and cold at the same
time bull Answer No This is not the case
bull Questions How do the seasons really compare between the northern and southern hemisphere bull Answer Summer in the northern hemisphere occurs at the same time as winter in the south and
vice-versa It turns out that the Earths orbit is nearly perfectly circular and the difference between its closest point and its furthest point is very small In fact the Earth is furthest away from the Sun in June when it is summer in the northern hemisphere
httpwwwwindowsucaredutourlink=the_universeutsseasons2html
Website to explain seasons httpwwwwindowsucaredutourlink=the_universeutsseasons1htmlampedu=midampback=searchsearch_navigationhtml
What causes the seasons Continued
bull The Earth has seasons because it rotates on an axis that is tilted in its orbit That 235 degree tilt causes the different hemispheres to be at different angles to the sun at different times of the year
bull Because of the angle during winter the energy from the sun must travel through more atmosphere to reach the poles also a given amount of the sunrsquos energy is spread over a larger area
Climate zones are areas with distinct climates
The solar radiation reaches the ground on different parts of the Earth with different angles On the equator the sunlight reaches the ground almost perpendicularly whilst at the poles the angle of the Sun is lower or even under the horizon during the polar night
httpcontentmeteobluecomenmeteoscoolgeneral-climate-zones
There are 4 major climate zonesbullTropical zone from 0degndash235deg(between the tropics)
bull In the regions between the equator and the tropics (equatorial region) the solar radiation reaches the ground nearly vertically at noontime during almost the entire year Thereby it is very warm in these regions Through high temperatures more water evaporates and the air is often moist The resulting frequent and dense cloud cover reduces the effect of solar radiation on ground temperature
bullSubtropics from 235degndash40degbull The subtropics receive the highest radiation in summer since the Suns angle at noon is almost vertical to the
Earth whilst the cloud cover is relatively thin These regions receive less moisture (seetrade winds) what increases the effect of radiation Therefore most of the deserts in the world are situated in this zone In winter the radiation in these regions decreases significantly and it can temporarily be very cool and moist
bullTemperate zone from 40degndash60degbull In the temperate zone the solar radiation arrives with a smaller angle and the average temperatures here are
much cooler than in the subtropics The seasons and daylength differ significantly in the course of a year The climate is characterised by less frequent extremes a more regular distribution of the precipitation over the year and a longer vegetation period - therefore the name temperate
bullCold zone from 60degndash90degbull The polar areas between 60deg latitude and the poles receive less heat through solar radiation since the Sun
has a very flat angle toward the ground Because of the changes of the Earth axis angle to the Sun the daylength varies most in this zone In the summer polar days occur Vegetation is only possible during a few months per year and even then is often sparse The conditions for life in these regions are very hard
The characteristics of the climate zones change with great altitude differences within a small area like in mountain areas since temperatures decrease rapidly with altitude changing the climate compared to valleys
httpwwwlawrencehallofscienceorgpasspassv12PASSv12SolarMotionDemopdf
Background Questions
1 What does the metal brad represent 2 What does the black dot in the
middle of the compass rose represent
3 What is the latitude for Rhode Island 4 What is the latitude at the North
Pole 5 What is the latitude at the equator
417 deg N 715 deg WRhode Island Coordinates
Solar Demonstrator Activity
How to use solar demonstrator httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=ovC-HNH4Rr0
Using the solar demonstratorbull Test 1
1 Place the wheel at Rhode Islands Latitude Place the metal brad at the summer solstice and observe the path of the sun as it move from east to west across the sky
2 Move to the winter solstice and repeat3 QUESTION TEST 1 Describe the difference in the sunrsquos motion in the summer
versus the winter as seen from Rhode Island bull Test 2
1 Repeat but set the latitude near the equator2 QUESTION TEST 2 Describe the difference in the sunrsquos motion in the summer
versus the winter as seen from the equatorbull Test 3
1 Repeat but set the latitude near the north pole2 QUESTION TEST 3 Describe the difference in the sunrsquos motion in the summer
versus the winter as seen from the north pole
Final Question Describe how the solar demonstrators proves that the solar radiation differs between the equatorial regions temperate regions and polar regions
Is there a difference between GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE
and GLOBAL WARMING
NO they mean the same thing
The two terms refer to the same issue
The average global temperature is on the rise
Weather Vs Climate
bull Climate is what we expect weather is what we get ndash Mark Twain
bull Today helliphellipWEATHER is the temperature wind pressure precipitation at a given time in a given place
bull Over many years CLIMATE refers to the average weather conditions in a certain place
Weather
bull Climate in Rhode Island has a moist continental climate with four distinct seasons Its weather is tempered by sea winds particularly in the Seaboard Lowland which has a more moderate climate than the rest of New England The average annual temperature is about 50o F (10o C) in various parts of the state
Climate
httpwwwturnto10comweather
Why is the Earth the temperature it is bull The greenhouse effect greenhouse gases like water
vapor carbon dioxide and methane trap heat in the atmosphere keeping the Earth warm
httpwwwepagovclimatechangekidsbasicsindexhtml video 155
The Greenhouse Effect
Solar Radiation
Infrared radiation (heat)
On the diagram add the following labels Solar rays Infrared raysCarbon dioxide Heat escaping to spaceHeat bouncing off greenhouse gas to keep Earth warm
Carbon Dioxide
Heat escaping to space
Heat bouncing off greenhouse gas
2 ways human activity is adding CO2 to the atmosphere
Burning fossil fuels (coal oil natural gas)ndash This removes stored
carbon underground and releases it as gas
ndash Deforestation(killing trees faster then they can re-grow)
ndash Cutting down trees prevents them from taking CO2 out of the air
ndash Burning trees releases CO2 stored in the tree into the atmosphere
httpwwwfwccomimagesLowNoxCombustionSystems2jpg
httpblogwiredcomcarsimages20071213emissionsjpg
DEFORESTATION The importance of plants
bull Plants remove CO2 from the air in photosynthesis and store it as they grow
bull When plants and animals die some of the carbon will become fossil fuels under the surface of the earth
What will an increase in global temperature averages do MORE EXTREME WATER CYCLE
bull Coastal areas will have increased precipitation (rain snow)ndash More runoff ndash Increase in flooding
bull Areas away from the coast will have decreased precipitation ndash soils dry out ndash Droughtndash Less water in lakes and rivers
Drier conditions in the Central US
Who cares if it gets drier in the central US
Farming
bull Where is there more farming ndash A Exeter Rhode Island (home of Schartner Farms)
ndash B Colby Kansasndash See the Satellite Images of each ndash httpmapsgooglecommapshl=enamptab=wlampq=
exeter2C20Rhode20Islandndash httpmapsgooglecommaps
hl=enamptab=wlampq=exeter2C20Rhode20Island
bull Plantsbull Animalsbull Humans
A More Extreme Water Cycle will effect
What will the increase in temperature cause
bull Increased drought in some placesndash This could affect food supply
bull Increased flooding in some placesndash The highest human populations are along the coast
bull Populations of plants and animals may not be able to survive a change in their habitat they may become extinct ndash This may affect other organisms in the food webndash Entire ecosystems could change
Effecting the Oceansbull Changing Climate Means Changing Oceans
httpwwwnprorg20110121133117332changing-climate-means-changing-oceans Science Friday Jan 2011
bull Ocean water is becoming more acidic ndash httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=lIBTuJqPHIkampfeature=player_detailpage you tube ocean acidification NBC 321ndash A change of pH causes shelled organisms to be less able to produce shell this will change food webs ndash httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=Wo-bHt1bOsw chemistry of ocean acidication 3 minutes
bull ocean circulation patterns changingbull fisheries corals plankton shellfish changing bull Sea level is rising because 1) polar ice and
glaciers are melting and 2) the water itself is expanding as it warms up
What can you do to reduce greenhouse gases
Use less coal oil and natural gas for energy bull Turn off the lights when you leave a room bull Turn off your computer and other electronic devices when
youre not using them bull Drive less Instead walk ride your bike or use public
transportation if you can bull Use less water bull Create less waste bull Recycle used paper cans bottles and other materials
The temperature on Earth has changed many times throughout itrsquos history whatrsquos the big deal
bull The temperature is changing fast
bull Human activity is causing the change
Scientists can compare the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere today with the amount of carbon dioxide trapped in ancient ice cores which show that the atmosphere had less carbon dioxide in the past Source EPAs Climate Change Indicators (2010)
How do scientists know what the level of Carbon dioxide was in the distant past
One way is analyzing ICE CORESbull Video about ice cores httpserccarletonedueslabscryosphere4bhtml 231bull httpwwwnhmacuknature-onlineenvironmental-changemeasuring-climate-changeice-cor
es ice core scientists shows how to drill ice 221
Bubbles in ice recovered by drilling from deep within the Greenland Ice Sheet These bubbles are samples of pastatmospheres
Ancient ice contains climate information1) Bubbles trap the atmosphere
when that layer of ice was formed
2) Thickness of the layers can be seen indicating each year of ice formation
Figure 67 A Greenland ice core
EA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of Global Warmingand Our Energy Future Columbia University Press Source NOAA
Figure 83 The shrinking extent of old thick sea ice in the Arctic September 1988-September 2005 The area of old thick ice has been rapidly shrinking as the resultof prolonged melting and flow of ice out of the Arctic through the Fram Strait OW =open water The palegreen line encloses theregion of 90 iceconcentration
Ice free Arctic in summer soon
httpearthobservatorynasagovFeaturesLarsenIceShelf
Scientists had been observing theLarsen B for several years assumingthat it would eventually retreat But theywere stunned to see the ice shelfdisintegrate in a mere 35 days BetweenJanuary 31 and March 7 2002 the iceshelf lost 3250 square kilometers(about 1255 square miles) 1048754 an areasomewhat larger than Rhode Island 1048754sending a plume of icebergs into theWeddell Sea
Figure 101 The fuels used to produce all energy worldwide 2005Total global consumption of fuels in 2005 amounted to 488 exajoules(1018 joules) 87 of which was generated by fossil fuelsEA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of Global Warming and Our EnergyFuture Columbia University Press Data from Energy Information Agency DOE105
Figure 108 Renewable sources of power as proportions of total USelectric net summer capacity 2006The number in () are gigawatts of electrical capacity with correspondingpercentages of total capacity Biomass includes wood and derived fuels landfillgas municipal solid waste and agricultural by-products
Figure 109 Wind farmThe Maple Ridge WindFarm on the Tug HillPlateau in NY
EA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of GlobalWarming and Our Energy Future Columbia University PressSource National Renewable Energy Laboratory DOE
Overview of climate change epa
bull httpwwwepagovclimatechangekidsindexhtml ldquoclimate change basicsrdquo
Movement of air around earth
The movement of heat is called heat transfer Describe the heat transfer between a contain of hot water and air bull Hot water transfers heat energy to air
causing the air temperature to increaseDescribe the heat transfer between a container of ice and air bull Air transfers heat energy to ice causing
the air temperature to decrease
How does air above a hot surface move bull It will rise because hot air will
become less dense then the air around it Causing low air pressure
How does air above a cold surface move bull It will sink because it will be more
dense then air around it Causing high air pressure
a) What happens when air of the same temperature and humidity collide bull The air did not move much because the
air has similar densitiesB) What happens with air with different temperature and humidity collide bull The air in the cold tube sank the air in
the hot tube rose forming moving circulating air
C) Under what conditions do winds and rotating storms form bull Winds and storms form when air of
different temperature and therefore density meet
Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air Then in the space below explain why the air moves like this
When high pressure air meets low pressure air it forms windsThe air in the
cold tube became more dense forming high air pressure and sank
The air in the hot tube became less dense forming low air pressure and rose forming moving circulating air
Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air
The air in the cold tube became _More_dense forming __High___ air pressure and moved __Down_______
The air in the hot tube became _Less___dense forming _Low____ air pressure and it moved __up_______
Draw smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air
Question Would you expect wind to be formed in the air of set up A or B Why Wind will be formed in Set up A because two air masses of different temperatureor pressure are meeting
Set up ldquoArdquo Set up ldquoBrdquo
Convection Tube Quiz name _______________________
LAND and WATER Heat and Cool at different ratesAnalyze the following incomplete graph
Where do the following labels belong soil water time temperature time when heat turned off
Question 1) define convection movement of heat through air or water Warm air rises it expands and cools Cold air moves in to replace the rising warm air The cool air will then be heated and rise too 2) When is the land warming up faster than water During the dayWhat is warm airs density _low density______
3) Describe how the color of the ground can cause local winds Dark soils heat faster then light colored soil green fields forests Air above dark colored ground will rise to be replaced by cool air from the forests or fields
4) If the earth didnrsquot rotate describe what the global wind patterns would be like The earth would have 2 giant convection currents From the cold north and south poles the air would become dense and sink moving toward the equator then heat and rising moving back to the pole 5) Since the earth does rotate causing the Coriolis Effect how many different patterns of wind convection currents are there in the northern hemisphere 3 What are they called The easterlies move from the east to the west The westerlies move from the west to the east The trade winds move from the east to the west 6) What happens where the Westerlies meet the Easterlies in North America Weather changes are common where the two air masses meet
7) Draw the earth with arrows showing the predominant winds and label their names
bull During the day the land heats faster then the water becoming warmer then the water
bull The hot air above land become less dense and rises
bull The cool air above the water will become more dense and sink
bull This pattern causes cool air from the water over to blow over the land
bull At night the land cools faster then the water the land will become colder then the water
bull This cold air above land will become more dense and sink
bull The hot air above the water will become less dense and rise
bull This pattern causes cool air from the land to blow over the water 6 minute lecture convection current sea breeze and land breeze
httpwwwbingcomvideossearchq=land+breeze+sea+breeze+videoampFORM=VIRE11view=detailampmid=D95C8834DFF47CEDDE95D95C8834DFF47CEDDE95
2 minute video high pressure low pressurehttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=ZQV72Yzmjyc
bull Warm air with low density will rise creating an area of low air pressure
bull Cold air with high density will sink creating an area of high air pressure
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- What causes the seasons Quiz
- Seasons quiz continued
- Seasons quiz continued (2)
- Seasons quiz continued (3)
- Seasons quiz continued (4)
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- What causes the seasons
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- What causes the seasons Continued
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Using the solar demonstrator
- Is there a difference between GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE and GLOBA
- Weather Vs Climate
- Weather
- Why is the Earth the temperature it is
- The Greenhouse Effect
- 2 ways human activity is adding CO2 to the atmosphere
- DEFORESTATION The importance of plants
- What will an increase in global temperature averages do MORE
- Drier conditions in the Central US
- Farming
- A More Extreme Water Cycle will effect
- What will the increase in temperature cause
- Effecting the Oceans
- What can you do to reduce greenhouse gases
- The temperature on Earth has changed many times throughout itrsquos
- How do scientists know what the level of Carbon dioxide was in
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Overview of climate change epa
- Movement of air around earth
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to (2)
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-
httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=AU0eNa4GrgUt=931 The Antarctic Ozone Hole -- From Discovery to Recovery a Scientific Journey 16 min
AtmosphereCompositionGases78 nitrogen21 oxygen1 Trace gases argon 093 neon krypton ozone carbon dioxide 003
helium xenon water vapor 0ndash40 methane hydrogenSolids and liquidsDust salt ice and water
5 layers1 Troposphere ndash where weather happens ndash at Earthrsquos surface
Temperature decreases as you go away from Earth2 Stratosphere ndash where airplanes fly ndash ozone layer found here
Temperature increases as you go away from Earth3 Mesosphere ndash meteoroids burn up here
Temperature decreases as you go away from Earth4 Thermosphere ndash Mir (was here) and the international space station are found here Auroras occur hereTemperature increases as you go away from Earth Reaches up to 1000 degrees Celsius5 Exosphere ndash most satellites are found here
Temperature decreases as you go away from EarthThis layer blends into outer space
TEMPERATURE ON EARTH The sun does not heat all areas of the
earth equallyTwo factors greatly influence how much solar radiation the earthrsquos surface receives
1) the angle of incidence the angle at which sunrsquos rays strike the earth
2) the number of hours of daylight which is affected seasonally by the tilt of the earth
What causes the seasons Quiz
1 The longest day of the year for us (in the northern hemisphere) occurs ona) July 4b) June 21c) September 22d) December 21e) April 14 (before taxes are due)
Answer 1 (b) The longest day in the northern hemisphere is June 21st the summer solstice
Seasons quiz continued2 The hottest month(s) of the year for us in the northern hemisphere are
usuallya) June-Julyb) July-Augustc) August-Septemberd) December-Januarye) Whenever your cars air conditioning breaks
Answer 2 (b) The hottest months are usually July and August after the oceans have warmed up Note that the days are longer in June and July but the Northern Hemisphere and its oceans are still chilled from winter and spring Also note that local temperature variations may make some areas warmer in August and September (Indian Summer)
Seasons quiz continued3 Planet Earth is closest to the Sun during the month of
a) Juneb) Januaryc) Augustd) Julye) Hah You cant fool me We are always the same distance
January 4 (91402237 miles) July 4 (94502778 miles) January 12 (91417000 miles) July 12 (94496000 miles) February 11 (91729000 miles) August 17 (94119000 miles) March 26 (92712000 miles) September 14 (93516000 miles) April 10 (93198000 miles) October 15 (92705000 miles) May 23 (94108000 miles) November 16 (91673000 miles) June 15 (94415000 miles) December 15 (91496000 miles)
Answer 3 (b) The Earth is actually closest to the Sun in JANUARY Check the chart of distances if you dont believe me
Seasons quiz continued
4 Seasons in the southern hemisphere are
a) Much more severe (hotter in summer colder in winter)b) Much milderc) Exactly the same times and duration as oursd) Opposite of those in the northern hemisphere
Answer 4 (d) The Southern Hemisphere has summer in December - February and winter in June - August exactly opposite to us in the Northern Hemisphere And when it is spring in the northern hemisphere it is autumn in the southern And when it is autumn in the northern hemisphere it is spring in the southern
Seasons quiz continued5 Summer for us in the northern hemisphere occurs because
a) The Earth is closest to the Sun during this seasonb) The Earth is tilted so that the Northern Hemisphere is closer to the Sun than the Southern Hemispherec) The Earth is tilted so that the Sun stays up higher in the sky exposing the Earth to more direct sunlight for longer periods of timed) There are fewer clouds and more sunny days
Answer 5 (c) Seasons result from the Earths tilt of 235deg which means that each hemisphere will alternately be tilted towards the Sun exposing the ground to more direct sunlight for longer periods Just because the planet is tilted with the northern hemisphere tilted toward the Sun does NOT mean that the northern hemisphere is appreciably closer to the Sun Recall that in July the entire planet is much farther from the Sun than it is in January
bull Show video youtubecom What causes the Earthrsquos seasons Ignite learning Has super excited narrator
bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=3eFqZWX8nTo
bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=WLRA87TKXLM 6 minutes
bull Difference between seasons Northern and Southern hemisphere photo
bull httpwwwwindowsucaredutourlink=the_universeutsseasons3html
bull httpwwwbrainpopcomscienceweatherseasons short video with diagram
What causes the seasonsbull Fact The Earths orbit is in the shape of an ellipse so that sometimes the Earth is a little bit closer
to the Sun than at other times bull Question Is this the cause of the seasons bull Answer NObull Question Why doesnrsquot this make sense Consider this imagine that if the seasons were caused by
the Earths orbit how would the seasons in the northern hemisphere compare to seasons in the southern hemisphere
bull Answer Earth close entire earth northern and southern hemisphere summer hotbull Earth Far entire earth northern and southern hemisphere winter cold bull Question Is this true on Earth Is the entire planet hot at the same time and cold at the same
time bull Answer No This is not the case
bull Questions How do the seasons really compare between the northern and southern hemisphere bull Answer Summer in the northern hemisphere occurs at the same time as winter in the south and
vice-versa It turns out that the Earths orbit is nearly perfectly circular and the difference between its closest point and its furthest point is very small In fact the Earth is furthest away from the Sun in June when it is summer in the northern hemisphere
httpwwwwindowsucaredutourlink=the_universeutsseasons2html
Website to explain seasons httpwwwwindowsucaredutourlink=the_universeutsseasons1htmlampedu=midampback=searchsearch_navigationhtml
What causes the seasons Continued
bull The Earth has seasons because it rotates on an axis that is tilted in its orbit That 235 degree tilt causes the different hemispheres to be at different angles to the sun at different times of the year
bull Because of the angle during winter the energy from the sun must travel through more atmosphere to reach the poles also a given amount of the sunrsquos energy is spread over a larger area
Climate zones are areas with distinct climates
The solar radiation reaches the ground on different parts of the Earth with different angles On the equator the sunlight reaches the ground almost perpendicularly whilst at the poles the angle of the Sun is lower or even under the horizon during the polar night
httpcontentmeteobluecomenmeteoscoolgeneral-climate-zones
There are 4 major climate zonesbullTropical zone from 0degndash235deg(between the tropics)
bull In the regions between the equator and the tropics (equatorial region) the solar radiation reaches the ground nearly vertically at noontime during almost the entire year Thereby it is very warm in these regions Through high temperatures more water evaporates and the air is often moist The resulting frequent and dense cloud cover reduces the effect of solar radiation on ground temperature
bullSubtropics from 235degndash40degbull The subtropics receive the highest radiation in summer since the Suns angle at noon is almost vertical to the
Earth whilst the cloud cover is relatively thin These regions receive less moisture (seetrade winds) what increases the effect of radiation Therefore most of the deserts in the world are situated in this zone In winter the radiation in these regions decreases significantly and it can temporarily be very cool and moist
bullTemperate zone from 40degndash60degbull In the temperate zone the solar radiation arrives with a smaller angle and the average temperatures here are
much cooler than in the subtropics The seasons and daylength differ significantly in the course of a year The climate is characterised by less frequent extremes a more regular distribution of the precipitation over the year and a longer vegetation period - therefore the name temperate
bullCold zone from 60degndash90degbull The polar areas between 60deg latitude and the poles receive less heat through solar radiation since the Sun
has a very flat angle toward the ground Because of the changes of the Earth axis angle to the Sun the daylength varies most in this zone In the summer polar days occur Vegetation is only possible during a few months per year and even then is often sparse The conditions for life in these regions are very hard
The characteristics of the climate zones change with great altitude differences within a small area like in mountain areas since temperatures decrease rapidly with altitude changing the climate compared to valleys
httpwwwlawrencehallofscienceorgpasspassv12PASSv12SolarMotionDemopdf
Background Questions
1 What does the metal brad represent 2 What does the black dot in the
middle of the compass rose represent
3 What is the latitude for Rhode Island 4 What is the latitude at the North
Pole 5 What is the latitude at the equator
417 deg N 715 deg WRhode Island Coordinates
Solar Demonstrator Activity
How to use solar demonstrator httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=ovC-HNH4Rr0
Using the solar demonstratorbull Test 1
1 Place the wheel at Rhode Islands Latitude Place the metal brad at the summer solstice and observe the path of the sun as it move from east to west across the sky
2 Move to the winter solstice and repeat3 QUESTION TEST 1 Describe the difference in the sunrsquos motion in the summer
versus the winter as seen from Rhode Island bull Test 2
1 Repeat but set the latitude near the equator2 QUESTION TEST 2 Describe the difference in the sunrsquos motion in the summer
versus the winter as seen from the equatorbull Test 3
1 Repeat but set the latitude near the north pole2 QUESTION TEST 3 Describe the difference in the sunrsquos motion in the summer
versus the winter as seen from the north pole
Final Question Describe how the solar demonstrators proves that the solar radiation differs between the equatorial regions temperate regions and polar regions
Is there a difference between GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE
and GLOBAL WARMING
NO they mean the same thing
The two terms refer to the same issue
The average global temperature is on the rise
Weather Vs Climate
bull Climate is what we expect weather is what we get ndash Mark Twain
bull Today helliphellipWEATHER is the temperature wind pressure precipitation at a given time in a given place
bull Over many years CLIMATE refers to the average weather conditions in a certain place
Weather
bull Climate in Rhode Island has a moist continental climate with four distinct seasons Its weather is tempered by sea winds particularly in the Seaboard Lowland which has a more moderate climate than the rest of New England The average annual temperature is about 50o F (10o C) in various parts of the state
Climate
httpwwwturnto10comweather
Why is the Earth the temperature it is bull The greenhouse effect greenhouse gases like water
vapor carbon dioxide and methane trap heat in the atmosphere keeping the Earth warm
httpwwwepagovclimatechangekidsbasicsindexhtml video 155
The Greenhouse Effect
Solar Radiation
Infrared radiation (heat)
On the diagram add the following labels Solar rays Infrared raysCarbon dioxide Heat escaping to spaceHeat bouncing off greenhouse gas to keep Earth warm
Carbon Dioxide
Heat escaping to space
Heat bouncing off greenhouse gas
2 ways human activity is adding CO2 to the atmosphere
Burning fossil fuels (coal oil natural gas)ndash This removes stored
carbon underground and releases it as gas
ndash Deforestation(killing trees faster then they can re-grow)
ndash Cutting down trees prevents them from taking CO2 out of the air
ndash Burning trees releases CO2 stored in the tree into the atmosphere
httpwwwfwccomimagesLowNoxCombustionSystems2jpg
httpblogwiredcomcarsimages20071213emissionsjpg
DEFORESTATION The importance of plants
bull Plants remove CO2 from the air in photosynthesis and store it as they grow
bull When plants and animals die some of the carbon will become fossil fuels under the surface of the earth
What will an increase in global temperature averages do MORE EXTREME WATER CYCLE
bull Coastal areas will have increased precipitation (rain snow)ndash More runoff ndash Increase in flooding
bull Areas away from the coast will have decreased precipitation ndash soils dry out ndash Droughtndash Less water in lakes and rivers
Drier conditions in the Central US
Who cares if it gets drier in the central US
Farming
bull Where is there more farming ndash A Exeter Rhode Island (home of Schartner Farms)
ndash B Colby Kansasndash See the Satellite Images of each ndash httpmapsgooglecommapshl=enamptab=wlampq=
exeter2C20Rhode20Islandndash httpmapsgooglecommaps
hl=enamptab=wlampq=exeter2C20Rhode20Island
bull Plantsbull Animalsbull Humans
A More Extreme Water Cycle will effect
What will the increase in temperature cause
bull Increased drought in some placesndash This could affect food supply
bull Increased flooding in some placesndash The highest human populations are along the coast
bull Populations of plants and animals may not be able to survive a change in their habitat they may become extinct ndash This may affect other organisms in the food webndash Entire ecosystems could change
Effecting the Oceansbull Changing Climate Means Changing Oceans
httpwwwnprorg20110121133117332changing-climate-means-changing-oceans Science Friday Jan 2011
bull Ocean water is becoming more acidic ndash httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=lIBTuJqPHIkampfeature=player_detailpage you tube ocean acidification NBC 321ndash A change of pH causes shelled organisms to be less able to produce shell this will change food webs ndash httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=Wo-bHt1bOsw chemistry of ocean acidication 3 minutes
bull ocean circulation patterns changingbull fisheries corals plankton shellfish changing bull Sea level is rising because 1) polar ice and
glaciers are melting and 2) the water itself is expanding as it warms up
What can you do to reduce greenhouse gases
Use less coal oil and natural gas for energy bull Turn off the lights when you leave a room bull Turn off your computer and other electronic devices when
youre not using them bull Drive less Instead walk ride your bike or use public
transportation if you can bull Use less water bull Create less waste bull Recycle used paper cans bottles and other materials
The temperature on Earth has changed many times throughout itrsquos history whatrsquos the big deal
bull The temperature is changing fast
bull Human activity is causing the change
Scientists can compare the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere today with the amount of carbon dioxide trapped in ancient ice cores which show that the atmosphere had less carbon dioxide in the past Source EPAs Climate Change Indicators (2010)
How do scientists know what the level of Carbon dioxide was in the distant past
One way is analyzing ICE CORESbull Video about ice cores httpserccarletonedueslabscryosphere4bhtml 231bull httpwwwnhmacuknature-onlineenvironmental-changemeasuring-climate-changeice-cor
es ice core scientists shows how to drill ice 221
Bubbles in ice recovered by drilling from deep within the Greenland Ice Sheet These bubbles are samples of pastatmospheres
Ancient ice contains climate information1) Bubbles trap the atmosphere
when that layer of ice was formed
2) Thickness of the layers can be seen indicating each year of ice formation
Figure 67 A Greenland ice core
EA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of Global Warmingand Our Energy Future Columbia University Press Source NOAA
Figure 83 The shrinking extent of old thick sea ice in the Arctic September 1988-September 2005 The area of old thick ice has been rapidly shrinking as the resultof prolonged melting and flow of ice out of the Arctic through the Fram Strait OW =open water The palegreen line encloses theregion of 90 iceconcentration
Ice free Arctic in summer soon
httpearthobservatorynasagovFeaturesLarsenIceShelf
Scientists had been observing theLarsen B for several years assumingthat it would eventually retreat But theywere stunned to see the ice shelfdisintegrate in a mere 35 days BetweenJanuary 31 and March 7 2002 the iceshelf lost 3250 square kilometers(about 1255 square miles) 1048754 an areasomewhat larger than Rhode Island 1048754sending a plume of icebergs into theWeddell Sea
Figure 101 The fuels used to produce all energy worldwide 2005Total global consumption of fuels in 2005 amounted to 488 exajoules(1018 joules) 87 of which was generated by fossil fuelsEA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of Global Warming and Our EnergyFuture Columbia University Press Data from Energy Information Agency DOE105
Figure 108 Renewable sources of power as proportions of total USelectric net summer capacity 2006The number in () are gigawatts of electrical capacity with correspondingpercentages of total capacity Biomass includes wood and derived fuels landfillgas municipal solid waste and agricultural by-products
Figure 109 Wind farmThe Maple Ridge WindFarm on the Tug HillPlateau in NY
EA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of GlobalWarming and Our Energy Future Columbia University PressSource National Renewable Energy Laboratory DOE
Overview of climate change epa
bull httpwwwepagovclimatechangekidsindexhtml ldquoclimate change basicsrdquo
Movement of air around earth
The movement of heat is called heat transfer Describe the heat transfer between a contain of hot water and air bull Hot water transfers heat energy to air
causing the air temperature to increaseDescribe the heat transfer between a container of ice and air bull Air transfers heat energy to ice causing
the air temperature to decrease
How does air above a hot surface move bull It will rise because hot air will
become less dense then the air around it Causing low air pressure
How does air above a cold surface move bull It will sink because it will be more
dense then air around it Causing high air pressure
a) What happens when air of the same temperature and humidity collide bull The air did not move much because the
air has similar densitiesB) What happens with air with different temperature and humidity collide bull The air in the cold tube sank the air in
the hot tube rose forming moving circulating air
C) Under what conditions do winds and rotating storms form bull Winds and storms form when air of
different temperature and therefore density meet
Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air Then in the space below explain why the air moves like this
When high pressure air meets low pressure air it forms windsThe air in the
cold tube became more dense forming high air pressure and sank
The air in the hot tube became less dense forming low air pressure and rose forming moving circulating air
Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air
The air in the cold tube became _More_dense forming __High___ air pressure and moved __Down_______
The air in the hot tube became _Less___dense forming _Low____ air pressure and it moved __up_______
Draw smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air
Question Would you expect wind to be formed in the air of set up A or B Why Wind will be formed in Set up A because two air masses of different temperatureor pressure are meeting
Set up ldquoArdquo Set up ldquoBrdquo
Convection Tube Quiz name _______________________
LAND and WATER Heat and Cool at different ratesAnalyze the following incomplete graph
Where do the following labels belong soil water time temperature time when heat turned off
Question 1) define convection movement of heat through air or water Warm air rises it expands and cools Cold air moves in to replace the rising warm air The cool air will then be heated and rise too 2) When is the land warming up faster than water During the dayWhat is warm airs density _low density______
3) Describe how the color of the ground can cause local winds Dark soils heat faster then light colored soil green fields forests Air above dark colored ground will rise to be replaced by cool air from the forests or fields
4) If the earth didnrsquot rotate describe what the global wind patterns would be like The earth would have 2 giant convection currents From the cold north and south poles the air would become dense and sink moving toward the equator then heat and rising moving back to the pole 5) Since the earth does rotate causing the Coriolis Effect how many different patterns of wind convection currents are there in the northern hemisphere 3 What are they called The easterlies move from the east to the west The westerlies move from the west to the east The trade winds move from the east to the west 6) What happens where the Westerlies meet the Easterlies in North America Weather changes are common where the two air masses meet
7) Draw the earth with arrows showing the predominant winds and label their names
bull During the day the land heats faster then the water becoming warmer then the water
bull The hot air above land become less dense and rises
bull The cool air above the water will become more dense and sink
bull This pattern causes cool air from the water over to blow over the land
bull At night the land cools faster then the water the land will become colder then the water
bull This cold air above land will become more dense and sink
bull The hot air above the water will become less dense and rise
bull This pattern causes cool air from the land to blow over the water 6 minute lecture convection current sea breeze and land breeze
httpwwwbingcomvideossearchq=land+breeze+sea+breeze+videoampFORM=VIRE11view=detailampmid=D95C8834DFF47CEDDE95D95C8834DFF47CEDDE95
2 minute video high pressure low pressurehttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=ZQV72Yzmjyc
bull Warm air with low density will rise creating an area of low air pressure
bull Cold air with high density will sink creating an area of high air pressure
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- What causes the seasons Quiz
- Seasons quiz continued
- Seasons quiz continued (2)
- Seasons quiz continued (3)
- Seasons quiz continued (4)
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- What causes the seasons
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- What causes the seasons Continued
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Using the solar demonstrator
- Is there a difference between GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE and GLOBA
- Weather Vs Climate
- Weather
- Why is the Earth the temperature it is
- The Greenhouse Effect
- 2 ways human activity is adding CO2 to the atmosphere
- DEFORESTATION The importance of plants
- What will an increase in global temperature averages do MORE
- Drier conditions in the Central US
- Farming
- A More Extreme Water Cycle will effect
- What will the increase in temperature cause
- Effecting the Oceans
- What can you do to reduce greenhouse gases
- The temperature on Earth has changed many times throughout itrsquos
- How do scientists know what the level of Carbon dioxide was in
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Overview of climate change epa
- Movement of air around earth
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to (2)
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-
AtmosphereCompositionGases78 nitrogen21 oxygen1 Trace gases argon 093 neon krypton ozone carbon dioxide 003
helium xenon water vapor 0ndash40 methane hydrogenSolids and liquidsDust salt ice and water
5 layers1 Troposphere ndash where weather happens ndash at Earthrsquos surface
Temperature decreases as you go away from Earth2 Stratosphere ndash where airplanes fly ndash ozone layer found here
Temperature increases as you go away from Earth3 Mesosphere ndash meteoroids burn up here
Temperature decreases as you go away from Earth4 Thermosphere ndash Mir (was here) and the international space station are found here Auroras occur hereTemperature increases as you go away from Earth Reaches up to 1000 degrees Celsius5 Exosphere ndash most satellites are found here
Temperature decreases as you go away from EarthThis layer blends into outer space
TEMPERATURE ON EARTH The sun does not heat all areas of the
earth equallyTwo factors greatly influence how much solar radiation the earthrsquos surface receives
1) the angle of incidence the angle at which sunrsquos rays strike the earth
2) the number of hours of daylight which is affected seasonally by the tilt of the earth
What causes the seasons Quiz
1 The longest day of the year for us (in the northern hemisphere) occurs ona) July 4b) June 21c) September 22d) December 21e) April 14 (before taxes are due)
Answer 1 (b) The longest day in the northern hemisphere is June 21st the summer solstice
Seasons quiz continued2 The hottest month(s) of the year for us in the northern hemisphere are
usuallya) June-Julyb) July-Augustc) August-Septemberd) December-Januarye) Whenever your cars air conditioning breaks
Answer 2 (b) The hottest months are usually July and August after the oceans have warmed up Note that the days are longer in June and July but the Northern Hemisphere and its oceans are still chilled from winter and spring Also note that local temperature variations may make some areas warmer in August and September (Indian Summer)
Seasons quiz continued3 Planet Earth is closest to the Sun during the month of
a) Juneb) Januaryc) Augustd) Julye) Hah You cant fool me We are always the same distance
January 4 (91402237 miles) July 4 (94502778 miles) January 12 (91417000 miles) July 12 (94496000 miles) February 11 (91729000 miles) August 17 (94119000 miles) March 26 (92712000 miles) September 14 (93516000 miles) April 10 (93198000 miles) October 15 (92705000 miles) May 23 (94108000 miles) November 16 (91673000 miles) June 15 (94415000 miles) December 15 (91496000 miles)
Answer 3 (b) The Earth is actually closest to the Sun in JANUARY Check the chart of distances if you dont believe me
Seasons quiz continued
4 Seasons in the southern hemisphere are
a) Much more severe (hotter in summer colder in winter)b) Much milderc) Exactly the same times and duration as oursd) Opposite of those in the northern hemisphere
Answer 4 (d) The Southern Hemisphere has summer in December - February and winter in June - August exactly opposite to us in the Northern Hemisphere And when it is spring in the northern hemisphere it is autumn in the southern And when it is autumn in the northern hemisphere it is spring in the southern
Seasons quiz continued5 Summer for us in the northern hemisphere occurs because
a) The Earth is closest to the Sun during this seasonb) The Earth is tilted so that the Northern Hemisphere is closer to the Sun than the Southern Hemispherec) The Earth is tilted so that the Sun stays up higher in the sky exposing the Earth to more direct sunlight for longer periods of timed) There are fewer clouds and more sunny days
Answer 5 (c) Seasons result from the Earths tilt of 235deg which means that each hemisphere will alternately be tilted towards the Sun exposing the ground to more direct sunlight for longer periods Just because the planet is tilted with the northern hemisphere tilted toward the Sun does NOT mean that the northern hemisphere is appreciably closer to the Sun Recall that in July the entire planet is much farther from the Sun than it is in January
bull Show video youtubecom What causes the Earthrsquos seasons Ignite learning Has super excited narrator
bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=3eFqZWX8nTo
bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=WLRA87TKXLM 6 minutes
bull Difference between seasons Northern and Southern hemisphere photo
bull httpwwwwindowsucaredutourlink=the_universeutsseasons3html
bull httpwwwbrainpopcomscienceweatherseasons short video with diagram
What causes the seasonsbull Fact The Earths orbit is in the shape of an ellipse so that sometimes the Earth is a little bit closer
to the Sun than at other times bull Question Is this the cause of the seasons bull Answer NObull Question Why doesnrsquot this make sense Consider this imagine that if the seasons were caused by
the Earths orbit how would the seasons in the northern hemisphere compare to seasons in the southern hemisphere
bull Answer Earth close entire earth northern and southern hemisphere summer hotbull Earth Far entire earth northern and southern hemisphere winter cold bull Question Is this true on Earth Is the entire planet hot at the same time and cold at the same
time bull Answer No This is not the case
bull Questions How do the seasons really compare between the northern and southern hemisphere bull Answer Summer in the northern hemisphere occurs at the same time as winter in the south and
vice-versa It turns out that the Earths orbit is nearly perfectly circular and the difference between its closest point and its furthest point is very small In fact the Earth is furthest away from the Sun in June when it is summer in the northern hemisphere
httpwwwwindowsucaredutourlink=the_universeutsseasons2html
Website to explain seasons httpwwwwindowsucaredutourlink=the_universeutsseasons1htmlampedu=midampback=searchsearch_navigationhtml
What causes the seasons Continued
bull The Earth has seasons because it rotates on an axis that is tilted in its orbit That 235 degree tilt causes the different hemispheres to be at different angles to the sun at different times of the year
bull Because of the angle during winter the energy from the sun must travel through more atmosphere to reach the poles also a given amount of the sunrsquos energy is spread over a larger area
Climate zones are areas with distinct climates
The solar radiation reaches the ground on different parts of the Earth with different angles On the equator the sunlight reaches the ground almost perpendicularly whilst at the poles the angle of the Sun is lower or even under the horizon during the polar night
httpcontentmeteobluecomenmeteoscoolgeneral-climate-zones
There are 4 major climate zonesbullTropical zone from 0degndash235deg(between the tropics)
bull In the regions between the equator and the tropics (equatorial region) the solar radiation reaches the ground nearly vertically at noontime during almost the entire year Thereby it is very warm in these regions Through high temperatures more water evaporates and the air is often moist The resulting frequent and dense cloud cover reduces the effect of solar radiation on ground temperature
bullSubtropics from 235degndash40degbull The subtropics receive the highest radiation in summer since the Suns angle at noon is almost vertical to the
Earth whilst the cloud cover is relatively thin These regions receive less moisture (seetrade winds) what increases the effect of radiation Therefore most of the deserts in the world are situated in this zone In winter the radiation in these regions decreases significantly and it can temporarily be very cool and moist
bullTemperate zone from 40degndash60degbull In the temperate zone the solar radiation arrives with a smaller angle and the average temperatures here are
much cooler than in the subtropics The seasons and daylength differ significantly in the course of a year The climate is characterised by less frequent extremes a more regular distribution of the precipitation over the year and a longer vegetation period - therefore the name temperate
bullCold zone from 60degndash90degbull The polar areas between 60deg latitude and the poles receive less heat through solar radiation since the Sun
has a very flat angle toward the ground Because of the changes of the Earth axis angle to the Sun the daylength varies most in this zone In the summer polar days occur Vegetation is only possible during a few months per year and even then is often sparse The conditions for life in these regions are very hard
The characteristics of the climate zones change with great altitude differences within a small area like in mountain areas since temperatures decrease rapidly with altitude changing the climate compared to valleys
httpwwwlawrencehallofscienceorgpasspassv12PASSv12SolarMotionDemopdf
Background Questions
1 What does the metal brad represent 2 What does the black dot in the
middle of the compass rose represent
3 What is the latitude for Rhode Island 4 What is the latitude at the North
Pole 5 What is the latitude at the equator
417 deg N 715 deg WRhode Island Coordinates
Solar Demonstrator Activity
How to use solar demonstrator httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=ovC-HNH4Rr0
Using the solar demonstratorbull Test 1
1 Place the wheel at Rhode Islands Latitude Place the metal brad at the summer solstice and observe the path of the sun as it move from east to west across the sky
2 Move to the winter solstice and repeat3 QUESTION TEST 1 Describe the difference in the sunrsquos motion in the summer
versus the winter as seen from Rhode Island bull Test 2
1 Repeat but set the latitude near the equator2 QUESTION TEST 2 Describe the difference in the sunrsquos motion in the summer
versus the winter as seen from the equatorbull Test 3
1 Repeat but set the latitude near the north pole2 QUESTION TEST 3 Describe the difference in the sunrsquos motion in the summer
versus the winter as seen from the north pole
Final Question Describe how the solar demonstrators proves that the solar radiation differs between the equatorial regions temperate regions and polar regions
Is there a difference between GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE
and GLOBAL WARMING
NO they mean the same thing
The two terms refer to the same issue
The average global temperature is on the rise
Weather Vs Climate
bull Climate is what we expect weather is what we get ndash Mark Twain
bull Today helliphellipWEATHER is the temperature wind pressure precipitation at a given time in a given place
bull Over many years CLIMATE refers to the average weather conditions in a certain place
Weather
bull Climate in Rhode Island has a moist continental climate with four distinct seasons Its weather is tempered by sea winds particularly in the Seaboard Lowland which has a more moderate climate than the rest of New England The average annual temperature is about 50o F (10o C) in various parts of the state
Climate
httpwwwturnto10comweather
Why is the Earth the temperature it is bull The greenhouse effect greenhouse gases like water
vapor carbon dioxide and methane trap heat in the atmosphere keeping the Earth warm
httpwwwepagovclimatechangekidsbasicsindexhtml video 155
The Greenhouse Effect
Solar Radiation
Infrared radiation (heat)
On the diagram add the following labels Solar rays Infrared raysCarbon dioxide Heat escaping to spaceHeat bouncing off greenhouse gas to keep Earth warm
Carbon Dioxide
Heat escaping to space
Heat bouncing off greenhouse gas
2 ways human activity is adding CO2 to the atmosphere
Burning fossil fuels (coal oil natural gas)ndash This removes stored
carbon underground and releases it as gas
ndash Deforestation(killing trees faster then they can re-grow)
ndash Cutting down trees prevents them from taking CO2 out of the air
ndash Burning trees releases CO2 stored in the tree into the atmosphere
httpwwwfwccomimagesLowNoxCombustionSystems2jpg
httpblogwiredcomcarsimages20071213emissionsjpg
DEFORESTATION The importance of plants
bull Plants remove CO2 from the air in photosynthesis and store it as they grow
bull When plants and animals die some of the carbon will become fossil fuels under the surface of the earth
What will an increase in global temperature averages do MORE EXTREME WATER CYCLE
bull Coastal areas will have increased precipitation (rain snow)ndash More runoff ndash Increase in flooding
bull Areas away from the coast will have decreased precipitation ndash soils dry out ndash Droughtndash Less water in lakes and rivers
Drier conditions in the Central US
Who cares if it gets drier in the central US
Farming
bull Where is there more farming ndash A Exeter Rhode Island (home of Schartner Farms)
ndash B Colby Kansasndash See the Satellite Images of each ndash httpmapsgooglecommapshl=enamptab=wlampq=
exeter2C20Rhode20Islandndash httpmapsgooglecommaps
hl=enamptab=wlampq=exeter2C20Rhode20Island
bull Plantsbull Animalsbull Humans
A More Extreme Water Cycle will effect
What will the increase in temperature cause
bull Increased drought in some placesndash This could affect food supply
bull Increased flooding in some placesndash The highest human populations are along the coast
bull Populations of plants and animals may not be able to survive a change in their habitat they may become extinct ndash This may affect other organisms in the food webndash Entire ecosystems could change
Effecting the Oceansbull Changing Climate Means Changing Oceans
httpwwwnprorg20110121133117332changing-climate-means-changing-oceans Science Friday Jan 2011
bull Ocean water is becoming more acidic ndash httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=lIBTuJqPHIkampfeature=player_detailpage you tube ocean acidification NBC 321ndash A change of pH causes shelled organisms to be less able to produce shell this will change food webs ndash httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=Wo-bHt1bOsw chemistry of ocean acidication 3 minutes
bull ocean circulation patterns changingbull fisheries corals plankton shellfish changing bull Sea level is rising because 1) polar ice and
glaciers are melting and 2) the water itself is expanding as it warms up
What can you do to reduce greenhouse gases
Use less coal oil and natural gas for energy bull Turn off the lights when you leave a room bull Turn off your computer and other electronic devices when
youre not using them bull Drive less Instead walk ride your bike or use public
transportation if you can bull Use less water bull Create less waste bull Recycle used paper cans bottles and other materials
The temperature on Earth has changed many times throughout itrsquos history whatrsquos the big deal
bull The temperature is changing fast
bull Human activity is causing the change
Scientists can compare the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere today with the amount of carbon dioxide trapped in ancient ice cores which show that the atmosphere had less carbon dioxide in the past Source EPAs Climate Change Indicators (2010)
How do scientists know what the level of Carbon dioxide was in the distant past
One way is analyzing ICE CORESbull Video about ice cores httpserccarletonedueslabscryosphere4bhtml 231bull httpwwwnhmacuknature-onlineenvironmental-changemeasuring-climate-changeice-cor
es ice core scientists shows how to drill ice 221
Bubbles in ice recovered by drilling from deep within the Greenland Ice Sheet These bubbles are samples of pastatmospheres
Ancient ice contains climate information1) Bubbles trap the atmosphere
when that layer of ice was formed
2) Thickness of the layers can be seen indicating each year of ice formation
Figure 67 A Greenland ice core
EA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of Global Warmingand Our Energy Future Columbia University Press Source NOAA
Figure 83 The shrinking extent of old thick sea ice in the Arctic September 1988-September 2005 The area of old thick ice has been rapidly shrinking as the resultof prolonged melting and flow of ice out of the Arctic through the Fram Strait OW =open water The palegreen line encloses theregion of 90 iceconcentration
Ice free Arctic in summer soon
httpearthobservatorynasagovFeaturesLarsenIceShelf
Scientists had been observing theLarsen B for several years assumingthat it would eventually retreat But theywere stunned to see the ice shelfdisintegrate in a mere 35 days BetweenJanuary 31 and March 7 2002 the iceshelf lost 3250 square kilometers(about 1255 square miles) 1048754 an areasomewhat larger than Rhode Island 1048754sending a plume of icebergs into theWeddell Sea
Figure 101 The fuels used to produce all energy worldwide 2005Total global consumption of fuels in 2005 amounted to 488 exajoules(1018 joules) 87 of which was generated by fossil fuelsEA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of Global Warming and Our EnergyFuture Columbia University Press Data from Energy Information Agency DOE105
Figure 108 Renewable sources of power as proportions of total USelectric net summer capacity 2006The number in () are gigawatts of electrical capacity with correspondingpercentages of total capacity Biomass includes wood and derived fuels landfillgas municipal solid waste and agricultural by-products
Figure 109 Wind farmThe Maple Ridge WindFarm on the Tug HillPlateau in NY
EA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of GlobalWarming and Our Energy Future Columbia University PressSource National Renewable Energy Laboratory DOE
Overview of climate change epa
bull httpwwwepagovclimatechangekidsindexhtml ldquoclimate change basicsrdquo
Movement of air around earth
The movement of heat is called heat transfer Describe the heat transfer between a contain of hot water and air bull Hot water transfers heat energy to air
causing the air temperature to increaseDescribe the heat transfer between a container of ice and air bull Air transfers heat energy to ice causing
the air temperature to decrease
How does air above a hot surface move bull It will rise because hot air will
become less dense then the air around it Causing low air pressure
How does air above a cold surface move bull It will sink because it will be more
dense then air around it Causing high air pressure
a) What happens when air of the same temperature and humidity collide bull The air did not move much because the
air has similar densitiesB) What happens with air with different temperature and humidity collide bull The air in the cold tube sank the air in
the hot tube rose forming moving circulating air
C) Under what conditions do winds and rotating storms form bull Winds and storms form when air of
different temperature and therefore density meet
Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air Then in the space below explain why the air moves like this
When high pressure air meets low pressure air it forms windsThe air in the
cold tube became more dense forming high air pressure and sank
The air in the hot tube became less dense forming low air pressure and rose forming moving circulating air
Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air
The air in the cold tube became _More_dense forming __High___ air pressure and moved __Down_______
The air in the hot tube became _Less___dense forming _Low____ air pressure and it moved __up_______
Draw smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air
Question Would you expect wind to be formed in the air of set up A or B Why Wind will be formed in Set up A because two air masses of different temperatureor pressure are meeting
Set up ldquoArdquo Set up ldquoBrdquo
Convection Tube Quiz name _______________________
LAND and WATER Heat and Cool at different ratesAnalyze the following incomplete graph
Where do the following labels belong soil water time temperature time when heat turned off
Question 1) define convection movement of heat through air or water Warm air rises it expands and cools Cold air moves in to replace the rising warm air The cool air will then be heated and rise too 2) When is the land warming up faster than water During the dayWhat is warm airs density _low density______
3) Describe how the color of the ground can cause local winds Dark soils heat faster then light colored soil green fields forests Air above dark colored ground will rise to be replaced by cool air from the forests or fields
4) If the earth didnrsquot rotate describe what the global wind patterns would be like The earth would have 2 giant convection currents From the cold north and south poles the air would become dense and sink moving toward the equator then heat and rising moving back to the pole 5) Since the earth does rotate causing the Coriolis Effect how many different patterns of wind convection currents are there in the northern hemisphere 3 What are they called The easterlies move from the east to the west The westerlies move from the west to the east The trade winds move from the east to the west 6) What happens where the Westerlies meet the Easterlies in North America Weather changes are common where the two air masses meet
7) Draw the earth with arrows showing the predominant winds and label their names
bull During the day the land heats faster then the water becoming warmer then the water
bull The hot air above land become less dense and rises
bull The cool air above the water will become more dense and sink
bull This pattern causes cool air from the water over to blow over the land
bull At night the land cools faster then the water the land will become colder then the water
bull This cold air above land will become more dense and sink
bull The hot air above the water will become less dense and rise
bull This pattern causes cool air from the land to blow over the water 6 minute lecture convection current sea breeze and land breeze
httpwwwbingcomvideossearchq=land+breeze+sea+breeze+videoampFORM=VIRE11view=detailampmid=D95C8834DFF47CEDDE95D95C8834DFF47CEDDE95
2 minute video high pressure low pressurehttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=ZQV72Yzmjyc
bull Warm air with low density will rise creating an area of low air pressure
bull Cold air with high density will sink creating an area of high air pressure
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- What causes the seasons Quiz
- Seasons quiz continued
- Seasons quiz continued (2)
- Seasons quiz continued (3)
- Seasons quiz continued (4)
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- What causes the seasons
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- What causes the seasons Continued
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Using the solar demonstrator
- Is there a difference between GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE and GLOBA
- Weather Vs Climate
- Weather
- Why is the Earth the temperature it is
- The Greenhouse Effect
- 2 ways human activity is adding CO2 to the atmosphere
- DEFORESTATION The importance of plants
- What will an increase in global temperature averages do MORE
- Drier conditions in the Central US
- Farming
- A More Extreme Water Cycle will effect
- What will the increase in temperature cause
- Effecting the Oceans
- What can you do to reduce greenhouse gases
- The temperature on Earth has changed many times throughout itrsquos
- How do scientists know what the level of Carbon dioxide was in
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Overview of climate change epa
- Movement of air around earth
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to (2)
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-
TEMPERATURE ON EARTH The sun does not heat all areas of the
earth equallyTwo factors greatly influence how much solar radiation the earthrsquos surface receives
1) the angle of incidence the angle at which sunrsquos rays strike the earth
2) the number of hours of daylight which is affected seasonally by the tilt of the earth
What causes the seasons Quiz
1 The longest day of the year for us (in the northern hemisphere) occurs ona) July 4b) June 21c) September 22d) December 21e) April 14 (before taxes are due)
Answer 1 (b) The longest day in the northern hemisphere is June 21st the summer solstice
Seasons quiz continued2 The hottest month(s) of the year for us in the northern hemisphere are
usuallya) June-Julyb) July-Augustc) August-Septemberd) December-Januarye) Whenever your cars air conditioning breaks
Answer 2 (b) The hottest months are usually July and August after the oceans have warmed up Note that the days are longer in June and July but the Northern Hemisphere and its oceans are still chilled from winter and spring Also note that local temperature variations may make some areas warmer in August and September (Indian Summer)
Seasons quiz continued3 Planet Earth is closest to the Sun during the month of
a) Juneb) Januaryc) Augustd) Julye) Hah You cant fool me We are always the same distance
January 4 (91402237 miles) July 4 (94502778 miles) January 12 (91417000 miles) July 12 (94496000 miles) February 11 (91729000 miles) August 17 (94119000 miles) March 26 (92712000 miles) September 14 (93516000 miles) April 10 (93198000 miles) October 15 (92705000 miles) May 23 (94108000 miles) November 16 (91673000 miles) June 15 (94415000 miles) December 15 (91496000 miles)
Answer 3 (b) The Earth is actually closest to the Sun in JANUARY Check the chart of distances if you dont believe me
Seasons quiz continued
4 Seasons in the southern hemisphere are
a) Much more severe (hotter in summer colder in winter)b) Much milderc) Exactly the same times and duration as oursd) Opposite of those in the northern hemisphere
Answer 4 (d) The Southern Hemisphere has summer in December - February and winter in June - August exactly opposite to us in the Northern Hemisphere And when it is spring in the northern hemisphere it is autumn in the southern And when it is autumn in the northern hemisphere it is spring in the southern
Seasons quiz continued5 Summer for us in the northern hemisphere occurs because
a) The Earth is closest to the Sun during this seasonb) The Earth is tilted so that the Northern Hemisphere is closer to the Sun than the Southern Hemispherec) The Earth is tilted so that the Sun stays up higher in the sky exposing the Earth to more direct sunlight for longer periods of timed) There are fewer clouds and more sunny days
Answer 5 (c) Seasons result from the Earths tilt of 235deg which means that each hemisphere will alternately be tilted towards the Sun exposing the ground to more direct sunlight for longer periods Just because the planet is tilted with the northern hemisphere tilted toward the Sun does NOT mean that the northern hemisphere is appreciably closer to the Sun Recall that in July the entire planet is much farther from the Sun than it is in January
bull Show video youtubecom What causes the Earthrsquos seasons Ignite learning Has super excited narrator
bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=3eFqZWX8nTo
bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=WLRA87TKXLM 6 minutes
bull Difference between seasons Northern and Southern hemisphere photo
bull httpwwwwindowsucaredutourlink=the_universeutsseasons3html
bull httpwwwbrainpopcomscienceweatherseasons short video with diagram
What causes the seasonsbull Fact The Earths orbit is in the shape of an ellipse so that sometimes the Earth is a little bit closer
to the Sun than at other times bull Question Is this the cause of the seasons bull Answer NObull Question Why doesnrsquot this make sense Consider this imagine that if the seasons were caused by
the Earths orbit how would the seasons in the northern hemisphere compare to seasons in the southern hemisphere
bull Answer Earth close entire earth northern and southern hemisphere summer hotbull Earth Far entire earth northern and southern hemisphere winter cold bull Question Is this true on Earth Is the entire planet hot at the same time and cold at the same
time bull Answer No This is not the case
bull Questions How do the seasons really compare between the northern and southern hemisphere bull Answer Summer in the northern hemisphere occurs at the same time as winter in the south and
vice-versa It turns out that the Earths orbit is nearly perfectly circular and the difference between its closest point and its furthest point is very small In fact the Earth is furthest away from the Sun in June when it is summer in the northern hemisphere
httpwwwwindowsucaredutourlink=the_universeutsseasons2html
Website to explain seasons httpwwwwindowsucaredutourlink=the_universeutsseasons1htmlampedu=midampback=searchsearch_navigationhtml
What causes the seasons Continued
bull The Earth has seasons because it rotates on an axis that is tilted in its orbit That 235 degree tilt causes the different hemispheres to be at different angles to the sun at different times of the year
bull Because of the angle during winter the energy from the sun must travel through more atmosphere to reach the poles also a given amount of the sunrsquos energy is spread over a larger area
Climate zones are areas with distinct climates
The solar radiation reaches the ground on different parts of the Earth with different angles On the equator the sunlight reaches the ground almost perpendicularly whilst at the poles the angle of the Sun is lower or even under the horizon during the polar night
httpcontentmeteobluecomenmeteoscoolgeneral-climate-zones
There are 4 major climate zonesbullTropical zone from 0degndash235deg(between the tropics)
bull In the regions between the equator and the tropics (equatorial region) the solar radiation reaches the ground nearly vertically at noontime during almost the entire year Thereby it is very warm in these regions Through high temperatures more water evaporates and the air is often moist The resulting frequent and dense cloud cover reduces the effect of solar radiation on ground temperature
bullSubtropics from 235degndash40degbull The subtropics receive the highest radiation in summer since the Suns angle at noon is almost vertical to the
Earth whilst the cloud cover is relatively thin These regions receive less moisture (seetrade winds) what increases the effect of radiation Therefore most of the deserts in the world are situated in this zone In winter the radiation in these regions decreases significantly and it can temporarily be very cool and moist
bullTemperate zone from 40degndash60degbull In the temperate zone the solar radiation arrives with a smaller angle and the average temperatures here are
much cooler than in the subtropics The seasons and daylength differ significantly in the course of a year The climate is characterised by less frequent extremes a more regular distribution of the precipitation over the year and a longer vegetation period - therefore the name temperate
bullCold zone from 60degndash90degbull The polar areas between 60deg latitude and the poles receive less heat through solar radiation since the Sun
has a very flat angle toward the ground Because of the changes of the Earth axis angle to the Sun the daylength varies most in this zone In the summer polar days occur Vegetation is only possible during a few months per year and even then is often sparse The conditions for life in these regions are very hard
The characteristics of the climate zones change with great altitude differences within a small area like in mountain areas since temperatures decrease rapidly with altitude changing the climate compared to valleys
httpwwwlawrencehallofscienceorgpasspassv12PASSv12SolarMotionDemopdf
Background Questions
1 What does the metal brad represent 2 What does the black dot in the
middle of the compass rose represent
3 What is the latitude for Rhode Island 4 What is the latitude at the North
Pole 5 What is the latitude at the equator
417 deg N 715 deg WRhode Island Coordinates
Solar Demonstrator Activity
How to use solar demonstrator httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=ovC-HNH4Rr0
Using the solar demonstratorbull Test 1
1 Place the wheel at Rhode Islands Latitude Place the metal brad at the summer solstice and observe the path of the sun as it move from east to west across the sky
2 Move to the winter solstice and repeat3 QUESTION TEST 1 Describe the difference in the sunrsquos motion in the summer
versus the winter as seen from Rhode Island bull Test 2
1 Repeat but set the latitude near the equator2 QUESTION TEST 2 Describe the difference in the sunrsquos motion in the summer
versus the winter as seen from the equatorbull Test 3
1 Repeat but set the latitude near the north pole2 QUESTION TEST 3 Describe the difference in the sunrsquos motion in the summer
versus the winter as seen from the north pole
Final Question Describe how the solar demonstrators proves that the solar radiation differs between the equatorial regions temperate regions and polar regions
Is there a difference between GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE
and GLOBAL WARMING
NO they mean the same thing
The two terms refer to the same issue
The average global temperature is on the rise
Weather Vs Climate
bull Climate is what we expect weather is what we get ndash Mark Twain
bull Today helliphellipWEATHER is the temperature wind pressure precipitation at a given time in a given place
bull Over many years CLIMATE refers to the average weather conditions in a certain place
Weather
bull Climate in Rhode Island has a moist continental climate with four distinct seasons Its weather is tempered by sea winds particularly in the Seaboard Lowland which has a more moderate climate than the rest of New England The average annual temperature is about 50o F (10o C) in various parts of the state
Climate
httpwwwturnto10comweather
Why is the Earth the temperature it is bull The greenhouse effect greenhouse gases like water
vapor carbon dioxide and methane trap heat in the atmosphere keeping the Earth warm
httpwwwepagovclimatechangekidsbasicsindexhtml video 155
The Greenhouse Effect
Solar Radiation
Infrared radiation (heat)
On the diagram add the following labels Solar rays Infrared raysCarbon dioxide Heat escaping to spaceHeat bouncing off greenhouse gas to keep Earth warm
Carbon Dioxide
Heat escaping to space
Heat bouncing off greenhouse gas
2 ways human activity is adding CO2 to the atmosphere
Burning fossil fuels (coal oil natural gas)ndash This removes stored
carbon underground and releases it as gas
ndash Deforestation(killing trees faster then they can re-grow)
ndash Cutting down trees prevents them from taking CO2 out of the air
ndash Burning trees releases CO2 stored in the tree into the atmosphere
httpwwwfwccomimagesLowNoxCombustionSystems2jpg
httpblogwiredcomcarsimages20071213emissionsjpg
DEFORESTATION The importance of plants
bull Plants remove CO2 from the air in photosynthesis and store it as they grow
bull When plants and animals die some of the carbon will become fossil fuels under the surface of the earth
What will an increase in global temperature averages do MORE EXTREME WATER CYCLE
bull Coastal areas will have increased precipitation (rain snow)ndash More runoff ndash Increase in flooding
bull Areas away from the coast will have decreased precipitation ndash soils dry out ndash Droughtndash Less water in lakes and rivers
Drier conditions in the Central US
Who cares if it gets drier in the central US
Farming
bull Where is there more farming ndash A Exeter Rhode Island (home of Schartner Farms)
ndash B Colby Kansasndash See the Satellite Images of each ndash httpmapsgooglecommapshl=enamptab=wlampq=
exeter2C20Rhode20Islandndash httpmapsgooglecommaps
hl=enamptab=wlampq=exeter2C20Rhode20Island
bull Plantsbull Animalsbull Humans
A More Extreme Water Cycle will effect
What will the increase in temperature cause
bull Increased drought in some placesndash This could affect food supply
bull Increased flooding in some placesndash The highest human populations are along the coast
bull Populations of plants and animals may not be able to survive a change in their habitat they may become extinct ndash This may affect other organisms in the food webndash Entire ecosystems could change
Effecting the Oceansbull Changing Climate Means Changing Oceans
httpwwwnprorg20110121133117332changing-climate-means-changing-oceans Science Friday Jan 2011
bull Ocean water is becoming more acidic ndash httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=lIBTuJqPHIkampfeature=player_detailpage you tube ocean acidification NBC 321ndash A change of pH causes shelled organisms to be less able to produce shell this will change food webs ndash httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=Wo-bHt1bOsw chemistry of ocean acidication 3 minutes
bull ocean circulation patterns changingbull fisheries corals plankton shellfish changing bull Sea level is rising because 1) polar ice and
glaciers are melting and 2) the water itself is expanding as it warms up
What can you do to reduce greenhouse gases
Use less coal oil and natural gas for energy bull Turn off the lights when you leave a room bull Turn off your computer and other electronic devices when
youre not using them bull Drive less Instead walk ride your bike or use public
transportation if you can bull Use less water bull Create less waste bull Recycle used paper cans bottles and other materials
The temperature on Earth has changed many times throughout itrsquos history whatrsquos the big deal
bull The temperature is changing fast
bull Human activity is causing the change
Scientists can compare the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere today with the amount of carbon dioxide trapped in ancient ice cores which show that the atmosphere had less carbon dioxide in the past Source EPAs Climate Change Indicators (2010)
How do scientists know what the level of Carbon dioxide was in the distant past
One way is analyzing ICE CORESbull Video about ice cores httpserccarletonedueslabscryosphere4bhtml 231bull httpwwwnhmacuknature-onlineenvironmental-changemeasuring-climate-changeice-cor
es ice core scientists shows how to drill ice 221
Bubbles in ice recovered by drilling from deep within the Greenland Ice Sheet These bubbles are samples of pastatmospheres
Ancient ice contains climate information1) Bubbles trap the atmosphere
when that layer of ice was formed
2) Thickness of the layers can be seen indicating each year of ice formation
Figure 67 A Greenland ice core
EA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of Global Warmingand Our Energy Future Columbia University Press Source NOAA
Figure 83 The shrinking extent of old thick sea ice in the Arctic September 1988-September 2005 The area of old thick ice has been rapidly shrinking as the resultof prolonged melting and flow of ice out of the Arctic through the Fram Strait OW =open water The palegreen line encloses theregion of 90 iceconcentration
Ice free Arctic in summer soon
httpearthobservatorynasagovFeaturesLarsenIceShelf
Scientists had been observing theLarsen B for several years assumingthat it would eventually retreat But theywere stunned to see the ice shelfdisintegrate in a mere 35 days BetweenJanuary 31 and March 7 2002 the iceshelf lost 3250 square kilometers(about 1255 square miles) 1048754 an areasomewhat larger than Rhode Island 1048754sending a plume of icebergs into theWeddell Sea
Figure 101 The fuels used to produce all energy worldwide 2005Total global consumption of fuels in 2005 amounted to 488 exajoules(1018 joules) 87 of which was generated by fossil fuelsEA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of Global Warming and Our EnergyFuture Columbia University Press Data from Energy Information Agency DOE105
Figure 108 Renewable sources of power as proportions of total USelectric net summer capacity 2006The number in () are gigawatts of electrical capacity with correspondingpercentages of total capacity Biomass includes wood and derived fuels landfillgas municipal solid waste and agricultural by-products
Figure 109 Wind farmThe Maple Ridge WindFarm on the Tug HillPlateau in NY
EA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of GlobalWarming and Our Energy Future Columbia University PressSource National Renewable Energy Laboratory DOE
Overview of climate change epa
bull httpwwwepagovclimatechangekidsindexhtml ldquoclimate change basicsrdquo
Movement of air around earth
The movement of heat is called heat transfer Describe the heat transfer between a contain of hot water and air bull Hot water transfers heat energy to air
causing the air temperature to increaseDescribe the heat transfer between a container of ice and air bull Air transfers heat energy to ice causing
the air temperature to decrease
How does air above a hot surface move bull It will rise because hot air will
become less dense then the air around it Causing low air pressure
How does air above a cold surface move bull It will sink because it will be more
dense then air around it Causing high air pressure
a) What happens when air of the same temperature and humidity collide bull The air did not move much because the
air has similar densitiesB) What happens with air with different temperature and humidity collide bull The air in the cold tube sank the air in
the hot tube rose forming moving circulating air
C) Under what conditions do winds and rotating storms form bull Winds and storms form when air of
different temperature and therefore density meet
Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air Then in the space below explain why the air moves like this
When high pressure air meets low pressure air it forms windsThe air in the
cold tube became more dense forming high air pressure and sank
The air in the hot tube became less dense forming low air pressure and rose forming moving circulating air
Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air
The air in the cold tube became _More_dense forming __High___ air pressure and moved __Down_______
The air in the hot tube became _Less___dense forming _Low____ air pressure and it moved __up_______
Draw smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air
Question Would you expect wind to be formed in the air of set up A or B Why Wind will be formed in Set up A because two air masses of different temperatureor pressure are meeting
Set up ldquoArdquo Set up ldquoBrdquo
Convection Tube Quiz name _______________________
LAND and WATER Heat and Cool at different ratesAnalyze the following incomplete graph
Where do the following labels belong soil water time temperature time when heat turned off
Question 1) define convection movement of heat through air or water Warm air rises it expands and cools Cold air moves in to replace the rising warm air The cool air will then be heated and rise too 2) When is the land warming up faster than water During the dayWhat is warm airs density _low density______
3) Describe how the color of the ground can cause local winds Dark soils heat faster then light colored soil green fields forests Air above dark colored ground will rise to be replaced by cool air from the forests or fields
4) If the earth didnrsquot rotate describe what the global wind patterns would be like The earth would have 2 giant convection currents From the cold north and south poles the air would become dense and sink moving toward the equator then heat and rising moving back to the pole 5) Since the earth does rotate causing the Coriolis Effect how many different patterns of wind convection currents are there in the northern hemisphere 3 What are they called The easterlies move from the east to the west The westerlies move from the west to the east The trade winds move from the east to the west 6) What happens where the Westerlies meet the Easterlies in North America Weather changes are common where the two air masses meet
7) Draw the earth with arrows showing the predominant winds and label their names
bull During the day the land heats faster then the water becoming warmer then the water
bull The hot air above land become less dense and rises
bull The cool air above the water will become more dense and sink
bull This pattern causes cool air from the water over to blow over the land
bull At night the land cools faster then the water the land will become colder then the water
bull This cold air above land will become more dense and sink
bull The hot air above the water will become less dense and rise
bull This pattern causes cool air from the land to blow over the water 6 minute lecture convection current sea breeze and land breeze
httpwwwbingcomvideossearchq=land+breeze+sea+breeze+videoampFORM=VIRE11view=detailampmid=D95C8834DFF47CEDDE95D95C8834DFF47CEDDE95
2 minute video high pressure low pressurehttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=ZQV72Yzmjyc
bull Warm air with low density will rise creating an area of low air pressure
bull Cold air with high density will sink creating an area of high air pressure
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- What causes the seasons Quiz
- Seasons quiz continued
- Seasons quiz continued (2)
- Seasons quiz continued (3)
- Seasons quiz continued (4)
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- What causes the seasons
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- What causes the seasons Continued
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Using the solar demonstrator
- Is there a difference between GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE and GLOBA
- Weather Vs Climate
- Weather
- Why is the Earth the temperature it is
- The Greenhouse Effect
- 2 ways human activity is adding CO2 to the atmosphere
- DEFORESTATION The importance of plants
- What will an increase in global temperature averages do MORE
- Drier conditions in the Central US
- Farming
- A More Extreme Water Cycle will effect
- What will the increase in temperature cause
- Effecting the Oceans
- What can you do to reduce greenhouse gases
- The temperature on Earth has changed many times throughout itrsquos
- How do scientists know what the level of Carbon dioxide was in
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Overview of climate change epa
- Movement of air around earth
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to (2)
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-
What causes the seasons Quiz
1 The longest day of the year for us (in the northern hemisphere) occurs ona) July 4b) June 21c) September 22d) December 21e) April 14 (before taxes are due)
Answer 1 (b) The longest day in the northern hemisphere is June 21st the summer solstice
Seasons quiz continued2 The hottest month(s) of the year for us in the northern hemisphere are
usuallya) June-Julyb) July-Augustc) August-Septemberd) December-Januarye) Whenever your cars air conditioning breaks
Answer 2 (b) The hottest months are usually July and August after the oceans have warmed up Note that the days are longer in June and July but the Northern Hemisphere and its oceans are still chilled from winter and spring Also note that local temperature variations may make some areas warmer in August and September (Indian Summer)
Seasons quiz continued3 Planet Earth is closest to the Sun during the month of
a) Juneb) Januaryc) Augustd) Julye) Hah You cant fool me We are always the same distance
January 4 (91402237 miles) July 4 (94502778 miles) January 12 (91417000 miles) July 12 (94496000 miles) February 11 (91729000 miles) August 17 (94119000 miles) March 26 (92712000 miles) September 14 (93516000 miles) April 10 (93198000 miles) October 15 (92705000 miles) May 23 (94108000 miles) November 16 (91673000 miles) June 15 (94415000 miles) December 15 (91496000 miles)
Answer 3 (b) The Earth is actually closest to the Sun in JANUARY Check the chart of distances if you dont believe me
Seasons quiz continued
4 Seasons in the southern hemisphere are
a) Much more severe (hotter in summer colder in winter)b) Much milderc) Exactly the same times and duration as oursd) Opposite of those in the northern hemisphere
Answer 4 (d) The Southern Hemisphere has summer in December - February and winter in June - August exactly opposite to us in the Northern Hemisphere And when it is spring in the northern hemisphere it is autumn in the southern And when it is autumn in the northern hemisphere it is spring in the southern
Seasons quiz continued5 Summer for us in the northern hemisphere occurs because
a) The Earth is closest to the Sun during this seasonb) The Earth is tilted so that the Northern Hemisphere is closer to the Sun than the Southern Hemispherec) The Earth is tilted so that the Sun stays up higher in the sky exposing the Earth to more direct sunlight for longer periods of timed) There are fewer clouds and more sunny days
Answer 5 (c) Seasons result from the Earths tilt of 235deg which means that each hemisphere will alternately be tilted towards the Sun exposing the ground to more direct sunlight for longer periods Just because the planet is tilted with the northern hemisphere tilted toward the Sun does NOT mean that the northern hemisphere is appreciably closer to the Sun Recall that in July the entire planet is much farther from the Sun than it is in January
bull Show video youtubecom What causes the Earthrsquos seasons Ignite learning Has super excited narrator
bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=3eFqZWX8nTo
bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=WLRA87TKXLM 6 minutes
bull Difference between seasons Northern and Southern hemisphere photo
bull httpwwwwindowsucaredutourlink=the_universeutsseasons3html
bull httpwwwbrainpopcomscienceweatherseasons short video with diagram
What causes the seasonsbull Fact The Earths orbit is in the shape of an ellipse so that sometimes the Earth is a little bit closer
to the Sun than at other times bull Question Is this the cause of the seasons bull Answer NObull Question Why doesnrsquot this make sense Consider this imagine that if the seasons were caused by
the Earths orbit how would the seasons in the northern hemisphere compare to seasons in the southern hemisphere
bull Answer Earth close entire earth northern and southern hemisphere summer hotbull Earth Far entire earth northern and southern hemisphere winter cold bull Question Is this true on Earth Is the entire planet hot at the same time and cold at the same
time bull Answer No This is not the case
bull Questions How do the seasons really compare between the northern and southern hemisphere bull Answer Summer in the northern hemisphere occurs at the same time as winter in the south and
vice-versa It turns out that the Earths orbit is nearly perfectly circular and the difference between its closest point and its furthest point is very small In fact the Earth is furthest away from the Sun in June when it is summer in the northern hemisphere
httpwwwwindowsucaredutourlink=the_universeutsseasons2html
Website to explain seasons httpwwwwindowsucaredutourlink=the_universeutsseasons1htmlampedu=midampback=searchsearch_navigationhtml
What causes the seasons Continued
bull The Earth has seasons because it rotates on an axis that is tilted in its orbit That 235 degree tilt causes the different hemispheres to be at different angles to the sun at different times of the year
bull Because of the angle during winter the energy from the sun must travel through more atmosphere to reach the poles also a given amount of the sunrsquos energy is spread over a larger area
Climate zones are areas with distinct climates
The solar radiation reaches the ground on different parts of the Earth with different angles On the equator the sunlight reaches the ground almost perpendicularly whilst at the poles the angle of the Sun is lower or even under the horizon during the polar night
httpcontentmeteobluecomenmeteoscoolgeneral-climate-zones
There are 4 major climate zonesbullTropical zone from 0degndash235deg(between the tropics)
bull In the regions between the equator and the tropics (equatorial region) the solar radiation reaches the ground nearly vertically at noontime during almost the entire year Thereby it is very warm in these regions Through high temperatures more water evaporates and the air is often moist The resulting frequent and dense cloud cover reduces the effect of solar radiation on ground temperature
bullSubtropics from 235degndash40degbull The subtropics receive the highest radiation in summer since the Suns angle at noon is almost vertical to the
Earth whilst the cloud cover is relatively thin These regions receive less moisture (seetrade winds) what increases the effect of radiation Therefore most of the deserts in the world are situated in this zone In winter the radiation in these regions decreases significantly and it can temporarily be very cool and moist
bullTemperate zone from 40degndash60degbull In the temperate zone the solar radiation arrives with a smaller angle and the average temperatures here are
much cooler than in the subtropics The seasons and daylength differ significantly in the course of a year The climate is characterised by less frequent extremes a more regular distribution of the precipitation over the year and a longer vegetation period - therefore the name temperate
bullCold zone from 60degndash90degbull The polar areas between 60deg latitude and the poles receive less heat through solar radiation since the Sun
has a very flat angle toward the ground Because of the changes of the Earth axis angle to the Sun the daylength varies most in this zone In the summer polar days occur Vegetation is only possible during a few months per year and even then is often sparse The conditions for life in these regions are very hard
The characteristics of the climate zones change with great altitude differences within a small area like in mountain areas since temperatures decrease rapidly with altitude changing the climate compared to valleys
httpwwwlawrencehallofscienceorgpasspassv12PASSv12SolarMotionDemopdf
Background Questions
1 What does the metal brad represent 2 What does the black dot in the
middle of the compass rose represent
3 What is the latitude for Rhode Island 4 What is the latitude at the North
Pole 5 What is the latitude at the equator
417 deg N 715 deg WRhode Island Coordinates
Solar Demonstrator Activity
How to use solar demonstrator httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=ovC-HNH4Rr0
Using the solar demonstratorbull Test 1
1 Place the wheel at Rhode Islands Latitude Place the metal brad at the summer solstice and observe the path of the sun as it move from east to west across the sky
2 Move to the winter solstice and repeat3 QUESTION TEST 1 Describe the difference in the sunrsquos motion in the summer
versus the winter as seen from Rhode Island bull Test 2
1 Repeat but set the latitude near the equator2 QUESTION TEST 2 Describe the difference in the sunrsquos motion in the summer
versus the winter as seen from the equatorbull Test 3
1 Repeat but set the latitude near the north pole2 QUESTION TEST 3 Describe the difference in the sunrsquos motion in the summer
versus the winter as seen from the north pole
Final Question Describe how the solar demonstrators proves that the solar radiation differs between the equatorial regions temperate regions and polar regions
Is there a difference between GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE
and GLOBAL WARMING
NO they mean the same thing
The two terms refer to the same issue
The average global temperature is on the rise
Weather Vs Climate
bull Climate is what we expect weather is what we get ndash Mark Twain
bull Today helliphellipWEATHER is the temperature wind pressure precipitation at a given time in a given place
bull Over many years CLIMATE refers to the average weather conditions in a certain place
Weather
bull Climate in Rhode Island has a moist continental climate with four distinct seasons Its weather is tempered by sea winds particularly in the Seaboard Lowland which has a more moderate climate than the rest of New England The average annual temperature is about 50o F (10o C) in various parts of the state
Climate
httpwwwturnto10comweather
Why is the Earth the temperature it is bull The greenhouse effect greenhouse gases like water
vapor carbon dioxide and methane trap heat in the atmosphere keeping the Earth warm
httpwwwepagovclimatechangekidsbasicsindexhtml video 155
The Greenhouse Effect
Solar Radiation
Infrared radiation (heat)
On the diagram add the following labels Solar rays Infrared raysCarbon dioxide Heat escaping to spaceHeat bouncing off greenhouse gas to keep Earth warm
Carbon Dioxide
Heat escaping to space
Heat bouncing off greenhouse gas
2 ways human activity is adding CO2 to the atmosphere
Burning fossil fuels (coal oil natural gas)ndash This removes stored
carbon underground and releases it as gas
ndash Deforestation(killing trees faster then they can re-grow)
ndash Cutting down trees prevents them from taking CO2 out of the air
ndash Burning trees releases CO2 stored in the tree into the atmosphere
httpwwwfwccomimagesLowNoxCombustionSystems2jpg
httpblogwiredcomcarsimages20071213emissionsjpg
DEFORESTATION The importance of plants
bull Plants remove CO2 from the air in photosynthesis and store it as they grow
bull When plants and animals die some of the carbon will become fossil fuels under the surface of the earth
What will an increase in global temperature averages do MORE EXTREME WATER CYCLE
bull Coastal areas will have increased precipitation (rain snow)ndash More runoff ndash Increase in flooding
bull Areas away from the coast will have decreased precipitation ndash soils dry out ndash Droughtndash Less water in lakes and rivers
Drier conditions in the Central US
Who cares if it gets drier in the central US
Farming
bull Where is there more farming ndash A Exeter Rhode Island (home of Schartner Farms)
ndash B Colby Kansasndash See the Satellite Images of each ndash httpmapsgooglecommapshl=enamptab=wlampq=
exeter2C20Rhode20Islandndash httpmapsgooglecommaps
hl=enamptab=wlampq=exeter2C20Rhode20Island
bull Plantsbull Animalsbull Humans
A More Extreme Water Cycle will effect
What will the increase in temperature cause
bull Increased drought in some placesndash This could affect food supply
bull Increased flooding in some placesndash The highest human populations are along the coast
bull Populations of plants and animals may not be able to survive a change in their habitat they may become extinct ndash This may affect other organisms in the food webndash Entire ecosystems could change
Effecting the Oceansbull Changing Climate Means Changing Oceans
httpwwwnprorg20110121133117332changing-climate-means-changing-oceans Science Friday Jan 2011
bull Ocean water is becoming more acidic ndash httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=lIBTuJqPHIkampfeature=player_detailpage you tube ocean acidification NBC 321ndash A change of pH causes shelled organisms to be less able to produce shell this will change food webs ndash httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=Wo-bHt1bOsw chemistry of ocean acidication 3 minutes
bull ocean circulation patterns changingbull fisheries corals plankton shellfish changing bull Sea level is rising because 1) polar ice and
glaciers are melting and 2) the water itself is expanding as it warms up
What can you do to reduce greenhouse gases
Use less coal oil and natural gas for energy bull Turn off the lights when you leave a room bull Turn off your computer and other electronic devices when
youre not using them bull Drive less Instead walk ride your bike or use public
transportation if you can bull Use less water bull Create less waste bull Recycle used paper cans bottles and other materials
The temperature on Earth has changed many times throughout itrsquos history whatrsquos the big deal
bull The temperature is changing fast
bull Human activity is causing the change
Scientists can compare the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere today with the amount of carbon dioxide trapped in ancient ice cores which show that the atmosphere had less carbon dioxide in the past Source EPAs Climate Change Indicators (2010)
How do scientists know what the level of Carbon dioxide was in the distant past
One way is analyzing ICE CORESbull Video about ice cores httpserccarletonedueslabscryosphere4bhtml 231bull httpwwwnhmacuknature-onlineenvironmental-changemeasuring-climate-changeice-cor
es ice core scientists shows how to drill ice 221
Bubbles in ice recovered by drilling from deep within the Greenland Ice Sheet These bubbles are samples of pastatmospheres
Ancient ice contains climate information1) Bubbles trap the atmosphere
when that layer of ice was formed
2) Thickness of the layers can be seen indicating each year of ice formation
Figure 67 A Greenland ice core
EA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of Global Warmingand Our Energy Future Columbia University Press Source NOAA
Figure 83 The shrinking extent of old thick sea ice in the Arctic September 1988-September 2005 The area of old thick ice has been rapidly shrinking as the resultof prolonged melting and flow of ice out of the Arctic through the Fram Strait OW =open water The palegreen line encloses theregion of 90 iceconcentration
Ice free Arctic in summer soon
httpearthobservatorynasagovFeaturesLarsenIceShelf
Scientists had been observing theLarsen B for several years assumingthat it would eventually retreat But theywere stunned to see the ice shelfdisintegrate in a mere 35 days BetweenJanuary 31 and March 7 2002 the iceshelf lost 3250 square kilometers(about 1255 square miles) 1048754 an areasomewhat larger than Rhode Island 1048754sending a plume of icebergs into theWeddell Sea
Figure 101 The fuels used to produce all energy worldwide 2005Total global consumption of fuels in 2005 amounted to 488 exajoules(1018 joules) 87 of which was generated by fossil fuelsEA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of Global Warming and Our EnergyFuture Columbia University Press Data from Energy Information Agency DOE105
Figure 108 Renewable sources of power as proportions of total USelectric net summer capacity 2006The number in () are gigawatts of electrical capacity with correspondingpercentages of total capacity Biomass includes wood and derived fuels landfillgas municipal solid waste and agricultural by-products
Figure 109 Wind farmThe Maple Ridge WindFarm on the Tug HillPlateau in NY
EA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of GlobalWarming and Our Energy Future Columbia University PressSource National Renewable Energy Laboratory DOE
Overview of climate change epa
bull httpwwwepagovclimatechangekidsindexhtml ldquoclimate change basicsrdquo
Movement of air around earth
The movement of heat is called heat transfer Describe the heat transfer between a contain of hot water and air bull Hot water transfers heat energy to air
causing the air temperature to increaseDescribe the heat transfer between a container of ice and air bull Air transfers heat energy to ice causing
the air temperature to decrease
How does air above a hot surface move bull It will rise because hot air will
become less dense then the air around it Causing low air pressure
How does air above a cold surface move bull It will sink because it will be more
dense then air around it Causing high air pressure
a) What happens when air of the same temperature and humidity collide bull The air did not move much because the
air has similar densitiesB) What happens with air with different temperature and humidity collide bull The air in the cold tube sank the air in
the hot tube rose forming moving circulating air
C) Under what conditions do winds and rotating storms form bull Winds and storms form when air of
different temperature and therefore density meet
Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air Then in the space below explain why the air moves like this
When high pressure air meets low pressure air it forms windsThe air in the
cold tube became more dense forming high air pressure and sank
The air in the hot tube became less dense forming low air pressure and rose forming moving circulating air
Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air
The air in the cold tube became _More_dense forming __High___ air pressure and moved __Down_______
The air in the hot tube became _Less___dense forming _Low____ air pressure and it moved __up_______
Draw smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air
Question Would you expect wind to be formed in the air of set up A or B Why Wind will be formed in Set up A because two air masses of different temperatureor pressure are meeting
Set up ldquoArdquo Set up ldquoBrdquo
Convection Tube Quiz name _______________________
LAND and WATER Heat and Cool at different ratesAnalyze the following incomplete graph
Where do the following labels belong soil water time temperature time when heat turned off
Question 1) define convection movement of heat through air or water Warm air rises it expands and cools Cold air moves in to replace the rising warm air The cool air will then be heated and rise too 2) When is the land warming up faster than water During the dayWhat is warm airs density _low density______
3) Describe how the color of the ground can cause local winds Dark soils heat faster then light colored soil green fields forests Air above dark colored ground will rise to be replaced by cool air from the forests or fields
4) If the earth didnrsquot rotate describe what the global wind patterns would be like The earth would have 2 giant convection currents From the cold north and south poles the air would become dense and sink moving toward the equator then heat and rising moving back to the pole 5) Since the earth does rotate causing the Coriolis Effect how many different patterns of wind convection currents are there in the northern hemisphere 3 What are they called The easterlies move from the east to the west The westerlies move from the west to the east The trade winds move from the east to the west 6) What happens where the Westerlies meet the Easterlies in North America Weather changes are common where the two air masses meet
7) Draw the earth with arrows showing the predominant winds and label their names
bull During the day the land heats faster then the water becoming warmer then the water
bull The hot air above land become less dense and rises
bull The cool air above the water will become more dense and sink
bull This pattern causes cool air from the water over to blow over the land
bull At night the land cools faster then the water the land will become colder then the water
bull This cold air above land will become more dense and sink
bull The hot air above the water will become less dense and rise
bull This pattern causes cool air from the land to blow over the water 6 minute lecture convection current sea breeze and land breeze
httpwwwbingcomvideossearchq=land+breeze+sea+breeze+videoampFORM=VIRE11view=detailampmid=D95C8834DFF47CEDDE95D95C8834DFF47CEDDE95
2 minute video high pressure low pressurehttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=ZQV72Yzmjyc
bull Warm air with low density will rise creating an area of low air pressure
bull Cold air with high density will sink creating an area of high air pressure
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- What causes the seasons Quiz
- Seasons quiz continued
- Seasons quiz continued (2)
- Seasons quiz continued (3)
- Seasons quiz continued (4)
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- What causes the seasons
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- What causes the seasons Continued
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Using the solar demonstrator
- Is there a difference between GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE and GLOBA
- Weather Vs Climate
- Weather
- Why is the Earth the temperature it is
- The Greenhouse Effect
- 2 ways human activity is adding CO2 to the atmosphere
- DEFORESTATION The importance of plants
- What will an increase in global temperature averages do MORE
- Drier conditions in the Central US
- Farming
- A More Extreme Water Cycle will effect
- What will the increase in temperature cause
- Effecting the Oceans
- What can you do to reduce greenhouse gases
- The temperature on Earth has changed many times throughout itrsquos
- How do scientists know what the level of Carbon dioxide was in
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Overview of climate change epa
- Movement of air around earth
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to (2)
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-
Seasons quiz continued2 The hottest month(s) of the year for us in the northern hemisphere are
usuallya) June-Julyb) July-Augustc) August-Septemberd) December-Januarye) Whenever your cars air conditioning breaks
Answer 2 (b) The hottest months are usually July and August after the oceans have warmed up Note that the days are longer in June and July but the Northern Hemisphere and its oceans are still chilled from winter and spring Also note that local temperature variations may make some areas warmer in August and September (Indian Summer)
Seasons quiz continued3 Planet Earth is closest to the Sun during the month of
a) Juneb) Januaryc) Augustd) Julye) Hah You cant fool me We are always the same distance
January 4 (91402237 miles) July 4 (94502778 miles) January 12 (91417000 miles) July 12 (94496000 miles) February 11 (91729000 miles) August 17 (94119000 miles) March 26 (92712000 miles) September 14 (93516000 miles) April 10 (93198000 miles) October 15 (92705000 miles) May 23 (94108000 miles) November 16 (91673000 miles) June 15 (94415000 miles) December 15 (91496000 miles)
Answer 3 (b) The Earth is actually closest to the Sun in JANUARY Check the chart of distances if you dont believe me
Seasons quiz continued
4 Seasons in the southern hemisphere are
a) Much more severe (hotter in summer colder in winter)b) Much milderc) Exactly the same times and duration as oursd) Opposite of those in the northern hemisphere
Answer 4 (d) The Southern Hemisphere has summer in December - February and winter in June - August exactly opposite to us in the Northern Hemisphere And when it is spring in the northern hemisphere it is autumn in the southern And when it is autumn in the northern hemisphere it is spring in the southern
Seasons quiz continued5 Summer for us in the northern hemisphere occurs because
a) The Earth is closest to the Sun during this seasonb) The Earth is tilted so that the Northern Hemisphere is closer to the Sun than the Southern Hemispherec) The Earth is tilted so that the Sun stays up higher in the sky exposing the Earth to more direct sunlight for longer periods of timed) There are fewer clouds and more sunny days
Answer 5 (c) Seasons result from the Earths tilt of 235deg which means that each hemisphere will alternately be tilted towards the Sun exposing the ground to more direct sunlight for longer periods Just because the planet is tilted with the northern hemisphere tilted toward the Sun does NOT mean that the northern hemisphere is appreciably closer to the Sun Recall that in July the entire planet is much farther from the Sun than it is in January
bull Show video youtubecom What causes the Earthrsquos seasons Ignite learning Has super excited narrator
bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=3eFqZWX8nTo
bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=WLRA87TKXLM 6 minutes
bull Difference between seasons Northern and Southern hemisphere photo
bull httpwwwwindowsucaredutourlink=the_universeutsseasons3html
bull httpwwwbrainpopcomscienceweatherseasons short video with diagram
What causes the seasonsbull Fact The Earths orbit is in the shape of an ellipse so that sometimes the Earth is a little bit closer
to the Sun than at other times bull Question Is this the cause of the seasons bull Answer NObull Question Why doesnrsquot this make sense Consider this imagine that if the seasons were caused by
the Earths orbit how would the seasons in the northern hemisphere compare to seasons in the southern hemisphere
bull Answer Earth close entire earth northern and southern hemisphere summer hotbull Earth Far entire earth northern and southern hemisphere winter cold bull Question Is this true on Earth Is the entire planet hot at the same time and cold at the same
time bull Answer No This is not the case
bull Questions How do the seasons really compare between the northern and southern hemisphere bull Answer Summer in the northern hemisphere occurs at the same time as winter in the south and
vice-versa It turns out that the Earths orbit is nearly perfectly circular and the difference between its closest point and its furthest point is very small In fact the Earth is furthest away from the Sun in June when it is summer in the northern hemisphere
httpwwwwindowsucaredutourlink=the_universeutsseasons2html
Website to explain seasons httpwwwwindowsucaredutourlink=the_universeutsseasons1htmlampedu=midampback=searchsearch_navigationhtml
What causes the seasons Continued
bull The Earth has seasons because it rotates on an axis that is tilted in its orbit That 235 degree tilt causes the different hemispheres to be at different angles to the sun at different times of the year
bull Because of the angle during winter the energy from the sun must travel through more atmosphere to reach the poles also a given amount of the sunrsquos energy is spread over a larger area
Climate zones are areas with distinct climates
The solar radiation reaches the ground on different parts of the Earth with different angles On the equator the sunlight reaches the ground almost perpendicularly whilst at the poles the angle of the Sun is lower or even under the horizon during the polar night
httpcontentmeteobluecomenmeteoscoolgeneral-climate-zones
There are 4 major climate zonesbullTropical zone from 0degndash235deg(between the tropics)
bull In the regions between the equator and the tropics (equatorial region) the solar radiation reaches the ground nearly vertically at noontime during almost the entire year Thereby it is very warm in these regions Through high temperatures more water evaporates and the air is often moist The resulting frequent and dense cloud cover reduces the effect of solar radiation on ground temperature
bullSubtropics from 235degndash40degbull The subtropics receive the highest radiation in summer since the Suns angle at noon is almost vertical to the
Earth whilst the cloud cover is relatively thin These regions receive less moisture (seetrade winds) what increases the effect of radiation Therefore most of the deserts in the world are situated in this zone In winter the radiation in these regions decreases significantly and it can temporarily be very cool and moist
bullTemperate zone from 40degndash60degbull In the temperate zone the solar radiation arrives with a smaller angle and the average temperatures here are
much cooler than in the subtropics The seasons and daylength differ significantly in the course of a year The climate is characterised by less frequent extremes a more regular distribution of the precipitation over the year and a longer vegetation period - therefore the name temperate
bullCold zone from 60degndash90degbull The polar areas between 60deg latitude and the poles receive less heat through solar radiation since the Sun
has a very flat angle toward the ground Because of the changes of the Earth axis angle to the Sun the daylength varies most in this zone In the summer polar days occur Vegetation is only possible during a few months per year and even then is often sparse The conditions for life in these regions are very hard
The characteristics of the climate zones change with great altitude differences within a small area like in mountain areas since temperatures decrease rapidly with altitude changing the climate compared to valleys
httpwwwlawrencehallofscienceorgpasspassv12PASSv12SolarMotionDemopdf
Background Questions
1 What does the metal brad represent 2 What does the black dot in the
middle of the compass rose represent
3 What is the latitude for Rhode Island 4 What is the latitude at the North
Pole 5 What is the latitude at the equator
417 deg N 715 deg WRhode Island Coordinates
Solar Demonstrator Activity
How to use solar demonstrator httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=ovC-HNH4Rr0
Using the solar demonstratorbull Test 1
1 Place the wheel at Rhode Islands Latitude Place the metal brad at the summer solstice and observe the path of the sun as it move from east to west across the sky
2 Move to the winter solstice and repeat3 QUESTION TEST 1 Describe the difference in the sunrsquos motion in the summer
versus the winter as seen from Rhode Island bull Test 2
1 Repeat but set the latitude near the equator2 QUESTION TEST 2 Describe the difference in the sunrsquos motion in the summer
versus the winter as seen from the equatorbull Test 3
1 Repeat but set the latitude near the north pole2 QUESTION TEST 3 Describe the difference in the sunrsquos motion in the summer
versus the winter as seen from the north pole
Final Question Describe how the solar demonstrators proves that the solar radiation differs between the equatorial regions temperate regions and polar regions
Is there a difference between GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE
and GLOBAL WARMING
NO they mean the same thing
The two terms refer to the same issue
The average global temperature is on the rise
Weather Vs Climate
bull Climate is what we expect weather is what we get ndash Mark Twain
bull Today helliphellipWEATHER is the temperature wind pressure precipitation at a given time in a given place
bull Over many years CLIMATE refers to the average weather conditions in a certain place
Weather
bull Climate in Rhode Island has a moist continental climate with four distinct seasons Its weather is tempered by sea winds particularly in the Seaboard Lowland which has a more moderate climate than the rest of New England The average annual temperature is about 50o F (10o C) in various parts of the state
Climate
httpwwwturnto10comweather
Why is the Earth the temperature it is bull The greenhouse effect greenhouse gases like water
vapor carbon dioxide and methane trap heat in the atmosphere keeping the Earth warm
httpwwwepagovclimatechangekidsbasicsindexhtml video 155
The Greenhouse Effect
Solar Radiation
Infrared radiation (heat)
On the diagram add the following labels Solar rays Infrared raysCarbon dioxide Heat escaping to spaceHeat bouncing off greenhouse gas to keep Earth warm
Carbon Dioxide
Heat escaping to space
Heat bouncing off greenhouse gas
2 ways human activity is adding CO2 to the atmosphere
Burning fossil fuels (coal oil natural gas)ndash This removes stored
carbon underground and releases it as gas
ndash Deforestation(killing trees faster then they can re-grow)
ndash Cutting down trees prevents them from taking CO2 out of the air
ndash Burning trees releases CO2 stored in the tree into the atmosphere
httpwwwfwccomimagesLowNoxCombustionSystems2jpg
httpblogwiredcomcarsimages20071213emissionsjpg
DEFORESTATION The importance of plants
bull Plants remove CO2 from the air in photosynthesis and store it as they grow
bull When plants and animals die some of the carbon will become fossil fuels under the surface of the earth
What will an increase in global temperature averages do MORE EXTREME WATER CYCLE
bull Coastal areas will have increased precipitation (rain snow)ndash More runoff ndash Increase in flooding
bull Areas away from the coast will have decreased precipitation ndash soils dry out ndash Droughtndash Less water in lakes and rivers
Drier conditions in the Central US
Who cares if it gets drier in the central US
Farming
bull Where is there more farming ndash A Exeter Rhode Island (home of Schartner Farms)
ndash B Colby Kansasndash See the Satellite Images of each ndash httpmapsgooglecommapshl=enamptab=wlampq=
exeter2C20Rhode20Islandndash httpmapsgooglecommaps
hl=enamptab=wlampq=exeter2C20Rhode20Island
bull Plantsbull Animalsbull Humans
A More Extreme Water Cycle will effect
What will the increase in temperature cause
bull Increased drought in some placesndash This could affect food supply
bull Increased flooding in some placesndash The highest human populations are along the coast
bull Populations of plants and animals may not be able to survive a change in their habitat they may become extinct ndash This may affect other organisms in the food webndash Entire ecosystems could change
Effecting the Oceansbull Changing Climate Means Changing Oceans
httpwwwnprorg20110121133117332changing-climate-means-changing-oceans Science Friday Jan 2011
bull Ocean water is becoming more acidic ndash httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=lIBTuJqPHIkampfeature=player_detailpage you tube ocean acidification NBC 321ndash A change of pH causes shelled organisms to be less able to produce shell this will change food webs ndash httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=Wo-bHt1bOsw chemistry of ocean acidication 3 minutes
bull ocean circulation patterns changingbull fisheries corals plankton shellfish changing bull Sea level is rising because 1) polar ice and
glaciers are melting and 2) the water itself is expanding as it warms up
What can you do to reduce greenhouse gases
Use less coal oil and natural gas for energy bull Turn off the lights when you leave a room bull Turn off your computer and other electronic devices when
youre not using them bull Drive less Instead walk ride your bike or use public
transportation if you can bull Use less water bull Create less waste bull Recycle used paper cans bottles and other materials
The temperature on Earth has changed many times throughout itrsquos history whatrsquos the big deal
bull The temperature is changing fast
bull Human activity is causing the change
Scientists can compare the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere today with the amount of carbon dioxide trapped in ancient ice cores which show that the atmosphere had less carbon dioxide in the past Source EPAs Climate Change Indicators (2010)
How do scientists know what the level of Carbon dioxide was in the distant past
One way is analyzing ICE CORESbull Video about ice cores httpserccarletonedueslabscryosphere4bhtml 231bull httpwwwnhmacuknature-onlineenvironmental-changemeasuring-climate-changeice-cor
es ice core scientists shows how to drill ice 221
Bubbles in ice recovered by drilling from deep within the Greenland Ice Sheet These bubbles are samples of pastatmospheres
Ancient ice contains climate information1) Bubbles trap the atmosphere
when that layer of ice was formed
2) Thickness of the layers can be seen indicating each year of ice formation
Figure 67 A Greenland ice core
EA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of Global Warmingand Our Energy Future Columbia University Press Source NOAA
Figure 83 The shrinking extent of old thick sea ice in the Arctic September 1988-September 2005 The area of old thick ice has been rapidly shrinking as the resultof prolonged melting and flow of ice out of the Arctic through the Fram Strait OW =open water The palegreen line encloses theregion of 90 iceconcentration
Ice free Arctic in summer soon
httpearthobservatorynasagovFeaturesLarsenIceShelf
Scientists had been observing theLarsen B for several years assumingthat it would eventually retreat But theywere stunned to see the ice shelfdisintegrate in a mere 35 days BetweenJanuary 31 and March 7 2002 the iceshelf lost 3250 square kilometers(about 1255 square miles) 1048754 an areasomewhat larger than Rhode Island 1048754sending a plume of icebergs into theWeddell Sea
Figure 101 The fuels used to produce all energy worldwide 2005Total global consumption of fuels in 2005 amounted to 488 exajoules(1018 joules) 87 of which was generated by fossil fuelsEA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of Global Warming and Our EnergyFuture Columbia University Press Data from Energy Information Agency DOE105
Figure 108 Renewable sources of power as proportions of total USelectric net summer capacity 2006The number in () are gigawatts of electrical capacity with correspondingpercentages of total capacity Biomass includes wood and derived fuels landfillgas municipal solid waste and agricultural by-products
Figure 109 Wind farmThe Maple Ridge WindFarm on the Tug HillPlateau in NY
EA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of GlobalWarming and Our Energy Future Columbia University PressSource National Renewable Energy Laboratory DOE
Overview of climate change epa
bull httpwwwepagovclimatechangekidsindexhtml ldquoclimate change basicsrdquo
Movement of air around earth
The movement of heat is called heat transfer Describe the heat transfer between a contain of hot water and air bull Hot water transfers heat energy to air
causing the air temperature to increaseDescribe the heat transfer between a container of ice and air bull Air transfers heat energy to ice causing
the air temperature to decrease
How does air above a hot surface move bull It will rise because hot air will
become less dense then the air around it Causing low air pressure
How does air above a cold surface move bull It will sink because it will be more
dense then air around it Causing high air pressure
a) What happens when air of the same temperature and humidity collide bull The air did not move much because the
air has similar densitiesB) What happens with air with different temperature and humidity collide bull The air in the cold tube sank the air in
the hot tube rose forming moving circulating air
C) Under what conditions do winds and rotating storms form bull Winds and storms form when air of
different temperature and therefore density meet
Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air Then in the space below explain why the air moves like this
When high pressure air meets low pressure air it forms windsThe air in the
cold tube became more dense forming high air pressure and sank
The air in the hot tube became less dense forming low air pressure and rose forming moving circulating air
Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air
The air in the cold tube became _More_dense forming __High___ air pressure and moved __Down_______
The air in the hot tube became _Less___dense forming _Low____ air pressure and it moved __up_______
Draw smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air
Question Would you expect wind to be formed in the air of set up A or B Why Wind will be formed in Set up A because two air masses of different temperatureor pressure are meeting
Set up ldquoArdquo Set up ldquoBrdquo
Convection Tube Quiz name _______________________
LAND and WATER Heat and Cool at different ratesAnalyze the following incomplete graph
Where do the following labels belong soil water time temperature time when heat turned off
Question 1) define convection movement of heat through air or water Warm air rises it expands and cools Cold air moves in to replace the rising warm air The cool air will then be heated and rise too 2) When is the land warming up faster than water During the dayWhat is warm airs density _low density______
3) Describe how the color of the ground can cause local winds Dark soils heat faster then light colored soil green fields forests Air above dark colored ground will rise to be replaced by cool air from the forests or fields
4) If the earth didnrsquot rotate describe what the global wind patterns would be like The earth would have 2 giant convection currents From the cold north and south poles the air would become dense and sink moving toward the equator then heat and rising moving back to the pole 5) Since the earth does rotate causing the Coriolis Effect how many different patterns of wind convection currents are there in the northern hemisphere 3 What are they called The easterlies move from the east to the west The westerlies move from the west to the east The trade winds move from the east to the west 6) What happens where the Westerlies meet the Easterlies in North America Weather changes are common where the two air masses meet
7) Draw the earth with arrows showing the predominant winds and label their names
bull During the day the land heats faster then the water becoming warmer then the water
bull The hot air above land become less dense and rises
bull The cool air above the water will become more dense and sink
bull This pattern causes cool air from the water over to blow over the land
bull At night the land cools faster then the water the land will become colder then the water
bull This cold air above land will become more dense and sink
bull The hot air above the water will become less dense and rise
bull This pattern causes cool air from the land to blow over the water 6 minute lecture convection current sea breeze and land breeze
httpwwwbingcomvideossearchq=land+breeze+sea+breeze+videoampFORM=VIRE11view=detailampmid=D95C8834DFF47CEDDE95D95C8834DFF47CEDDE95
2 minute video high pressure low pressurehttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=ZQV72Yzmjyc
bull Warm air with low density will rise creating an area of low air pressure
bull Cold air with high density will sink creating an area of high air pressure
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- What causes the seasons Quiz
- Seasons quiz continued
- Seasons quiz continued (2)
- Seasons quiz continued (3)
- Seasons quiz continued (4)
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- What causes the seasons
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- What causes the seasons Continued
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Using the solar demonstrator
- Is there a difference between GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE and GLOBA
- Weather Vs Climate
- Weather
- Why is the Earth the temperature it is
- The Greenhouse Effect
- 2 ways human activity is adding CO2 to the atmosphere
- DEFORESTATION The importance of plants
- What will an increase in global temperature averages do MORE
- Drier conditions in the Central US
- Farming
- A More Extreme Water Cycle will effect
- What will the increase in temperature cause
- Effecting the Oceans
- What can you do to reduce greenhouse gases
- The temperature on Earth has changed many times throughout itrsquos
- How do scientists know what the level of Carbon dioxide was in
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Overview of climate change epa
- Movement of air around earth
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to (2)
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-
Seasons quiz continued3 Planet Earth is closest to the Sun during the month of
a) Juneb) Januaryc) Augustd) Julye) Hah You cant fool me We are always the same distance
January 4 (91402237 miles) July 4 (94502778 miles) January 12 (91417000 miles) July 12 (94496000 miles) February 11 (91729000 miles) August 17 (94119000 miles) March 26 (92712000 miles) September 14 (93516000 miles) April 10 (93198000 miles) October 15 (92705000 miles) May 23 (94108000 miles) November 16 (91673000 miles) June 15 (94415000 miles) December 15 (91496000 miles)
Answer 3 (b) The Earth is actually closest to the Sun in JANUARY Check the chart of distances if you dont believe me
Seasons quiz continued
4 Seasons in the southern hemisphere are
a) Much more severe (hotter in summer colder in winter)b) Much milderc) Exactly the same times and duration as oursd) Opposite of those in the northern hemisphere
Answer 4 (d) The Southern Hemisphere has summer in December - February and winter in June - August exactly opposite to us in the Northern Hemisphere And when it is spring in the northern hemisphere it is autumn in the southern And when it is autumn in the northern hemisphere it is spring in the southern
Seasons quiz continued5 Summer for us in the northern hemisphere occurs because
a) The Earth is closest to the Sun during this seasonb) The Earth is tilted so that the Northern Hemisphere is closer to the Sun than the Southern Hemispherec) The Earth is tilted so that the Sun stays up higher in the sky exposing the Earth to more direct sunlight for longer periods of timed) There are fewer clouds and more sunny days
Answer 5 (c) Seasons result from the Earths tilt of 235deg which means that each hemisphere will alternately be tilted towards the Sun exposing the ground to more direct sunlight for longer periods Just because the planet is tilted with the northern hemisphere tilted toward the Sun does NOT mean that the northern hemisphere is appreciably closer to the Sun Recall that in July the entire planet is much farther from the Sun than it is in January
bull Show video youtubecom What causes the Earthrsquos seasons Ignite learning Has super excited narrator
bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=3eFqZWX8nTo
bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=WLRA87TKXLM 6 minutes
bull Difference between seasons Northern and Southern hemisphere photo
bull httpwwwwindowsucaredutourlink=the_universeutsseasons3html
bull httpwwwbrainpopcomscienceweatherseasons short video with diagram
What causes the seasonsbull Fact The Earths orbit is in the shape of an ellipse so that sometimes the Earth is a little bit closer
to the Sun than at other times bull Question Is this the cause of the seasons bull Answer NObull Question Why doesnrsquot this make sense Consider this imagine that if the seasons were caused by
the Earths orbit how would the seasons in the northern hemisphere compare to seasons in the southern hemisphere
bull Answer Earth close entire earth northern and southern hemisphere summer hotbull Earth Far entire earth northern and southern hemisphere winter cold bull Question Is this true on Earth Is the entire planet hot at the same time and cold at the same
time bull Answer No This is not the case
bull Questions How do the seasons really compare between the northern and southern hemisphere bull Answer Summer in the northern hemisphere occurs at the same time as winter in the south and
vice-versa It turns out that the Earths orbit is nearly perfectly circular and the difference between its closest point and its furthest point is very small In fact the Earth is furthest away from the Sun in June when it is summer in the northern hemisphere
httpwwwwindowsucaredutourlink=the_universeutsseasons2html
Website to explain seasons httpwwwwindowsucaredutourlink=the_universeutsseasons1htmlampedu=midampback=searchsearch_navigationhtml
What causes the seasons Continued
bull The Earth has seasons because it rotates on an axis that is tilted in its orbit That 235 degree tilt causes the different hemispheres to be at different angles to the sun at different times of the year
bull Because of the angle during winter the energy from the sun must travel through more atmosphere to reach the poles also a given amount of the sunrsquos energy is spread over a larger area
Climate zones are areas with distinct climates
The solar radiation reaches the ground on different parts of the Earth with different angles On the equator the sunlight reaches the ground almost perpendicularly whilst at the poles the angle of the Sun is lower or even under the horizon during the polar night
httpcontentmeteobluecomenmeteoscoolgeneral-climate-zones
There are 4 major climate zonesbullTropical zone from 0degndash235deg(between the tropics)
bull In the regions between the equator and the tropics (equatorial region) the solar radiation reaches the ground nearly vertically at noontime during almost the entire year Thereby it is very warm in these regions Through high temperatures more water evaporates and the air is often moist The resulting frequent and dense cloud cover reduces the effect of solar radiation on ground temperature
bullSubtropics from 235degndash40degbull The subtropics receive the highest radiation in summer since the Suns angle at noon is almost vertical to the
Earth whilst the cloud cover is relatively thin These regions receive less moisture (seetrade winds) what increases the effect of radiation Therefore most of the deserts in the world are situated in this zone In winter the radiation in these regions decreases significantly and it can temporarily be very cool and moist
bullTemperate zone from 40degndash60degbull In the temperate zone the solar radiation arrives with a smaller angle and the average temperatures here are
much cooler than in the subtropics The seasons and daylength differ significantly in the course of a year The climate is characterised by less frequent extremes a more regular distribution of the precipitation over the year and a longer vegetation period - therefore the name temperate
bullCold zone from 60degndash90degbull The polar areas between 60deg latitude and the poles receive less heat through solar radiation since the Sun
has a very flat angle toward the ground Because of the changes of the Earth axis angle to the Sun the daylength varies most in this zone In the summer polar days occur Vegetation is only possible during a few months per year and even then is often sparse The conditions for life in these regions are very hard
The characteristics of the climate zones change with great altitude differences within a small area like in mountain areas since temperatures decrease rapidly with altitude changing the climate compared to valleys
httpwwwlawrencehallofscienceorgpasspassv12PASSv12SolarMotionDemopdf
Background Questions
1 What does the metal brad represent 2 What does the black dot in the
middle of the compass rose represent
3 What is the latitude for Rhode Island 4 What is the latitude at the North
Pole 5 What is the latitude at the equator
417 deg N 715 deg WRhode Island Coordinates
Solar Demonstrator Activity
How to use solar demonstrator httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=ovC-HNH4Rr0
Using the solar demonstratorbull Test 1
1 Place the wheel at Rhode Islands Latitude Place the metal brad at the summer solstice and observe the path of the sun as it move from east to west across the sky
2 Move to the winter solstice and repeat3 QUESTION TEST 1 Describe the difference in the sunrsquos motion in the summer
versus the winter as seen from Rhode Island bull Test 2
1 Repeat but set the latitude near the equator2 QUESTION TEST 2 Describe the difference in the sunrsquos motion in the summer
versus the winter as seen from the equatorbull Test 3
1 Repeat but set the latitude near the north pole2 QUESTION TEST 3 Describe the difference in the sunrsquos motion in the summer
versus the winter as seen from the north pole
Final Question Describe how the solar demonstrators proves that the solar radiation differs between the equatorial regions temperate regions and polar regions
Is there a difference between GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE
and GLOBAL WARMING
NO they mean the same thing
The two terms refer to the same issue
The average global temperature is on the rise
Weather Vs Climate
bull Climate is what we expect weather is what we get ndash Mark Twain
bull Today helliphellipWEATHER is the temperature wind pressure precipitation at a given time in a given place
bull Over many years CLIMATE refers to the average weather conditions in a certain place
Weather
bull Climate in Rhode Island has a moist continental climate with four distinct seasons Its weather is tempered by sea winds particularly in the Seaboard Lowland which has a more moderate climate than the rest of New England The average annual temperature is about 50o F (10o C) in various parts of the state
Climate
httpwwwturnto10comweather
Why is the Earth the temperature it is bull The greenhouse effect greenhouse gases like water
vapor carbon dioxide and methane trap heat in the atmosphere keeping the Earth warm
httpwwwepagovclimatechangekidsbasicsindexhtml video 155
The Greenhouse Effect
Solar Radiation
Infrared radiation (heat)
On the diagram add the following labels Solar rays Infrared raysCarbon dioxide Heat escaping to spaceHeat bouncing off greenhouse gas to keep Earth warm
Carbon Dioxide
Heat escaping to space
Heat bouncing off greenhouse gas
2 ways human activity is adding CO2 to the atmosphere
Burning fossil fuels (coal oil natural gas)ndash This removes stored
carbon underground and releases it as gas
ndash Deforestation(killing trees faster then they can re-grow)
ndash Cutting down trees prevents them from taking CO2 out of the air
ndash Burning trees releases CO2 stored in the tree into the atmosphere
httpwwwfwccomimagesLowNoxCombustionSystems2jpg
httpblogwiredcomcarsimages20071213emissionsjpg
DEFORESTATION The importance of plants
bull Plants remove CO2 from the air in photosynthesis and store it as they grow
bull When plants and animals die some of the carbon will become fossil fuels under the surface of the earth
What will an increase in global temperature averages do MORE EXTREME WATER CYCLE
bull Coastal areas will have increased precipitation (rain snow)ndash More runoff ndash Increase in flooding
bull Areas away from the coast will have decreased precipitation ndash soils dry out ndash Droughtndash Less water in lakes and rivers
Drier conditions in the Central US
Who cares if it gets drier in the central US
Farming
bull Where is there more farming ndash A Exeter Rhode Island (home of Schartner Farms)
ndash B Colby Kansasndash See the Satellite Images of each ndash httpmapsgooglecommapshl=enamptab=wlampq=
exeter2C20Rhode20Islandndash httpmapsgooglecommaps
hl=enamptab=wlampq=exeter2C20Rhode20Island
bull Plantsbull Animalsbull Humans
A More Extreme Water Cycle will effect
What will the increase in temperature cause
bull Increased drought in some placesndash This could affect food supply
bull Increased flooding in some placesndash The highest human populations are along the coast
bull Populations of plants and animals may not be able to survive a change in their habitat they may become extinct ndash This may affect other organisms in the food webndash Entire ecosystems could change
Effecting the Oceansbull Changing Climate Means Changing Oceans
httpwwwnprorg20110121133117332changing-climate-means-changing-oceans Science Friday Jan 2011
bull Ocean water is becoming more acidic ndash httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=lIBTuJqPHIkampfeature=player_detailpage you tube ocean acidification NBC 321ndash A change of pH causes shelled organisms to be less able to produce shell this will change food webs ndash httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=Wo-bHt1bOsw chemistry of ocean acidication 3 minutes
bull ocean circulation patterns changingbull fisheries corals plankton shellfish changing bull Sea level is rising because 1) polar ice and
glaciers are melting and 2) the water itself is expanding as it warms up
What can you do to reduce greenhouse gases
Use less coal oil and natural gas for energy bull Turn off the lights when you leave a room bull Turn off your computer and other electronic devices when
youre not using them bull Drive less Instead walk ride your bike or use public
transportation if you can bull Use less water bull Create less waste bull Recycle used paper cans bottles and other materials
The temperature on Earth has changed many times throughout itrsquos history whatrsquos the big deal
bull The temperature is changing fast
bull Human activity is causing the change
Scientists can compare the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere today with the amount of carbon dioxide trapped in ancient ice cores which show that the atmosphere had less carbon dioxide in the past Source EPAs Climate Change Indicators (2010)
How do scientists know what the level of Carbon dioxide was in the distant past
One way is analyzing ICE CORESbull Video about ice cores httpserccarletonedueslabscryosphere4bhtml 231bull httpwwwnhmacuknature-onlineenvironmental-changemeasuring-climate-changeice-cor
es ice core scientists shows how to drill ice 221
Bubbles in ice recovered by drilling from deep within the Greenland Ice Sheet These bubbles are samples of pastatmospheres
Ancient ice contains climate information1) Bubbles trap the atmosphere
when that layer of ice was formed
2) Thickness of the layers can be seen indicating each year of ice formation
Figure 67 A Greenland ice core
EA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of Global Warmingand Our Energy Future Columbia University Press Source NOAA
Figure 83 The shrinking extent of old thick sea ice in the Arctic September 1988-September 2005 The area of old thick ice has been rapidly shrinking as the resultof prolonged melting and flow of ice out of the Arctic through the Fram Strait OW =open water The palegreen line encloses theregion of 90 iceconcentration
Ice free Arctic in summer soon
httpearthobservatorynasagovFeaturesLarsenIceShelf
Scientists had been observing theLarsen B for several years assumingthat it would eventually retreat But theywere stunned to see the ice shelfdisintegrate in a mere 35 days BetweenJanuary 31 and March 7 2002 the iceshelf lost 3250 square kilometers(about 1255 square miles) 1048754 an areasomewhat larger than Rhode Island 1048754sending a plume of icebergs into theWeddell Sea
Figure 101 The fuels used to produce all energy worldwide 2005Total global consumption of fuels in 2005 amounted to 488 exajoules(1018 joules) 87 of which was generated by fossil fuelsEA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of Global Warming and Our EnergyFuture Columbia University Press Data from Energy Information Agency DOE105
Figure 108 Renewable sources of power as proportions of total USelectric net summer capacity 2006The number in () are gigawatts of electrical capacity with correspondingpercentages of total capacity Biomass includes wood and derived fuels landfillgas municipal solid waste and agricultural by-products
Figure 109 Wind farmThe Maple Ridge WindFarm on the Tug HillPlateau in NY
EA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of GlobalWarming and Our Energy Future Columbia University PressSource National Renewable Energy Laboratory DOE
Overview of climate change epa
bull httpwwwepagovclimatechangekidsindexhtml ldquoclimate change basicsrdquo
Movement of air around earth
The movement of heat is called heat transfer Describe the heat transfer between a contain of hot water and air bull Hot water transfers heat energy to air
causing the air temperature to increaseDescribe the heat transfer between a container of ice and air bull Air transfers heat energy to ice causing
the air temperature to decrease
How does air above a hot surface move bull It will rise because hot air will
become less dense then the air around it Causing low air pressure
How does air above a cold surface move bull It will sink because it will be more
dense then air around it Causing high air pressure
a) What happens when air of the same temperature and humidity collide bull The air did not move much because the
air has similar densitiesB) What happens with air with different temperature and humidity collide bull The air in the cold tube sank the air in
the hot tube rose forming moving circulating air
C) Under what conditions do winds and rotating storms form bull Winds and storms form when air of
different temperature and therefore density meet
Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air Then in the space below explain why the air moves like this
When high pressure air meets low pressure air it forms windsThe air in the
cold tube became more dense forming high air pressure and sank
The air in the hot tube became less dense forming low air pressure and rose forming moving circulating air
Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air
The air in the cold tube became _More_dense forming __High___ air pressure and moved __Down_______
The air in the hot tube became _Less___dense forming _Low____ air pressure and it moved __up_______
Draw smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air
Question Would you expect wind to be formed in the air of set up A or B Why Wind will be formed in Set up A because two air masses of different temperatureor pressure are meeting
Set up ldquoArdquo Set up ldquoBrdquo
Convection Tube Quiz name _______________________
LAND and WATER Heat and Cool at different ratesAnalyze the following incomplete graph
Where do the following labels belong soil water time temperature time when heat turned off
Question 1) define convection movement of heat through air or water Warm air rises it expands and cools Cold air moves in to replace the rising warm air The cool air will then be heated and rise too 2) When is the land warming up faster than water During the dayWhat is warm airs density _low density______
3) Describe how the color of the ground can cause local winds Dark soils heat faster then light colored soil green fields forests Air above dark colored ground will rise to be replaced by cool air from the forests or fields
4) If the earth didnrsquot rotate describe what the global wind patterns would be like The earth would have 2 giant convection currents From the cold north and south poles the air would become dense and sink moving toward the equator then heat and rising moving back to the pole 5) Since the earth does rotate causing the Coriolis Effect how many different patterns of wind convection currents are there in the northern hemisphere 3 What are they called The easterlies move from the east to the west The westerlies move from the west to the east The trade winds move from the east to the west 6) What happens where the Westerlies meet the Easterlies in North America Weather changes are common where the two air masses meet
7) Draw the earth with arrows showing the predominant winds and label their names
bull During the day the land heats faster then the water becoming warmer then the water
bull The hot air above land become less dense and rises
bull The cool air above the water will become more dense and sink
bull This pattern causes cool air from the water over to blow over the land
bull At night the land cools faster then the water the land will become colder then the water
bull This cold air above land will become more dense and sink
bull The hot air above the water will become less dense and rise
bull This pattern causes cool air from the land to blow over the water 6 minute lecture convection current sea breeze and land breeze
httpwwwbingcomvideossearchq=land+breeze+sea+breeze+videoampFORM=VIRE11view=detailampmid=D95C8834DFF47CEDDE95D95C8834DFF47CEDDE95
2 minute video high pressure low pressurehttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=ZQV72Yzmjyc
bull Warm air with low density will rise creating an area of low air pressure
bull Cold air with high density will sink creating an area of high air pressure
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- What causes the seasons Quiz
- Seasons quiz continued
- Seasons quiz continued (2)
- Seasons quiz continued (3)
- Seasons quiz continued (4)
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- What causes the seasons
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- What causes the seasons Continued
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Using the solar demonstrator
- Is there a difference between GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE and GLOBA
- Weather Vs Climate
- Weather
- Why is the Earth the temperature it is
- The Greenhouse Effect
- 2 ways human activity is adding CO2 to the atmosphere
- DEFORESTATION The importance of plants
- What will an increase in global temperature averages do MORE
- Drier conditions in the Central US
- Farming
- A More Extreme Water Cycle will effect
- What will the increase in temperature cause
- Effecting the Oceans
- What can you do to reduce greenhouse gases
- The temperature on Earth has changed many times throughout itrsquos
- How do scientists know what the level of Carbon dioxide was in
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Overview of climate change epa
- Movement of air around earth
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to (2)
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-
Seasons quiz continued
4 Seasons in the southern hemisphere are
a) Much more severe (hotter in summer colder in winter)b) Much milderc) Exactly the same times and duration as oursd) Opposite of those in the northern hemisphere
Answer 4 (d) The Southern Hemisphere has summer in December - February and winter in June - August exactly opposite to us in the Northern Hemisphere And when it is spring in the northern hemisphere it is autumn in the southern And when it is autumn in the northern hemisphere it is spring in the southern
Seasons quiz continued5 Summer for us in the northern hemisphere occurs because
a) The Earth is closest to the Sun during this seasonb) The Earth is tilted so that the Northern Hemisphere is closer to the Sun than the Southern Hemispherec) The Earth is tilted so that the Sun stays up higher in the sky exposing the Earth to more direct sunlight for longer periods of timed) There are fewer clouds and more sunny days
Answer 5 (c) Seasons result from the Earths tilt of 235deg which means that each hemisphere will alternately be tilted towards the Sun exposing the ground to more direct sunlight for longer periods Just because the planet is tilted with the northern hemisphere tilted toward the Sun does NOT mean that the northern hemisphere is appreciably closer to the Sun Recall that in July the entire planet is much farther from the Sun than it is in January
bull Show video youtubecom What causes the Earthrsquos seasons Ignite learning Has super excited narrator
bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=3eFqZWX8nTo
bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=WLRA87TKXLM 6 minutes
bull Difference between seasons Northern and Southern hemisphere photo
bull httpwwwwindowsucaredutourlink=the_universeutsseasons3html
bull httpwwwbrainpopcomscienceweatherseasons short video with diagram
What causes the seasonsbull Fact The Earths orbit is in the shape of an ellipse so that sometimes the Earth is a little bit closer
to the Sun than at other times bull Question Is this the cause of the seasons bull Answer NObull Question Why doesnrsquot this make sense Consider this imagine that if the seasons were caused by
the Earths orbit how would the seasons in the northern hemisphere compare to seasons in the southern hemisphere
bull Answer Earth close entire earth northern and southern hemisphere summer hotbull Earth Far entire earth northern and southern hemisphere winter cold bull Question Is this true on Earth Is the entire planet hot at the same time and cold at the same
time bull Answer No This is not the case
bull Questions How do the seasons really compare between the northern and southern hemisphere bull Answer Summer in the northern hemisphere occurs at the same time as winter in the south and
vice-versa It turns out that the Earths orbit is nearly perfectly circular and the difference between its closest point and its furthest point is very small In fact the Earth is furthest away from the Sun in June when it is summer in the northern hemisphere
httpwwwwindowsucaredutourlink=the_universeutsseasons2html
Website to explain seasons httpwwwwindowsucaredutourlink=the_universeutsseasons1htmlampedu=midampback=searchsearch_navigationhtml
What causes the seasons Continued
bull The Earth has seasons because it rotates on an axis that is tilted in its orbit That 235 degree tilt causes the different hemispheres to be at different angles to the sun at different times of the year
bull Because of the angle during winter the energy from the sun must travel through more atmosphere to reach the poles also a given amount of the sunrsquos energy is spread over a larger area
Climate zones are areas with distinct climates
The solar radiation reaches the ground on different parts of the Earth with different angles On the equator the sunlight reaches the ground almost perpendicularly whilst at the poles the angle of the Sun is lower or even under the horizon during the polar night
httpcontentmeteobluecomenmeteoscoolgeneral-climate-zones
There are 4 major climate zonesbullTropical zone from 0degndash235deg(between the tropics)
bull In the regions between the equator and the tropics (equatorial region) the solar radiation reaches the ground nearly vertically at noontime during almost the entire year Thereby it is very warm in these regions Through high temperatures more water evaporates and the air is often moist The resulting frequent and dense cloud cover reduces the effect of solar radiation on ground temperature
bullSubtropics from 235degndash40degbull The subtropics receive the highest radiation in summer since the Suns angle at noon is almost vertical to the
Earth whilst the cloud cover is relatively thin These regions receive less moisture (seetrade winds) what increases the effect of radiation Therefore most of the deserts in the world are situated in this zone In winter the radiation in these regions decreases significantly and it can temporarily be very cool and moist
bullTemperate zone from 40degndash60degbull In the temperate zone the solar radiation arrives with a smaller angle and the average temperatures here are
much cooler than in the subtropics The seasons and daylength differ significantly in the course of a year The climate is characterised by less frequent extremes a more regular distribution of the precipitation over the year and a longer vegetation period - therefore the name temperate
bullCold zone from 60degndash90degbull The polar areas between 60deg latitude and the poles receive less heat through solar radiation since the Sun
has a very flat angle toward the ground Because of the changes of the Earth axis angle to the Sun the daylength varies most in this zone In the summer polar days occur Vegetation is only possible during a few months per year and even then is often sparse The conditions for life in these regions are very hard
The characteristics of the climate zones change with great altitude differences within a small area like in mountain areas since temperatures decrease rapidly with altitude changing the climate compared to valleys
httpwwwlawrencehallofscienceorgpasspassv12PASSv12SolarMotionDemopdf
Background Questions
1 What does the metal brad represent 2 What does the black dot in the
middle of the compass rose represent
3 What is the latitude for Rhode Island 4 What is the latitude at the North
Pole 5 What is the latitude at the equator
417 deg N 715 deg WRhode Island Coordinates
Solar Demonstrator Activity
How to use solar demonstrator httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=ovC-HNH4Rr0
Using the solar demonstratorbull Test 1
1 Place the wheel at Rhode Islands Latitude Place the metal brad at the summer solstice and observe the path of the sun as it move from east to west across the sky
2 Move to the winter solstice and repeat3 QUESTION TEST 1 Describe the difference in the sunrsquos motion in the summer
versus the winter as seen from Rhode Island bull Test 2
1 Repeat but set the latitude near the equator2 QUESTION TEST 2 Describe the difference in the sunrsquos motion in the summer
versus the winter as seen from the equatorbull Test 3
1 Repeat but set the latitude near the north pole2 QUESTION TEST 3 Describe the difference in the sunrsquos motion in the summer
versus the winter as seen from the north pole
Final Question Describe how the solar demonstrators proves that the solar radiation differs between the equatorial regions temperate regions and polar regions
Is there a difference between GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE
and GLOBAL WARMING
NO they mean the same thing
The two terms refer to the same issue
The average global temperature is on the rise
Weather Vs Climate
bull Climate is what we expect weather is what we get ndash Mark Twain
bull Today helliphellipWEATHER is the temperature wind pressure precipitation at a given time in a given place
bull Over many years CLIMATE refers to the average weather conditions in a certain place
Weather
bull Climate in Rhode Island has a moist continental climate with four distinct seasons Its weather is tempered by sea winds particularly in the Seaboard Lowland which has a more moderate climate than the rest of New England The average annual temperature is about 50o F (10o C) in various parts of the state
Climate
httpwwwturnto10comweather
Why is the Earth the temperature it is bull The greenhouse effect greenhouse gases like water
vapor carbon dioxide and methane trap heat in the atmosphere keeping the Earth warm
httpwwwepagovclimatechangekidsbasicsindexhtml video 155
The Greenhouse Effect
Solar Radiation
Infrared radiation (heat)
On the diagram add the following labels Solar rays Infrared raysCarbon dioxide Heat escaping to spaceHeat bouncing off greenhouse gas to keep Earth warm
Carbon Dioxide
Heat escaping to space
Heat bouncing off greenhouse gas
2 ways human activity is adding CO2 to the atmosphere
Burning fossil fuels (coal oil natural gas)ndash This removes stored
carbon underground and releases it as gas
ndash Deforestation(killing trees faster then they can re-grow)
ndash Cutting down trees prevents them from taking CO2 out of the air
ndash Burning trees releases CO2 stored in the tree into the atmosphere
httpwwwfwccomimagesLowNoxCombustionSystems2jpg
httpblogwiredcomcarsimages20071213emissionsjpg
DEFORESTATION The importance of plants
bull Plants remove CO2 from the air in photosynthesis and store it as they grow
bull When plants and animals die some of the carbon will become fossil fuels under the surface of the earth
What will an increase in global temperature averages do MORE EXTREME WATER CYCLE
bull Coastal areas will have increased precipitation (rain snow)ndash More runoff ndash Increase in flooding
bull Areas away from the coast will have decreased precipitation ndash soils dry out ndash Droughtndash Less water in lakes and rivers
Drier conditions in the Central US
Who cares if it gets drier in the central US
Farming
bull Where is there more farming ndash A Exeter Rhode Island (home of Schartner Farms)
ndash B Colby Kansasndash See the Satellite Images of each ndash httpmapsgooglecommapshl=enamptab=wlampq=
exeter2C20Rhode20Islandndash httpmapsgooglecommaps
hl=enamptab=wlampq=exeter2C20Rhode20Island
bull Plantsbull Animalsbull Humans
A More Extreme Water Cycle will effect
What will the increase in temperature cause
bull Increased drought in some placesndash This could affect food supply
bull Increased flooding in some placesndash The highest human populations are along the coast
bull Populations of plants and animals may not be able to survive a change in their habitat they may become extinct ndash This may affect other organisms in the food webndash Entire ecosystems could change
Effecting the Oceansbull Changing Climate Means Changing Oceans
httpwwwnprorg20110121133117332changing-climate-means-changing-oceans Science Friday Jan 2011
bull Ocean water is becoming more acidic ndash httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=lIBTuJqPHIkampfeature=player_detailpage you tube ocean acidification NBC 321ndash A change of pH causes shelled organisms to be less able to produce shell this will change food webs ndash httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=Wo-bHt1bOsw chemistry of ocean acidication 3 minutes
bull ocean circulation patterns changingbull fisheries corals plankton shellfish changing bull Sea level is rising because 1) polar ice and
glaciers are melting and 2) the water itself is expanding as it warms up
What can you do to reduce greenhouse gases
Use less coal oil and natural gas for energy bull Turn off the lights when you leave a room bull Turn off your computer and other electronic devices when
youre not using them bull Drive less Instead walk ride your bike or use public
transportation if you can bull Use less water bull Create less waste bull Recycle used paper cans bottles and other materials
The temperature on Earth has changed many times throughout itrsquos history whatrsquos the big deal
bull The temperature is changing fast
bull Human activity is causing the change
Scientists can compare the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere today with the amount of carbon dioxide trapped in ancient ice cores which show that the atmosphere had less carbon dioxide in the past Source EPAs Climate Change Indicators (2010)
How do scientists know what the level of Carbon dioxide was in the distant past
One way is analyzing ICE CORESbull Video about ice cores httpserccarletonedueslabscryosphere4bhtml 231bull httpwwwnhmacuknature-onlineenvironmental-changemeasuring-climate-changeice-cor
es ice core scientists shows how to drill ice 221
Bubbles in ice recovered by drilling from deep within the Greenland Ice Sheet These bubbles are samples of pastatmospheres
Ancient ice contains climate information1) Bubbles trap the atmosphere
when that layer of ice was formed
2) Thickness of the layers can be seen indicating each year of ice formation
Figure 67 A Greenland ice core
EA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of Global Warmingand Our Energy Future Columbia University Press Source NOAA
Figure 83 The shrinking extent of old thick sea ice in the Arctic September 1988-September 2005 The area of old thick ice has been rapidly shrinking as the resultof prolonged melting and flow of ice out of the Arctic through the Fram Strait OW =open water The palegreen line encloses theregion of 90 iceconcentration
Ice free Arctic in summer soon
httpearthobservatorynasagovFeaturesLarsenIceShelf
Scientists had been observing theLarsen B for several years assumingthat it would eventually retreat But theywere stunned to see the ice shelfdisintegrate in a mere 35 days BetweenJanuary 31 and March 7 2002 the iceshelf lost 3250 square kilometers(about 1255 square miles) 1048754 an areasomewhat larger than Rhode Island 1048754sending a plume of icebergs into theWeddell Sea
Figure 101 The fuels used to produce all energy worldwide 2005Total global consumption of fuels in 2005 amounted to 488 exajoules(1018 joules) 87 of which was generated by fossil fuelsEA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of Global Warming and Our EnergyFuture Columbia University Press Data from Energy Information Agency DOE105
Figure 108 Renewable sources of power as proportions of total USelectric net summer capacity 2006The number in () are gigawatts of electrical capacity with correspondingpercentages of total capacity Biomass includes wood and derived fuels landfillgas municipal solid waste and agricultural by-products
Figure 109 Wind farmThe Maple Ridge WindFarm on the Tug HillPlateau in NY
EA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of GlobalWarming and Our Energy Future Columbia University PressSource National Renewable Energy Laboratory DOE
Overview of climate change epa
bull httpwwwepagovclimatechangekidsindexhtml ldquoclimate change basicsrdquo
Movement of air around earth
The movement of heat is called heat transfer Describe the heat transfer between a contain of hot water and air bull Hot water transfers heat energy to air
causing the air temperature to increaseDescribe the heat transfer between a container of ice and air bull Air transfers heat energy to ice causing
the air temperature to decrease
How does air above a hot surface move bull It will rise because hot air will
become less dense then the air around it Causing low air pressure
How does air above a cold surface move bull It will sink because it will be more
dense then air around it Causing high air pressure
a) What happens when air of the same temperature and humidity collide bull The air did not move much because the
air has similar densitiesB) What happens with air with different temperature and humidity collide bull The air in the cold tube sank the air in
the hot tube rose forming moving circulating air
C) Under what conditions do winds and rotating storms form bull Winds and storms form when air of
different temperature and therefore density meet
Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air Then in the space below explain why the air moves like this
When high pressure air meets low pressure air it forms windsThe air in the
cold tube became more dense forming high air pressure and sank
The air in the hot tube became less dense forming low air pressure and rose forming moving circulating air
Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air
The air in the cold tube became _More_dense forming __High___ air pressure and moved __Down_______
The air in the hot tube became _Less___dense forming _Low____ air pressure and it moved __up_______
Draw smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air
Question Would you expect wind to be formed in the air of set up A or B Why Wind will be formed in Set up A because two air masses of different temperatureor pressure are meeting
Set up ldquoArdquo Set up ldquoBrdquo
Convection Tube Quiz name _______________________
LAND and WATER Heat and Cool at different ratesAnalyze the following incomplete graph
Where do the following labels belong soil water time temperature time when heat turned off
Question 1) define convection movement of heat through air or water Warm air rises it expands and cools Cold air moves in to replace the rising warm air The cool air will then be heated and rise too 2) When is the land warming up faster than water During the dayWhat is warm airs density _low density______
3) Describe how the color of the ground can cause local winds Dark soils heat faster then light colored soil green fields forests Air above dark colored ground will rise to be replaced by cool air from the forests or fields
4) If the earth didnrsquot rotate describe what the global wind patterns would be like The earth would have 2 giant convection currents From the cold north and south poles the air would become dense and sink moving toward the equator then heat and rising moving back to the pole 5) Since the earth does rotate causing the Coriolis Effect how many different patterns of wind convection currents are there in the northern hemisphere 3 What are they called The easterlies move from the east to the west The westerlies move from the west to the east The trade winds move from the east to the west 6) What happens where the Westerlies meet the Easterlies in North America Weather changes are common where the two air masses meet
7) Draw the earth with arrows showing the predominant winds and label their names
bull During the day the land heats faster then the water becoming warmer then the water
bull The hot air above land become less dense and rises
bull The cool air above the water will become more dense and sink
bull This pattern causes cool air from the water over to blow over the land
bull At night the land cools faster then the water the land will become colder then the water
bull This cold air above land will become more dense and sink
bull The hot air above the water will become less dense and rise
bull This pattern causes cool air from the land to blow over the water 6 minute lecture convection current sea breeze and land breeze
httpwwwbingcomvideossearchq=land+breeze+sea+breeze+videoampFORM=VIRE11view=detailampmid=D95C8834DFF47CEDDE95D95C8834DFF47CEDDE95
2 minute video high pressure low pressurehttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=ZQV72Yzmjyc
bull Warm air with low density will rise creating an area of low air pressure
bull Cold air with high density will sink creating an area of high air pressure
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- What causes the seasons Quiz
- Seasons quiz continued
- Seasons quiz continued (2)
- Seasons quiz continued (3)
- Seasons quiz continued (4)
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- What causes the seasons
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- What causes the seasons Continued
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Using the solar demonstrator
- Is there a difference between GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE and GLOBA
- Weather Vs Climate
- Weather
- Why is the Earth the temperature it is
- The Greenhouse Effect
- 2 ways human activity is adding CO2 to the atmosphere
- DEFORESTATION The importance of plants
- What will an increase in global temperature averages do MORE
- Drier conditions in the Central US
- Farming
- A More Extreme Water Cycle will effect
- What will the increase in temperature cause
- Effecting the Oceans
- What can you do to reduce greenhouse gases
- The temperature on Earth has changed many times throughout itrsquos
- How do scientists know what the level of Carbon dioxide was in
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Overview of climate change epa
- Movement of air around earth
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to (2)
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-
Seasons quiz continued5 Summer for us in the northern hemisphere occurs because
a) The Earth is closest to the Sun during this seasonb) The Earth is tilted so that the Northern Hemisphere is closer to the Sun than the Southern Hemispherec) The Earth is tilted so that the Sun stays up higher in the sky exposing the Earth to more direct sunlight for longer periods of timed) There are fewer clouds and more sunny days
Answer 5 (c) Seasons result from the Earths tilt of 235deg which means that each hemisphere will alternately be tilted towards the Sun exposing the ground to more direct sunlight for longer periods Just because the planet is tilted with the northern hemisphere tilted toward the Sun does NOT mean that the northern hemisphere is appreciably closer to the Sun Recall that in July the entire planet is much farther from the Sun than it is in January
bull Show video youtubecom What causes the Earthrsquos seasons Ignite learning Has super excited narrator
bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=3eFqZWX8nTo
bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=WLRA87TKXLM 6 minutes
bull Difference between seasons Northern and Southern hemisphere photo
bull httpwwwwindowsucaredutourlink=the_universeutsseasons3html
bull httpwwwbrainpopcomscienceweatherseasons short video with diagram
What causes the seasonsbull Fact The Earths orbit is in the shape of an ellipse so that sometimes the Earth is a little bit closer
to the Sun than at other times bull Question Is this the cause of the seasons bull Answer NObull Question Why doesnrsquot this make sense Consider this imagine that if the seasons were caused by
the Earths orbit how would the seasons in the northern hemisphere compare to seasons in the southern hemisphere
bull Answer Earth close entire earth northern and southern hemisphere summer hotbull Earth Far entire earth northern and southern hemisphere winter cold bull Question Is this true on Earth Is the entire planet hot at the same time and cold at the same
time bull Answer No This is not the case
bull Questions How do the seasons really compare between the northern and southern hemisphere bull Answer Summer in the northern hemisphere occurs at the same time as winter in the south and
vice-versa It turns out that the Earths orbit is nearly perfectly circular and the difference between its closest point and its furthest point is very small In fact the Earth is furthest away from the Sun in June when it is summer in the northern hemisphere
httpwwwwindowsucaredutourlink=the_universeutsseasons2html
Website to explain seasons httpwwwwindowsucaredutourlink=the_universeutsseasons1htmlampedu=midampback=searchsearch_navigationhtml
What causes the seasons Continued
bull The Earth has seasons because it rotates on an axis that is tilted in its orbit That 235 degree tilt causes the different hemispheres to be at different angles to the sun at different times of the year
bull Because of the angle during winter the energy from the sun must travel through more atmosphere to reach the poles also a given amount of the sunrsquos energy is spread over a larger area
Climate zones are areas with distinct climates
The solar radiation reaches the ground on different parts of the Earth with different angles On the equator the sunlight reaches the ground almost perpendicularly whilst at the poles the angle of the Sun is lower or even under the horizon during the polar night
httpcontentmeteobluecomenmeteoscoolgeneral-climate-zones
There are 4 major climate zonesbullTropical zone from 0degndash235deg(between the tropics)
bull In the regions between the equator and the tropics (equatorial region) the solar radiation reaches the ground nearly vertically at noontime during almost the entire year Thereby it is very warm in these regions Through high temperatures more water evaporates and the air is often moist The resulting frequent and dense cloud cover reduces the effect of solar radiation on ground temperature
bullSubtropics from 235degndash40degbull The subtropics receive the highest radiation in summer since the Suns angle at noon is almost vertical to the
Earth whilst the cloud cover is relatively thin These regions receive less moisture (seetrade winds) what increases the effect of radiation Therefore most of the deserts in the world are situated in this zone In winter the radiation in these regions decreases significantly and it can temporarily be very cool and moist
bullTemperate zone from 40degndash60degbull In the temperate zone the solar radiation arrives with a smaller angle and the average temperatures here are
much cooler than in the subtropics The seasons and daylength differ significantly in the course of a year The climate is characterised by less frequent extremes a more regular distribution of the precipitation over the year and a longer vegetation period - therefore the name temperate
bullCold zone from 60degndash90degbull The polar areas between 60deg latitude and the poles receive less heat through solar radiation since the Sun
has a very flat angle toward the ground Because of the changes of the Earth axis angle to the Sun the daylength varies most in this zone In the summer polar days occur Vegetation is only possible during a few months per year and even then is often sparse The conditions for life in these regions are very hard
The characteristics of the climate zones change with great altitude differences within a small area like in mountain areas since temperatures decrease rapidly with altitude changing the climate compared to valleys
httpwwwlawrencehallofscienceorgpasspassv12PASSv12SolarMotionDemopdf
Background Questions
1 What does the metal brad represent 2 What does the black dot in the
middle of the compass rose represent
3 What is the latitude for Rhode Island 4 What is the latitude at the North
Pole 5 What is the latitude at the equator
417 deg N 715 deg WRhode Island Coordinates
Solar Demonstrator Activity
How to use solar demonstrator httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=ovC-HNH4Rr0
Using the solar demonstratorbull Test 1
1 Place the wheel at Rhode Islands Latitude Place the metal brad at the summer solstice and observe the path of the sun as it move from east to west across the sky
2 Move to the winter solstice and repeat3 QUESTION TEST 1 Describe the difference in the sunrsquos motion in the summer
versus the winter as seen from Rhode Island bull Test 2
1 Repeat but set the latitude near the equator2 QUESTION TEST 2 Describe the difference in the sunrsquos motion in the summer
versus the winter as seen from the equatorbull Test 3
1 Repeat but set the latitude near the north pole2 QUESTION TEST 3 Describe the difference in the sunrsquos motion in the summer
versus the winter as seen from the north pole
Final Question Describe how the solar demonstrators proves that the solar radiation differs between the equatorial regions temperate regions and polar regions
Is there a difference between GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE
and GLOBAL WARMING
NO they mean the same thing
The two terms refer to the same issue
The average global temperature is on the rise
Weather Vs Climate
bull Climate is what we expect weather is what we get ndash Mark Twain
bull Today helliphellipWEATHER is the temperature wind pressure precipitation at a given time in a given place
bull Over many years CLIMATE refers to the average weather conditions in a certain place
Weather
bull Climate in Rhode Island has a moist continental climate with four distinct seasons Its weather is tempered by sea winds particularly in the Seaboard Lowland which has a more moderate climate than the rest of New England The average annual temperature is about 50o F (10o C) in various parts of the state
Climate
httpwwwturnto10comweather
Why is the Earth the temperature it is bull The greenhouse effect greenhouse gases like water
vapor carbon dioxide and methane trap heat in the atmosphere keeping the Earth warm
httpwwwepagovclimatechangekidsbasicsindexhtml video 155
The Greenhouse Effect
Solar Radiation
Infrared radiation (heat)
On the diagram add the following labels Solar rays Infrared raysCarbon dioxide Heat escaping to spaceHeat bouncing off greenhouse gas to keep Earth warm
Carbon Dioxide
Heat escaping to space
Heat bouncing off greenhouse gas
2 ways human activity is adding CO2 to the atmosphere
Burning fossil fuels (coal oil natural gas)ndash This removes stored
carbon underground and releases it as gas
ndash Deforestation(killing trees faster then they can re-grow)
ndash Cutting down trees prevents them from taking CO2 out of the air
ndash Burning trees releases CO2 stored in the tree into the atmosphere
httpwwwfwccomimagesLowNoxCombustionSystems2jpg
httpblogwiredcomcarsimages20071213emissionsjpg
DEFORESTATION The importance of plants
bull Plants remove CO2 from the air in photosynthesis and store it as they grow
bull When plants and animals die some of the carbon will become fossil fuels under the surface of the earth
What will an increase in global temperature averages do MORE EXTREME WATER CYCLE
bull Coastal areas will have increased precipitation (rain snow)ndash More runoff ndash Increase in flooding
bull Areas away from the coast will have decreased precipitation ndash soils dry out ndash Droughtndash Less water in lakes and rivers
Drier conditions in the Central US
Who cares if it gets drier in the central US
Farming
bull Where is there more farming ndash A Exeter Rhode Island (home of Schartner Farms)
ndash B Colby Kansasndash See the Satellite Images of each ndash httpmapsgooglecommapshl=enamptab=wlampq=
exeter2C20Rhode20Islandndash httpmapsgooglecommaps
hl=enamptab=wlampq=exeter2C20Rhode20Island
bull Plantsbull Animalsbull Humans
A More Extreme Water Cycle will effect
What will the increase in temperature cause
bull Increased drought in some placesndash This could affect food supply
bull Increased flooding in some placesndash The highest human populations are along the coast
bull Populations of plants and animals may not be able to survive a change in their habitat they may become extinct ndash This may affect other organisms in the food webndash Entire ecosystems could change
Effecting the Oceansbull Changing Climate Means Changing Oceans
httpwwwnprorg20110121133117332changing-climate-means-changing-oceans Science Friday Jan 2011
bull Ocean water is becoming more acidic ndash httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=lIBTuJqPHIkampfeature=player_detailpage you tube ocean acidification NBC 321ndash A change of pH causes shelled organisms to be less able to produce shell this will change food webs ndash httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=Wo-bHt1bOsw chemistry of ocean acidication 3 minutes
bull ocean circulation patterns changingbull fisheries corals plankton shellfish changing bull Sea level is rising because 1) polar ice and
glaciers are melting and 2) the water itself is expanding as it warms up
What can you do to reduce greenhouse gases
Use less coal oil and natural gas for energy bull Turn off the lights when you leave a room bull Turn off your computer and other electronic devices when
youre not using them bull Drive less Instead walk ride your bike or use public
transportation if you can bull Use less water bull Create less waste bull Recycle used paper cans bottles and other materials
The temperature on Earth has changed many times throughout itrsquos history whatrsquos the big deal
bull The temperature is changing fast
bull Human activity is causing the change
Scientists can compare the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere today with the amount of carbon dioxide trapped in ancient ice cores which show that the atmosphere had less carbon dioxide in the past Source EPAs Climate Change Indicators (2010)
How do scientists know what the level of Carbon dioxide was in the distant past
One way is analyzing ICE CORESbull Video about ice cores httpserccarletonedueslabscryosphere4bhtml 231bull httpwwwnhmacuknature-onlineenvironmental-changemeasuring-climate-changeice-cor
es ice core scientists shows how to drill ice 221
Bubbles in ice recovered by drilling from deep within the Greenland Ice Sheet These bubbles are samples of pastatmospheres
Ancient ice contains climate information1) Bubbles trap the atmosphere
when that layer of ice was formed
2) Thickness of the layers can be seen indicating each year of ice formation
Figure 67 A Greenland ice core
EA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of Global Warmingand Our Energy Future Columbia University Press Source NOAA
Figure 83 The shrinking extent of old thick sea ice in the Arctic September 1988-September 2005 The area of old thick ice has been rapidly shrinking as the resultof prolonged melting and flow of ice out of the Arctic through the Fram Strait OW =open water The palegreen line encloses theregion of 90 iceconcentration
Ice free Arctic in summer soon
httpearthobservatorynasagovFeaturesLarsenIceShelf
Scientists had been observing theLarsen B for several years assumingthat it would eventually retreat But theywere stunned to see the ice shelfdisintegrate in a mere 35 days BetweenJanuary 31 and March 7 2002 the iceshelf lost 3250 square kilometers(about 1255 square miles) 1048754 an areasomewhat larger than Rhode Island 1048754sending a plume of icebergs into theWeddell Sea
Figure 101 The fuels used to produce all energy worldwide 2005Total global consumption of fuels in 2005 amounted to 488 exajoules(1018 joules) 87 of which was generated by fossil fuelsEA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of Global Warming and Our EnergyFuture Columbia University Press Data from Energy Information Agency DOE105
Figure 108 Renewable sources of power as proportions of total USelectric net summer capacity 2006The number in () are gigawatts of electrical capacity with correspondingpercentages of total capacity Biomass includes wood and derived fuels landfillgas municipal solid waste and agricultural by-products
Figure 109 Wind farmThe Maple Ridge WindFarm on the Tug HillPlateau in NY
EA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of GlobalWarming and Our Energy Future Columbia University PressSource National Renewable Energy Laboratory DOE
Overview of climate change epa
bull httpwwwepagovclimatechangekidsindexhtml ldquoclimate change basicsrdquo
Movement of air around earth
The movement of heat is called heat transfer Describe the heat transfer between a contain of hot water and air bull Hot water transfers heat energy to air
causing the air temperature to increaseDescribe the heat transfer between a container of ice and air bull Air transfers heat energy to ice causing
the air temperature to decrease
How does air above a hot surface move bull It will rise because hot air will
become less dense then the air around it Causing low air pressure
How does air above a cold surface move bull It will sink because it will be more
dense then air around it Causing high air pressure
a) What happens when air of the same temperature and humidity collide bull The air did not move much because the
air has similar densitiesB) What happens with air with different temperature and humidity collide bull The air in the cold tube sank the air in
the hot tube rose forming moving circulating air
C) Under what conditions do winds and rotating storms form bull Winds and storms form when air of
different temperature and therefore density meet
Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air Then in the space below explain why the air moves like this
When high pressure air meets low pressure air it forms windsThe air in the
cold tube became more dense forming high air pressure and sank
The air in the hot tube became less dense forming low air pressure and rose forming moving circulating air
Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air
The air in the cold tube became _More_dense forming __High___ air pressure and moved __Down_______
The air in the hot tube became _Less___dense forming _Low____ air pressure and it moved __up_______
Draw smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air
Question Would you expect wind to be formed in the air of set up A or B Why Wind will be formed in Set up A because two air masses of different temperatureor pressure are meeting
Set up ldquoArdquo Set up ldquoBrdquo
Convection Tube Quiz name _______________________
LAND and WATER Heat and Cool at different ratesAnalyze the following incomplete graph
Where do the following labels belong soil water time temperature time when heat turned off
Question 1) define convection movement of heat through air or water Warm air rises it expands and cools Cold air moves in to replace the rising warm air The cool air will then be heated and rise too 2) When is the land warming up faster than water During the dayWhat is warm airs density _low density______
3) Describe how the color of the ground can cause local winds Dark soils heat faster then light colored soil green fields forests Air above dark colored ground will rise to be replaced by cool air from the forests or fields
4) If the earth didnrsquot rotate describe what the global wind patterns would be like The earth would have 2 giant convection currents From the cold north and south poles the air would become dense and sink moving toward the equator then heat and rising moving back to the pole 5) Since the earth does rotate causing the Coriolis Effect how many different patterns of wind convection currents are there in the northern hemisphere 3 What are they called The easterlies move from the east to the west The westerlies move from the west to the east The trade winds move from the east to the west 6) What happens where the Westerlies meet the Easterlies in North America Weather changes are common where the two air masses meet
7) Draw the earth with arrows showing the predominant winds and label their names
bull During the day the land heats faster then the water becoming warmer then the water
bull The hot air above land become less dense and rises
bull The cool air above the water will become more dense and sink
bull This pattern causes cool air from the water over to blow over the land
bull At night the land cools faster then the water the land will become colder then the water
bull This cold air above land will become more dense and sink
bull The hot air above the water will become less dense and rise
bull This pattern causes cool air from the land to blow over the water 6 minute lecture convection current sea breeze and land breeze
httpwwwbingcomvideossearchq=land+breeze+sea+breeze+videoampFORM=VIRE11view=detailampmid=D95C8834DFF47CEDDE95D95C8834DFF47CEDDE95
2 minute video high pressure low pressurehttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=ZQV72Yzmjyc
bull Warm air with low density will rise creating an area of low air pressure
bull Cold air with high density will sink creating an area of high air pressure
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- What causes the seasons Quiz
- Seasons quiz continued
- Seasons quiz continued (2)
- Seasons quiz continued (3)
- Seasons quiz continued (4)
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- What causes the seasons
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- What causes the seasons Continued
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Using the solar demonstrator
- Is there a difference between GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE and GLOBA
- Weather Vs Climate
- Weather
- Why is the Earth the temperature it is
- The Greenhouse Effect
- 2 ways human activity is adding CO2 to the atmosphere
- DEFORESTATION The importance of plants
- What will an increase in global temperature averages do MORE
- Drier conditions in the Central US
- Farming
- A More Extreme Water Cycle will effect
- What will the increase in temperature cause
- Effecting the Oceans
- What can you do to reduce greenhouse gases
- The temperature on Earth has changed many times throughout itrsquos
- How do scientists know what the level of Carbon dioxide was in
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Overview of climate change epa
- Movement of air around earth
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to (2)
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-
bull Show video youtubecom What causes the Earthrsquos seasons Ignite learning Has super excited narrator
bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=3eFqZWX8nTo
bull httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=WLRA87TKXLM 6 minutes
bull Difference between seasons Northern and Southern hemisphere photo
bull httpwwwwindowsucaredutourlink=the_universeutsseasons3html
bull httpwwwbrainpopcomscienceweatherseasons short video with diagram
What causes the seasonsbull Fact The Earths orbit is in the shape of an ellipse so that sometimes the Earth is a little bit closer
to the Sun than at other times bull Question Is this the cause of the seasons bull Answer NObull Question Why doesnrsquot this make sense Consider this imagine that if the seasons were caused by
the Earths orbit how would the seasons in the northern hemisphere compare to seasons in the southern hemisphere
bull Answer Earth close entire earth northern and southern hemisphere summer hotbull Earth Far entire earth northern and southern hemisphere winter cold bull Question Is this true on Earth Is the entire planet hot at the same time and cold at the same
time bull Answer No This is not the case
bull Questions How do the seasons really compare between the northern and southern hemisphere bull Answer Summer in the northern hemisphere occurs at the same time as winter in the south and
vice-versa It turns out that the Earths orbit is nearly perfectly circular and the difference between its closest point and its furthest point is very small In fact the Earth is furthest away from the Sun in June when it is summer in the northern hemisphere
httpwwwwindowsucaredutourlink=the_universeutsseasons2html
Website to explain seasons httpwwwwindowsucaredutourlink=the_universeutsseasons1htmlampedu=midampback=searchsearch_navigationhtml
What causes the seasons Continued
bull The Earth has seasons because it rotates on an axis that is tilted in its orbit That 235 degree tilt causes the different hemispheres to be at different angles to the sun at different times of the year
bull Because of the angle during winter the energy from the sun must travel through more atmosphere to reach the poles also a given amount of the sunrsquos energy is spread over a larger area
Climate zones are areas with distinct climates
The solar radiation reaches the ground on different parts of the Earth with different angles On the equator the sunlight reaches the ground almost perpendicularly whilst at the poles the angle of the Sun is lower or even under the horizon during the polar night
httpcontentmeteobluecomenmeteoscoolgeneral-climate-zones
There are 4 major climate zonesbullTropical zone from 0degndash235deg(between the tropics)
bull In the regions between the equator and the tropics (equatorial region) the solar radiation reaches the ground nearly vertically at noontime during almost the entire year Thereby it is very warm in these regions Through high temperatures more water evaporates and the air is often moist The resulting frequent and dense cloud cover reduces the effect of solar radiation on ground temperature
bullSubtropics from 235degndash40degbull The subtropics receive the highest radiation in summer since the Suns angle at noon is almost vertical to the
Earth whilst the cloud cover is relatively thin These regions receive less moisture (seetrade winds) what increases the effect of radiation Therefore most of the deserts in the world are situated in this zone In winter the radiation in these regions decreases significantly and it can temporarily be very cool and moist
bullTemperate zone from 40degndash60degbull In the temperate zone the solar radiation arrives with a smaller angle and the average temperatures here are
much cooler than in the subtropics The seasons and daylength differ significantly in the course of a year The climate is characterised by less frequent extremes a more regular distribution of the precipitation over the year and a longer vegetation period - therefore the name temperate
bullCold zone from 60degndash90degbull The polar areas between 60deg latitude and the poles receive less heat through solar radiation since the Sun
has a very flat angle toward the ground Because of the changes of the Earth axis angle to the Sun the daylength varies most in this zone In the summer polar days occur Vegetation is only possible during a few months per year and even then is often sparse The conditions for life in these regions are very hard
The characteristics of the climate zones change with great altitude differences within a small area like in mountain areas since temperatures decrease rapidly with altitude changing the climate compared to valleys
httpwwwlawrencehallofscienceorgpasspassv12PASSv12SolarMotionDemopdf
Background Questions
1 What does the metal brad represent 2 What does the black dot in the
middle of the compass rose represent
3 What is the latitude for Rhode Island 4 What is the latitude at the North
Pole 5 What is the latitude at the equator
417 deg N 715 deg WRhode Island Coordinates
Solar Demonstrator Activity
How to use solar demonstrator httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=ovC-HNH4Rr0
Using the solar demonstratorbull Test 1
1 Place the wheel at Rhode Islands Latitude Place the metal brad at the summer solstice and observe the path of the sun as it move from east to west across the sky
2 Move to the winter solstice and repeat3 QUESTION TEST 1 Describe the difference in the sunrsquos motion in the summer
versus the winter as seen from Rhode Island bull Test 2
1 Repeat but set the latitude near the equator2 QUESTION TEST 2 Describe the difference in the sunrsquos motion in the summer
versus the winter as seen from the equatorbull Test 3
1 Repeat but set the latitude near the north pole2 QUESTION TEST 3 Describe the difference in the sunrsquos motion in the summer
versus the winter as seen from the north pole
Final Question Describe how the solar demonstrators proves that the solar radiation differs between the equatorial regions temperate regions and polar regions
Is there a difference between GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE
and GLOBAL WARMING
NO they mean the same thing
The two terms refer to the same issue
The average global temperature is on the rise
Weather Vs Climate
bull Climate is what we expect weather is what we get ndash Mark Twain
bull Today helliphellipWEATHER is the temperature wind pressure precipitation at a given time in a given place
bull Over many years CLIMATE refers to the average weather conditions in a certain place
Weather
bull Climate in Rhode Island has a moist continental climate with four distinct seasons Its weather is tempered by sea winds particularly in the Seaboard Lowland which has a more moderate climate than the rest of New England The average annual temperature is about 50o F (10o C) in various parts of the state
Climate
httpwwwturnto10comweather
Why is the Earth the temperature it is bull The greenhouse effect greenhouse gases like water
vapor carbon dioxide and methane trap heat in the atmosphere keeping the Earth warm
httpwwwepagovclimatechangekidsbasicsindexhtml video 155
The Greenhouse Effect
Solar Radiation
Infrared radiation (heat)
On the diagram add the following labels Solar rays Infrared raysCarbon dioxide Heat escaping to spaceHeat bouncing off greenhouse gas to keep Earth warm
Carbon Dioxide
Heat escaping to space
Heat bouncing off greenhouse gas
2 ways human activity is adding CO2 to the atmosphere
Burning fossil fuels (coal oil natural gas)ndash This removes stored
carbon underground and releases it as gas
ndash Deforestation(killing trees faster then they can re-grow)
ndash Cutting down trees prevents them from taking CO2 out of the air
ndash Burning trees releases CO2 stored in the tree into the atmosphere
httpwwwfwccomimagesLowNoxCombustionSystems2jpg
httpblogwiredcomcarsimages20071213emissionsjpg
DEFORESTATION The importance of plants
bull Plants remove CO2 from the air in photosynthesis and store it as they grow
bull When plants and animals die some of the carbon will become fossil fuels under the surface of the earth
What will an increase in global temperature averages do MORE EXTREME WATER CYCLE
bull Coastal areas will have increased precipitation (rain snow)ndash More runoff ndash Increase in flooding
bull Areas away from the coast will have decreased precipitation ndash soils dry out ndash Droughtndash Less water in lakes and rivers
Drier conditions in the Central US
Who cares if it gets drier in the central US
Farming
bull Where is there more farming ndash A Exeter Rhode Island (home of Schartner Farms)
ndash B Colby Kansasndash See the Satellite Images of each ndash httpmapsgooglecommapshl=enamptab=wlampq=
exeter2C20Rhode20Islandndash httpmapsgooglecommaps
hl=enamptab=wlampq=exeter2C20Rhode20Island
bull Plantsbull Animalsbull Humans
A More Extreme Water Cycle will effect
What will the increase in temperature cause
bull Increased drought in some placesndash This could affect food supply
bull Increased flooding in some placesndash The highest human populations are along the coast
bull Populations of plants and animals may not be able to survive a change in their habitat they may become extinct ndash This may affect other organisms in the food webndash Entire ecosystems could change
Effecting the Oceansbull Changing Climate Means Changing Oceans
httpwwwnprorg20110121133117332changing-climate-means-changing-oceans Science Friday Jan 2011
bull Ocean water is becoming more acidic ndash httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=lIBTuJqPHIkampfeature=player_detailpage you tube ocean acidification NBC 321ndash A change of pH causes shelled organisms to be less able to produce shell this will change food webs ndash httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=Wo-bHt1bOsw chemistry of ocean acidication 3 minutes
bull ocean circulation patterns changingbull fisheries corals plankton shellfish changing bull Sea level is rising because 1) polar ice and
glaciers are melting and 2) the water itself is expanding as it warms up
What can you do to reduce greenhouse gases
Use less coal oil and natural gas for energy bull Turn off the lights when you leave a room bull Turn off your computer and other electronic devices when
youre not using them bull Drive less Instead walk ride your bike or use public
transportation if you can bull Use less water bull Create less waste bull Recycle used paper cans bottles and other materials
The temperature on Earth has changed many times throughout itrsquos history whatrsquos the big deal
bull The temperature is changing fast
bull Human activity is causing the change
Scientists can compare the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere today with the amount of carbon dioxide trapped in ancient ice cores which show that the atmosphere had less carbon dioxide in the past Source EPAs Climate Change Indicators (2010)
How do scientists know what the level of Carbon dioxide was in the distant past
One way is analyzing ICE CORESbull Video about ice cores httpserccarletonedueslabscryosphere4bhtml 231bull httpwwwnhmacuknature-onlineenvironmental-changemeasuring-climate-changeice-cor
es ice core scientists shows how to drill ice 221
Bubbles in ice recovered by drilling from deep within the Greenland Ice Sheet These bubbles are samples of pastatmospheres
Ancient ice contains climate information1) Bubbles trap the atmosphere
when that layer of ice was formed
2) Thickness of the layers can be seen indicating each year of ice formation
Figure 67 A Greenland ice core
EA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of Global Warmingand Our Energy Future Columbia University Press Source NOAA
Figure 83 The shrinking extent of old thick sea ice in the Arctic September 1988-September 2005 The area of old thick ice has been rapidly shrinking as the resultof prolonged melting and flow of ice out of the Arctic through the Fram Strait OW =open water The palegreen line encloses theregion of 90 iceconcentration
Ice free Arctic in summer soon
httpearthobservatorynasagovFeaturesLarsenIceShelf
Scientists had been observing theLarsen B for several years assumingthat it would eventually retreat But theywere stunned to see the ice shelfdisintegrate in a mere 35 days BetweenJanuary 31 and March 7 2002 the iceshelf lost 3250 square kilometers(about 1255 square miles) 1048754 an areasomewhat larger than Rhode Island 1048754sending a plume of icebergs into theWeddell Sea
Figure 101 The fuels used to produce all energy worldwide 2005Total global consumption of fuels in 2005 amounted to 488 exajoules(1018 joules) 87 of which was generated by fossil fuelsEA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of Global Warming and Our EnergyFuture Columbia University Press Data from Energy Information Agency DOE105
Figure 108 Renewable sources of power as proportions of total USelectric net summer capacity 2006The number in () are gigawatts of electrical capacity with correspondingpercentages of total capacity Biomass includes wood and derived fuels landfillgas municipal solid waste and agricultural by-products
Figure 109 Wind farmThe Maple Ridge WindFarm on the Tug HillPlateau in NY
EA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of GlobalWarming and Our Energy Future Columbia University PressSource National Renewable Energy Laboratory DOE
Overview of climate change epa
bull httpwwwepagovclimatechangekidsindexhtml ldquoclimate change basicsrdquo
Movement of air around earth
The movement of heat is called heat transfer Describe the heat transfer between a contain of hot water and air bull Hot water transfers heat energy to air
causing the air temperature to increaseDescribe the heat transfer between a container of ice and air bull Air transfers heat energy to ice causing
the air temperature to decrease
How does air above a hot surface move bull It will rise because hot air will
become less dense then the air around it Causing low air pressure
How does air above a cold surface move bull It will sink because it will be more
dense then air around it Causing high air pressure
a) What happens when air of the same temperature and humidity collide bull The air did not move much because the
air has similar densitiesB) What happens with air with different temperature and humidity collide bull The air in the cold tube sank the air in
the hot tube rose forming moving circulating air
C) Under what conditions do winds and rotating storms form bull Winds and storms form when air of
different temperature and therefore density meet
Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air Then in the space below explain why the air moves like this
When high pressure air meets low pressure air it forms windsThe air in the
cold tube became more dense forming high air pressure and sank
The air in the hot tube became less dense forming low air pressure and rose forming moving circulating air
Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air
The air in the cold tube became _More_dense forming __High___ air pressure and moved __Down_______
The air in the hot tube became _Less___dense forming _Low____ air pressure and it moved __up_______
Draw smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air
Question Would you expect wind to be formed in the air of set up A or B Why Wind will be formed in Set up A because two air masses of different temperatureor pressure are meeting
Set up ldquoArdquo Set up ldquoBrdquo
Convection Tube Quiz name _______________________
LAND and WATER Heat and Cool at different ratesAnalyze the following incomplete graph
Where do the following labels belong soil water time temperature time when heat turned off
Question 1) define convection movement of heat through air or water Warm air rises it expands and cools Cold air moves in to replace the rising warm air The cool air will then be heated and rise too 2) When is the land warming up faster than water During the dayWhat is warm airs density _low density______
3) Describe how the color of the ground can cause local winds Dark soils heat faster then light colored soil green fields forests Air above dark colored ground will rise to be replaced by cool air from the forests or fields
4) If the earth didnrsquot rotate describe what the global wind patterns would be like The earth would have 2 giant convection currents From the cold north and south poles the air would become dense and sink moving toward the equator then heat and rising moving back to the pole 5) Since the earth does rotate causing the Coriolis Effect how many different patterns of wind convection currents are there in the northern hemisphere 3 What are they called The easterlies move from the east to the west The westerlies move from the west to the east The trade winds move from the east to the west 6) What happens where the Westerlies meet the Easterlies in North America Weather changes are common where the two air masses meet
7) Draw the earth with arrows showing the predominant winds and label their names
bull During the day the land heats faster then the water becoming warmer then the water
bull The hot air above land become less dense and rises
bull The cool air above the water will become more dense and sink
bull This pattern causes cool air from the water over to blow over the land
bull At night the land cools faster then the water the land will become colder then the water
bull This cold air above land will become more dense and sink
bull The hot air above the water will become less dense and rise
bull This pattern causes cool air from the land to blow over the water 6 minute lecture convection current sea breeze and land breeze
httpwwwbingcomvideossearchq=land+breeze+sea+breeze+videoampFORM=VIRE11view=detailampmid=D95C8834DFF47CEDDE95D95C8834DFF47CEDDE95
2 minute video high pressure low pressurehttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=ZQV72Yzmjyc
bull Warm air with low density will rise creating an area of low air pressure
bull Cold air with high density will sink creating an area of high air pressure
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- What causes the seasons Quiz
- Seasons quiz continued
- Seasons quiz continued (2)
- Seasons quiz continued (3)
- Seasons quiz continued (4)
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- What causes the seasons
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- What causes the seasons Continued
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Using the solar demonstrator
- Is there a difference between GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE and GLOBA
- Weather Vs Climate
- Weather
- Why is the Earth the temperature it is
- The Greenhouse Effect
- 2 ways human activity is adding CO2 to the atmosphere
- DEFORESTATION The importance of plants
- What will an increase in global temperature averages do MORE
- Drier conditions in the Central US
- Farming
- A More Extreme Water Cycle will effect
- What will the increase in temperature cause
- Effecting the Oceans
- What can you do to reduce greenhouse gases
- The temperature on Earth has changed many times throughout itrsquos
- How do scientists know what the level of Carbon dioxide was in
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Overview of climate change epa
- Movement of air around earth
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to (2)
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-
bull Difference between seasons Northern and Southern hemisphere photo
bull httpwwwwindowsucaredutourlink=the_universeutsseasons3html
bull httpwwwbrainpopcomscienceweatherseasons short video with diagram
What causes the seasonsbull Fact The Earths orbit is in the shape of an ellipse so that sometimes the Earth is a little bit closer
to the Sun than at other times bull Question Is this the cause of the seasons bull Answer NObull Question Why doesnrsquot this make sense Consider this imagine that if the seasons were caused by
the Earths orbit how would the seasons in the northern hemisphere compare to seasons in the southern hemisphere
bull Answer Earth close entire earth northern and southern hemisphere summer hotbull Earth Far entire earth northern and southern hemisphere winter cold bull Question Is this true on Earth Is the entire planet hot at the same time and cold at the same
time bull Answer No This is not the case
bull Questions How do the seasons really compare between the northern and southern hemisphere bull Answer Summer in the northern hemisphere occurs at the same time as winter in the south and
vice-versa It turns out that the Earths orbit is nearly perfectly circular and the difference between its closest point and its furthest point is very small In fact the Earth is furthest away from the Sun in June when it is summer in the northern hemisphere
httpwwwwindowsucaredutourlink=the_universeutsseasons2html
Website to explain seasons httpwwwwindowsucaredutourlink=the_universeutsseasons1htmlampedu=midampback=searchsearch_navigationhtml
What causes the seasons Continued
bull The Earth has seasons because it rotates on an axis that is tilted in its orbit That 235 degree tilt causes the different hemispheres to be at different angles to the sun at different times of the year
bull Because of the angle during winter the energy from the sun must travel through more atmosphere to reach the poles also a given amount of the sunrsquos energy is spread over a larger area
Climate zones are areas with distinct climates
The solar radiation reaches the ground on different parts of the Earth with different angles On the equator the sunlight reaches the ground almost perpendicularly whilst at the poles the angle of the Sun is lower or even under the horizon during the polar night
httpcontentmeteobluecomenmeteoscoolgeneral-climate-zones
There are 4 major climate zonesbullTropical zone from 0degndash235deg(between the tropics)
bull In the regions between the equator and the tropics (equatorial region) the solar radiation reaches the ground nearly vertically at noontime during almost the entire year Thereby it is very warm in these regions Through high temperatures more water evaporates and the air is often moist The resulting frequent and dense cloud cover reduces the effect of solar radiation on ground temperature
bullSubtropics from 235degndash40degbull The subtropics receive the highest radiation in summer since the Suns angle at noon is almost vertical to the
Earth whilst the cloud cover is relatively thin These regions receive less moisture (seetrade winds) what increases the effect of radiation Therefore most of the deserts in the world are situated in this zone In winter the radiation in these regions decreases significantly and it can temporarily be very cool and moist
bullTemperate zone from 40degndash60degbull In the temperate zone the solar radiation arrives with a smaller angle and the average temperatures here are
much cooler than in the subtropics The seasons and daylength differ significantly in the course of a year The climate is characterised by less frequent extremes a more regular distribution of the precipitation over the year and a longer vegetation period - therefore the name temperate
bullCold zone from 60degndash90degbull The polar areas between 60deg latitude and the poles receive less heat through solar radiation since the Sun
has a very flat angle toward the ground Because of the changes of the Earth axis angle to the Sun the daylength varies most in this zone In the summer polar days occur Vegetation is only possible during a few months per year and even then is often sparse The conditions for life in these regions are very hard
The characteristics of the climate zones change with great altitude differences within a small area like in mountain areas since temperatures decrease rapidly with altitude changing the climate compared to valleys
httpwwwlawrencehallofscienceorgpasspassv12PASSv12SolarMotionDemopdf
Background Questions
1 What does the metal brad represent 2 What does the black dot in the
middle of the compass rose represent
3 What is the latitude for Rhode Island 4 What is the latitude at the North
Pole 5 What is the latitude at the equator
417 deg N 715 deg WRhode Island Coordinates
Solar Demonstrator Activity
How to use solar demonstrator httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=ovC-HNH4Rr0
Using the solar demonstratorbull Test 1
1 Place the wheel at Rhode Islands Latitude Place the metal brad at the summer solstice and observe the path of the sun as it move from east to west across the sky
2 Move to the winter solstice and repeat3 QUESTION TEST 1 Describe the difference in the sunrsquos motion in the summer
versus the winter as seen from Rhode Island bull Test 2
1 Repeat but set the latitude near the equator2 QUESTION TEST 2 Describe the difference in the sunrsquos motion in the summer
versus the winter as seen from the equatorbull Test 3
1 Repeat but set the latitude near the north pole2 QUESTION TEST 3 Describe the difference in the sunrsquos motion in the summer
versus the winter as seen from the north pole
Final Question Describe how the solar demonstrators proves that the solar radiation differs between the equatorial regions temperate regions and polar regions
Is there a difference between GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE
and GLOBAL WARMING
NO they mean the same thing
The two terms refer to the same issue
The average global temperature is on the rise
Weather Vs Climate
bull Climate is what we expect weather is what we get ndash Mark Twain
bull Today helliphellipWEATHER is the temperature wind pressure precipitation at a given time in a given place
bull Over many years CLIMATE refers to the average weather conditions in a certain place
Weather
bull Climate in Rhode Island has a moist continental climate with four distinct seasons Its weather is tempered by sea winds particularly in the Seaboard Lowland which has a more moderate climate than the rest of New England The average annual temperature is about 50o F (10o C) in various parts of the state
Climate
httpwwwturnto10comweather
Why is the Earth the temperature it is bull The greenhouse effect greenhouse gases like water
vapor carbon dioxide and methane trap heat in the atmosphere keeping the Earth warm
httpwwwepagovclimatechangekidsbasicsindexhtml video 155
The Greenhouse Effect
Solar Radiation
Infrared radiation (heat)
On the diagram add the following labels Solar rays Infrared raysCarbon dioxide Heat escaping to spaceHeat bouncing off greenhouse gas to keep Earth warm
Carbon Dioxide
Heat escaping to space
Heat bouncing off greenhouse gas
2 ways human activity is adding CO2 to the atmosphere
Burning fossil fuels (coal oil natural gas)ndash This removes stored
carbon underground and releases it as gas
ndash Deforestation(killing trees faster then they can re-grow)
ndash Cutting down trees prevents them from taking CO2 out of the air
ndash Burning trees releases CO2 stored in the tree into the atmosphere
httpwwwfwccomimagesLowNoxCombustionSystems2jpg
httpblogwiredcomcarsimages20071213emissionsjpg
DEFORESTATION The importance of plants
bull Plants remove CO2 from the air in photosynthesis and store it as they grow
bull When plants and animals die some of the carbon will become fossil fuels under the surface of the earth
What will an increase in global temperature averages do MORE EXTREME WATER CYCLE
bull Coastal areas will have increased precipitation (rain snow)ndash More runoff ndash Increase in flooding
bull Areas away from the coast will have decreased precipitation ndash soils dry out ndash Droughtndash Less water in lakes and rivers
Drier conditions in the Central US
Who cares if it gets drier in the central US
Farming
bull Where is there more farming ndash A Exeter Rhode Island (home of Schartner Farms)
ndash B Colby Kansasndash See the Satellite Images of each ndash httpmapsgooglecommapshl=enamptab=wlampq=
exeter2C20Rhode20Islandndash httpmapsgooglecommaps
hl=enamptab=wlampq=exeter2C20Rhode20Island
bull Plantsbull Animalsbull Humans
A More Extreme Water Cycle will effect
What will the increase in temperature cause
bull Increased drought in some placesndash This could affect food supply
bull Increased flooding in some placesndash The highest human populations are along the coast
bull Populations of plants and animals may not be able to survive a change in their habitat they may become extinct ndash This may affect other organisms in the food webndash Entire ecosystems could change
Effecting the Oceansbull Changing Climate Means Changing Oceans
httpwwwnprorg20110121133117332changing-climate-means-changing-oceans Science Friday Jan 2011
bull Ocean water is becoming more acidic ndash httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=lIBTuJqPHIkampfeature=player_detailpage you tube ocean acidification NBC 321ndash A change of pH causes shelled organisms to be less able to produce shell this will change food webs ndash httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=Wo-bHt1bOsw chemistry of ocean acidication 3 minutes
bull ocean circulation patterns changingbull fisheries corals plankton shellfish changing bull Sea level is rising because 1) polar ice and
glaciers are melting and 2) the water itself is expanding as it warms up
What can you do to reduce greenhouse gases
Use less coal oil and natural gas for energy bull Turn off the lights when you leave a room bull Turn off your computer and other electronic devices when
youre not using them bull Drive less Instead walk ride your bike or use public
transportation if you can bull Use less water bull Create less waste bull Recycle used paper cans bottles and other materials
The temperature on Earth has changed many times throughout itrsquos history whatrsquos the big deal
bull The temperature is changing fast
bull Human activity is causing the change
Scientists can compare the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere today with the amount of carbon dioxide trapped in ancient ice cores which show that the atmosphere had less carbon dioxide in the past Source EPAs Climate Change Indicators (2010)
How do scientists know what the level of Carbon dioxide was in the distant past
One way is analyzing ICE CORESbull Video about ice cores httpserccarletonedueslabscryosphere4bhtml 231bull httpwwwnhmacuknature-onlineenvironmental-changemeasuring-climate-changeice-cor
es ice core scientists shows how to drill ice 221
Bubbles in ice recovered by drilling from deep within the Greenland Ice Sheet These bubbles are samples of pastatmospheres
Ancient ice contains climate information1) Bubbles trap the atmosphere
when that layer of ice was formed
2) Thickness of the layers can be seen indicating each year of ice formation
Figure 67 A Greenland ice core
EA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of Global Warmingand Our Energy Future Columbia University Press Source NOAA
Figure 83 The shrinking extent of old thick sea ice in the Arctic September 1988-September 2005 The area of old thick ice has been rapidly shrinking as the resultof prolonged melting and flow of ice out of the Arctic through the Fram Strait OW =open water The palegreen line encloses theregion of 90 iceconcentration
Ice free Arctic in summer soon
httpearthobservatorynasagovFeaturesLarsenIceShelf
Scientists had been observing theLarsen B for several years assumingthat it would eventually retreat But theywere stunned to see the ice shelfdisintegrate in a mere 35 days BetweenJanuary 31 and March 7 2002 the iceshelf lost 3250 square kilometers(about 1255 square miles) 1048754 an areasomewhat larger than Rhode Island 1048754sending a plume of icebergs into theWeddell Sea
Figure 101 The fuels used to produce all energy worldwide 2005Total global consumption of fuels in 2005 amounted to 488 exajoules(1018 joules) 87 of which was generated by fossil fuelsEA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of Global Warming and Our EnergyFuture Columbia University Press Data from Energy Information Agency DOE105
Figure 108 Renewable sources of power as proportions of total USelectric net summer capacity 2006The number in () are gigawatts of electrical capacity with correspondingpercentages of total capacity Biomass includes wood and derived fuels landfillgas municipal solid waste and agricultural by-products
Figure 109 Wind farmThe Maple Ridge WindFarm on the Tug HillPlateau in NY
EA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of GlobalWarming and Our Energy Future Columbia University PressSource National Renewable Energy Laboratory DOE
Overview of climate change epa
bull httpwwwepagovclimatechangekidsindexhtml ldquoclimate change basicsrdquo
Movement of air around earth
The movement of heat is called heat transfer Describe the heat transfer between a contain of hot water and air bull Hot water transfers heat energy to air
causing the air temperature to increaseDescribe the heat transfer between a container of ice and air bull Air transfers heat energy to ice causing
the air temperature to decrease
How does air above a hot surface move bull It will rise because hot air will
become less dense then the air around it Causing low air pressure
How does air above a cold surface move bull It will sink because it will be more
dense then air around it Causing high air pressure
a) What happens when air of the same temperature and humidity collide bull The air did not move much because the
air has similar densitiesB) What happens with air with different temperature and humidity collide bull The air in the cold tube sank the air in
the hot tube rose forming moving circulating air
C) Under what conditions do winds and rotating storms form bull Winds and storms form when air of
different temperature and therefore density meet
Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air Then in the space below explain why the air moves like this
When high pressure air meets low pressure air it forms windsThe air in the
cold tube became more dense forming high air pressure and sank
The air in the hot tube became less dense forming low air pressure and rose forming moving circulating air
Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air
The air in the cold tube became _More_dense forming __High___ air pressure and moved __Down_______
The air in the hot tube became _Less___dense forming _Low____ air pressure and it moved __up_______
Draw smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air
Question Would you expect wind to be formed in the air of set up A or B Why Wind will be formed in Set up A because two air masses of different temperatureor pressure are meeting
Set up ldquoArdquo Set up ldquoBrdquo
Convection Tube Quiz name _______________________
LAND and WATER Heat and Cool at different ratesAnalyze the following incomplete graph
Where do the following labels belong soil water time temperature time when heat turned off
Question 1) define convection movement of heat through air or water Warm air rises it expands and cools Cold air moves in to replace the rising warm air The cool air will then be heated and rise too 2) When is the land warming up faster than water During the dayWhat is warm airs density _low density______
3) Describe how the color of the ground can cause local winds Dark soils heat faster then light colored soil green fields forests Air above dark colored ground will rise to be replaced by cool air from the forests or fields
4) If the earth didnrsquot rotate describe what the global wind patterns would be like The earth would have 2 giant convection currents From the cold north and south poles the air would become dense and sink moving toward the equator then heat and rising moving back to the pole 5) Since the earth does rotate causing the Coriolis Effect how many different patterns of wind convection currents are there in the northern hemisphere 3 What are they called The easterlies move from the east to the west The westerlies move from the west to the east The trade winds move from the east to the west 6) What happens where the Westerlies meet the Easterlies in North America Weather changes are common where the two air masses meet
7) Draw the earth with arrows showing the predominant winds and label their names
bull During the day the land heats faster then the water becoming warmer then the water
bull The hot air above land become less dense and rises
bull The cool air above the water will become more dense and sink
bull This pattern causes cool air from the water over to blow over the land
bull At night the land cools faster then the water the land will become colder then the water
bull This cold air above land will become more dense and sink
bull The hot air above the water will become less dense and rise
bull This pattern causes cool air from the land to blow over the water 6 minute lecture convection current sea breeze and land breeze
httpwwwbingcomvideossearchq=land+breeze+sea+breeze+videoampFORM=VIRE11view=detailampmid=D95C8834DFF47CEDDE95D95C8834DFF47CEDDE95
2 minute video high pressure low pressurehttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=ZQV72Yzmjyc
bull Warm air with low density will rise creating an area of low air pressure
bull Cold air with high density will sink creating an area of high air pressure
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- What causes the seasons Quiz
- Seasons quiz continued
- Seasons quiz continued (2)
- Seasons quiz continued (3)
- Seasons quiz continued (4)
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- What causes the seasons
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- What causes the seasons Continued
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Using the solar demonstrator
- Is there a difference between GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE and GLOBA
- Weather Vs Climate
- Weather
- Why is the Earth the temperature it is
- The Greenhouse Effect
- 2 ways human activity is adding CO2 to the atmosphere
- DEFORESTATION The importance of plants
- What will an increase in global temperature averages do MORE
- Drier conditions in the Central US
- Farming
- A More Extreme Water Cycle will effect
- What will the increase in temperature cause
- Effecting the Oceans
- What can you do to reduce greenhouse gases
- The temperature on Earth has changed many times throughout itrsquos
- How do scientists know what the level of Carbon dioxide was in
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Overview of climate change epa
- Movement of air around earth
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to (2)
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-
What causes the seasonsbull Fact The Earths orbit is in the shape of an ellipse so that sometimes the Earth is a little bit closer
to the Sun than at other times bull Question Is this the cause of the seasons bull Answer NObull Question Why doesnrsquot this make sense Consider this imagine that if the seasons were caused by
the Earths orbit how would the seasons in the northern hemisphere compare to seasons in the southern hemisphere
bull Answer Earth close entire earth northern and southern hemisphere summer hotbull Earth Far entire earth northern and southern hemisphere winter cold bull Question Is this true on Earth Is the entire planet hot at the same time and cold at the same
time bull Answer No This is not the case
bull Questions How do the seasons really compare between the northern and southern hemisphere bull Answer Summer in the northern hemisphere occurs at the same time as winter in the south and
vice-versa It turns out that the Earths orbit is nearly perfectly circular and the difference between its closest point and its furthest point is very small In fact the Earth is furthest away from the Sun in June when it is summer in the northern hemisphere
httpwwwwindowsucaredutourlink=the_universeutsseasons2html
Website to explain seasons httpwwwwindowsucaredutourlink=the_universeutsseasons1htmlampedu=midampback=searchsearch_navigationhtml
What causes the seasons Continued
bull The Earth has seasons because it rotates on an axis that is tilted in its orbit That 235 degree tilt causes the different hemispheres to be at different angles to the sun at different times of the year
bull Because of the angle during winter the energy from the sun must travel through more atmosphere to reach the poles also a given amount of the sunrsquos energy is spread over a larger area
Climate zones are areas with distinct climates
The solar radiation reaches the ground on different parts of the Earth with different angles On the equator the sunlight reaches the ground almost perpendicularly whilst at the poles the angle of the Sun is lower or even under the horizon during the polar night
httpcontentmeteobluecomenmeteoscoolgeneral-climate-zones
There are 4 major climate zonesbullTropical zone from 0degndash235deg(between the tropics)
bull In the regions between the equator and the tropics (equatorial region) the solar radiation reaches the ground nearly vertically at noontime during almost the entire year Thereby it is very warm in these regions Through high temperatures more water evaporates and the air is often moist The resulting frequent and dense cloud cover reduces the effect of solar radiation on ground temperature
bullSubtropics from 235degndash40degbull The subtropics receive the highest radiation in summer since the Suns angle at noon is almost vertical to the
Earth whilst the cloud cover is relatively thin These regions receive less moisture (seetrade winds) what increases the effect of radiation Therefore most of the deserts in the world are situated in this zone In winter the radiation in these regions decreases significantly and it can temporarily be very cool and moist
bullTemperate zone from 40degndash60degbull In the temperate zone the solar radiation arrives with a smaller angle and the average temperatures here are
much cooler than in the subtropics The seasons and daylength differ significantly in the course of a year The climate is characterised by less frequent extremes a more regular distribution of the precipitation over the year and a longer vegetation period - therefore the name temperate
bullCold zone from 60degndash90degbull The polar areas between 60deg latitude and the poles receive less heat through solar radiation since the Sun
has a very flat angle toward the ground Because of the changes of the Earth axis angle to the Sun the daylength varies most in this zone In the summer polar days occur Vegetation is only possible during a few months per year and even then is often sparse The conditions for life in these regions are very hard
The characteristics of the climate zones change with great altitude differences within a small area like in mountain areas since temperatures decrease rapidly with altitude changing the climate compared to valleys
httpwwwlawrencehallofscienceorgpasspassv12PASSv12SolarMotionDemopdf
Background Questions
1 What does the metal brad represent 2 What does the black dot in the
middle of the compass rose represent
3 What is the latitude for Rhode Island 4 What is the latitude at the North
Pole 5 What is the latitude at the equator
417 deg N 715 deg WRhode Island Coordinates
Solar Demonstrator Activity
How to use solar demonstrator httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=ovC-HNH4Rr0
Using the solar demonstratorbull Test 1
1 Place the wheel at Rhode Islands Latitude Place the metal brad at the summer solstice and observe the path of the sun as it move from east to west across the sky
2 Move to the winter solstice and repeat3 QUESTION TEST 1 Describe the difference in the sunrsquos motion in the summer
versus the winter as seen from Rhode Island bull Test 2
1 Repeat but set the latitude near the equator2 QUESTION TEST 2 Describe the difference in the sunrsquos motion in the summer
versus the winter as seen from the equatorbull Test 3
1 Repeat but set the latitude near the north pole2 QUESTION TEST 3 Describe the difference in the sunrsquos motion in the summer
versus the winter as seen from the north pole
Final Question Describe how the solar demonstrators proves that the solar radiation differs between the equatorial regions temperate regions and polar regions
Is there a difference between GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE
and GLOBAL WARMING
NO they mean the same thing
The two terms refer to the same issue
The average global temperature is on the rise
Weather Vs Climate
bull Climate is what we expect weather is what we get ndash Mark Twain
bull Today helliphellipWEATHER is the temperature wind pressure precipitation at a given time in a given place
bull Over many years CLIMATE refers to the average weather conditions in a certain place
Weather
bull Climate in Rhode Island has a moist continental climate with four distinct seasons Its weather is tempered by sea winds particularly in the Seaboard Lowland which has a more moderate climate than the rest of New England The average annual temperature is about 50o F (10o C) in various parts of the state
Climate
httpwwwturnto10comweather
Why is the Earth the temperature it is bull The greenhouse effect greenhouse gases like water
vapor carbon dioxide and methane trap heat in the atmosphere keeping the Earth warm
httpwwwepagovclimatechangekidsbasicsindexhtml video 155
The Greenhouse Effect
Solar Radiation
Infrared radiation (heat)
On the diagram add the following labels Solar rays Infrared raysCarbon dioxide Heat escaping to spaceHeat bouncing off greenhouse gas to keep Earth warm
Carbon Dioxide
Heat escaping to space
Heat bouncing off greenhouse gas
2 ways human activity is adding CO2 to the atmosphere
Burning fossil fuels (coal oil natural gas)ndash This removes stored
carbon underground and releases it as gas
ndash Deforestation(killing trees faster then they can re-grow)
ndash Cutting down trees prevents them from taking CO2 out of the air
ndash Burning trees releases CO2 stored in the tree into the atmosphere
httpwwwfwccomimagesLowNoxCombustionSystems2jpg
httpblogwiredcomcarsimages20071213emissionsjpg
DEFORESTATION The importance of plants
bull Plants remove CO2 from the air in photosynthesis and store it as they grow
bull When plants and animals die some of the carbon will become fossil fuels under the surface of the earth
What will an increase in global temperature averages do MORE EXTREME WATER CYCLE
bull Coastal areas will have increased precipitation (rain snow)ndash More runoff ndash Increase in flooding
bull Areas away from the coast will have decreased precipitation ndash soils dry out ndash Droughtndash Less water in lakes and rivers
Drier conditions in the Central US
Who cares if it gets drier in the central US
Farming
bull Where is there more farming ndash A Exeter Rhode Island (home of Schartner Farms)
ndash B Colby Kansasndash See the Satellite Images of each ndash httpmapsgooglecommapshl=enamptab=wlampq=
exeter2C20Rhode20Islandndash httpmapsgooglecommaps
hl=enamptab=wlampq=exeter2C20Rhode20Island
bull Plantsbull Animalsbull Humans
A More Extreme Water Cycle will effect
What will the increase in temperature cause
bull Increased drought in some placesndash This could affect food supply
bull Increased flooding in some placesndash The highest human populations are along the coast
bull Populations of plants and animals may not be able to survive a change in their habitat they may become extinct ndash This may affect other organisms in the food webndash Entire ecosystems could change
Effecting the Oceansbull Changing Climate Means Changing Oceans
httpwwwnprorg20110121133117332changing-climate-means-changing-oceans Science Friday Jan 2011
bull Ocean water is becoming more acidic ndash httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=lIBTuJqPHIkampfeature=player_detailpage you tube ocean acidification NBC 321ndash A change of pH causes shelled organisms to be less able to produce shell this will change food webs ndash httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=Wo-bHt1bOsw chemistry of ocean acidication 3 minutes
bull ocean circulation patterns changingbull fisheries corals plankton shellfish changing bull Sea level is rising because 1) polar ice and
glaciers are melting and 2) the water itself is expanding as it warms up
What can you do to reduce greenhouse gases
Use less coal oil and natural gas for energy bull Turn off the lights when you leave a room bull Turn off your computer and other electronic devices when
youre not using them bull Drive less Instead walk ride your bike or use public
transportation if you can bull Use less water bull Create less waste bull Recycle used paper cans bottles and other materials
The temperature on Earth has changed many times throughout itrsquos history whatrsquos the big deal
bull The temperature is changing fast
bull Human activity is causing the change
Scientists can compare the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere today with the amount of carbon dioxide trapped in ancient ice cores which show that the atmosphere had less carbon dioxide in the past Source EPAs Climate Change Indicators (2010)
How do scientists know what the level of Carbon dioxide was in the distant past
One way is analyzing ICE CORESbull Video about ice cores httpserccarletonedueslabscryosphere4bhtml 231bull httpwwwnhmacuknature-onlineenvironmental-changemeasuring-climate-changeice-cor
es ice core scientists shows how to drill ice 221
Bubbles in ice recovered by drilling from deep within the Greenland Ice Sheet These bubbles are samples of pastatmospheres
Ancient ice contains climate information1) Bubbles trap the atmosphere
when that layer of ice was formed
2) Thickness of the layers can be seen indicating each year of ice formation
Figure 67 A Greenland ice core
EA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of Global Warmingand Our Energy Future Columbia University Press Source NOAA
Figure 83 The shrinking extent of old thick sea ice in the Arctic September 1988-September 2005 The area of old thick ice has been rapidly shrinking as the resultof prolonged melting and flow of ice out of the Arctic through the Fram Strait OW =open water The palegreen line encloses theregion of 90 iceconcentration
Ice free Arctic in summer soon
httpearthobservatorynasagovFeaturesLarsenIceShelf
Scientists had been observing theLarsen B for several years assumingthat it would eventually retreat But theywere stunned to see the ice shelfdisintegrate in a mere 35 days BetweenJanuary 31 and March 7 2002 the iceshelf lost 3250 square kilometers(about 1255 square miles) 1048754 an areasomewhat larger than Rhode Island 1048754sending a plume of icebergs into theWeddell Sea
Figure 101 The fuels used to produce all energy worldwide 2005Total global consumption of fuels in 2005 amounted to 488 exajoules(1018 joules) 87 of which was generated by fossil fuelsEA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of Global Warming and Our EnergyFuture Columbia University Press Data from Energy Information Agency DOE105
Figure 108 Renewable sources of power as proportions of total USelectric net summer capacity 2006The number in () are gigawatts of electrical capacity with correspondingpercentages of total capacity Biomass includes wood and derived fuels landfillgas municipal solid waste and agricultural by-products
Figure 109 Wind farmThe Maple Ridge WindFarm on the Tug HillPlateau in NY
EA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of GlobalWarming and Our Energy Future Columbia University PressSource National Renewable Energy Laboratory DOE
Overview of climate change epa
bull httpwwwepagovclimatechangekidsindexhtml ldquoclimate change basicsrdquo
Movement of air around earth
The movement of heat is called heat transfer Describe the heat transfer between a contain of hot water and air bull Hot water transfers heat energy to air
causing the air temperature to increaseDescribe the heat transfer between a container of ice and air bull Air transfers heat energy to ice causing
the air temperature to decrease
How does air above a hot surface move bull It will rise because hot air will
become less dense then the air around it Causing low air pressure
How does air above a cold surface move bull It will sink because it will be more
dense then air around it Causing high air pressure
a) What happens when air of the same temperature and humidity collide bull The air did not move much because the
air has similar densitiesB) What happens with air with different temperature and humidity collide bull The air in the cold tube sank the air in
the hot tube rose forming moving circulating air
C) Under what conditions do winds and rotating storms form bull Winds and storms form when air of
different temperature and therefore density meet
Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air Then in the space below explain why the air moves like this
When high pressure air meets low pressure air it forms windsThe air in the
cold tube became more dense forming high air pressure and sank
The air in the hot tube became less dense forming low air pressure and rose forming moving circulating air
Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air
The air in the cold tube became _More_dense forming __High___ air pressure and moved __Down_______
The air in the hot tube became _Less___dense forming _Low____ air pressure and it moved __up_______
Draw smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air
Question Would you expect wind to be formed in the air of set up A or B Why Wind will be formed in Set up A because two air masses of different temperatureor pressure are meeting
Set up ldquoArdquo Set up ldquoBrdquo
Convection Tube Quiz name _______________________
LAND and WATER Heat and Cool at different ratesAnalyze the following incomplete graph
Where do the following labels belong soil water time temperature time when heat turned off
Question 1) define convection movement of heat through air or water Warm air rises it expands and cools Cold air moves in to replace the rising warm air The cool air will then be heated and rise too 2) When is the land warming up faster than water During the dayWhat is warm airs density _low density______
3) Describe how the color of the ground can cause local winds Dark soils heat faster then light colored soil green fields forests Air above dark colored ground will rise to be replaced by cool air from the forests or fields
4) If the earth didnrsquot rotate describe what the global wind patterns would be like The earth would have 2 giant convection currents From the cold north and south poles the air would become dense and sink moving toward the equator then heat and rising moving back to the pole 5) Since the earth does rotate causing the Coriolis Effect how many different patterns of wind convection currents are there in the northern hemisphere 3 What are they called The easterlies move from the east to the west The westerlies move from the west to the east The trade winds move from the east to the west 6) What happens where the Westerlies meet the Easterlies in North America Weather changes are common where the two air masses meet
7) Draw the earth with arrows showing the predominant winds and label their names
bull During the day the land heats faster then the water becoming warmer then the water
bull The hot air above land become less dense and rises
bull The cool air above the water will become more dense and sink
bull This pattern causes cool air from the water over to blow over the land
bull At night the land cools faster then the water the land will become colder then the water
bull This cold air above land will become more dense and sink
bull The hot air above the water will become less dense and rise
bull This pattern causes cool air from the land to blow over the water 6 minute lecture convection current sea breeze and land breeze
httpwwwbingcomvideossearchq=land+breeze+sea+breeze+videoampFORM=VIRE11view=detailampmid=D95C8834DFF47CEDDE95D95C8834DFF47CEDDE95
2 minute video high pressure low pressurehttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=ZQV72Yzmjyc
bull Warm air with low density will rise creating an area of low air pressure
bull Cold air with high density will sink creating an area of high air pressure
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- What causes the seasons Quiz
- Seasons quiz continued
- Seasons quiz continued (2)
- Seasons quiz continued (3)
- Seasons quiz continued (4)
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- What causes the seasons
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- What causes the seasons Continued
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Using the solar demonstrator
- Is there a difference between GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE and GLOBA
- Weather Vs Climate
- Weather
- Why is the Earth the temperature it is
- The Greenhouse Effect
- 2 ways human activity is adding CO2 to the atmosphere
- DEFORESTATION The importance of plants
- What will an increase in global temperature averages do MORE
- Drier conditions in the Central US
- Farming
- A More Extreme Water Cycle will effect
- What will the increase in temperature cause
- Effecting the Oceans
- What can you do to reduce greenhouse gases
- The temperature on Earth has changed many times throughout itrsquos
- How do scientists know what the level of Carbon dioxide was in
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Overview of climate change epa
- Movement of air around earth
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to (2)
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-
httpwwwwindowsucaredutourlink=the_universeutsseasons2html
Website to explain seasons httpwwwwindowsucaredutourlink=the_universeutsseasons1htmlampedu=midampback=searchsearch_navigationhtml
What causes the seasons Continued
bull The Earth has seasons because it rotates on an axis that is tilted in its orbit That 235 degree tilt causes the different hemispheres to be at different angles to the sun at different times of the year
bull Because of the angle during winter the energy from the sun must travel through more atmosphere to reach the poles also a given amount of the sunrsquos energy is spread over a larger area
Climate zones are areas with distinct climates
The solar radiation reaches the ground on different parts of the Earth with different angles On the equator the sunlight reaches the ground almost perpendicularly whilst at the poles the angle of the Sun is lower or even under the horizon during the polar night
httpcontentmeteobluecomenmeteoscoolgeneral-climate-zones
There are 4 major climate zonesbullTropical zone from 0degndash235deg(between the tropics)
bull In the regions between the equator and the tropics (equatorial region) the solar radiation reaches the ground nearly vertically at noontime during almost the entire year Thereby it is very warm in these regions Through high temperatures more water evaporates and the air is often moist The resulting frequent and dense cloud cover reduces the effect of solar radiation on ground temperature
bullSubtropics from 235degndash40degbull The subtropics receive the highest radiation in summer since the Suns angle at noon is almost vertical to the
Earth whilst the cloud cover is relatively thin These regions receive less moisture (seetrade winds) what increases the effect of radiation Therefore most of the deserts in the world are situated in this zone In winter the radiation in these regions decreases significantly and it can temporarily be very cool and moist
bullTemperate zone from 40degndash60degbull In the temperate zone the solar radiation arrives with a smaller angle and the average temperatures here are
much cooler than in the subtropics The seasons and daylength differ significantly in the course of a year The climate is characterised by less frequent extremes a more regular distribution of the precipitation over the year and a longer vegetation period - therefore the name temperate
bullCold zone from 60degndash90degbull The polar areas between 60deg latitude and the poles receive less heat through solar radiation since the Sun
has a very flat angle toward the ground Because of the changes of the Earth axis angle to the Sun the daylength varies most in this zone In the summer polar days occur Vegetation is only possible during a few months per year and even then is often sparse The conditions for life in these regions are very hard
The characteristics of the climate zones change with great altitude differences within a small area like in mountain areas since temperatures decrease rapidly with altitude changing the climate compared to valleys
httpwwwlawrencehallofscienceorgpasspassv12PASSv12SolarMotionDemopdf
Background Questions
1 What does the metal brad represent 2 What does the black dot in the
middle of the compass rose represent
3 What is the latitude for Rhode Island 4 What is the latitude at the North
Pole 5 What is the latitude at the equator
417 deg N 715 deg WRhode Island Coordinates
Solar Demonstrator Activity
How to use solar demonstrator httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=ovC-HNH4Rr0
Using the solar demonstratorbull Test 1
1 Place the wheel at Rhode Islands Latitude Place the metal brad at the summer solstice and observe the path of the sun as it move from east to west across the sky
2 Move to the winter solstice and repeat3 QUESTION TEST 1 Describe the difference in the sunrsquos motion in the summer
versus the winter as seen from Rhode Island bull Test 2
1 Repeat but set the latitude near the equator2 QUESTION TEST 2 Describe the difference in the sunrsquos motion in the summer
versus the winter as seen from the equatorbull Test 3
1 Repeat but set the latitude near the north pole2 QUESTION TEST 3 Describe the difference in the sunrsquos motion in the summer
versus the winter as seen from the north pole
Final Question Describe how the solar demonstrators proves that the solar radiation differs between the equatorial regions temperate regions and polar regions
Is there a difference between GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE
and GLOBAL WARMING
NO they mean the same thing
The two terms refer to the same issue
The average global temperature is on the rise
Weather Vs Climate
bull Climate is what we expect weather is what we get ndash Mark Twain
bull Today helliphellipWEATHER is the temperature wind pressure precipitation at a given time in a given place
bull Over many years CLIMATE refers to the average weather conditions in a certain place
Weather
bull Climate in Rhode Island has a moist continental climate with four distinct seasons Its weather is tempered by sea winds particularly in the Seaboard Lowland which has a more moderate climate than the rest of New England The average annual temperature is about 50o F (10o C) in various parts of the state
Climate
httpwwwturnto10comweather
Why is the Earth the temperature it is bull The greenhouse effect greenhouse gases like water
vapor carbon dioxide and methane trap heat in the atmosphere keeping the Earth warm
httpwwwepagovclimatechangekidsbasicsindexhtml video 155
The Greenhouse Effect
Solar Radiation
Infrared radiation (heat)
On the diagram add the following labels Solar rays Infrared raysCarbon dioxide Heat escaping to spaceHeat bouncing off greenhouse gas to keep Earth warm
Carbon Dioxide
Heat escaping to space
Heat bouncing off greenhouse gas
2 ways human activity is adding CO2 to the atmosphere
Burning fossil fuels (coal oil natural gas)ndash This removes stored
carbon underground and releases it as gas
ndash Deforestation(killing trees faster then they can re-grow)
ndash Cutting down trees prevents them from taking CO2 out of the air
ndash Burning trees releases CO2 stored in the tree into the atmosphere
httpwwwfwccomimagesLowNoxCombustionSystems2jpg
httpblogwiredcomcarsimages20071213emissionsjpg
DEFORESTATION The importance of plants
bull Plants remove CO2 from the air in photosynthesis and store it as they grow
bull When plants and animals die some of the carbon will become fossil fuels under the surface of the earth
What will an increase in global temperature averages do MORE EXTREME WATER CYCLE
bull Coastal areas will have increased precipitation (rain snow)ndash More runoff ndash Increase in flooding
bull Areas away from the coast will have decreased precipitation ndash soils dry out ndash Droughtndash Less water in lakes and rivers
Drier conditions in the Central US
Who cares if it gets drier in the central US
Farming
bull Where is there more farming ndash A Exeter Rhode Island (home of Schartner Farms)
ndash B Colby Kansasndash See the Satellite Images of each ndash httpmapsgooglecommapshl=enamptab=wlampq=
exeter2C20Rhode20Islandndash httpmapsgooglecommaps
hl=enamptab=wlampq=exeter2C20Rhode20Island
bull Plantsbull Animalsbull Humans
A More Extreme Water Cycle will effect
What will the increase in temperature cause
bull Increased drought in some placesndash This could affect food supply
bull Increased flooding in some placesndash The highest human populations are along the coast
bull Populations of plants and animals may not be able to survive a change in their habitat they may become extinct ndash This may affect other organisms in the food webndash Entire ecosystems could change
Effecting the Oceansbull Changing Climate Means Changing Oceans
httpwwwnprorg20110121133117332changing-climate-means-changing-oceans Science Friday Jan 2011
bull Ocean water is becoming more acidic ndash httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=lIBTuJqPHIkampfeature=player_detailpage you tube ocean acidification NBC 321ndash A change of pH causes shelled organisms to be less able to produce shell this will change food webs ndash httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=Wo-bHt1bOsw chemistry of ocean acidication 3 minutes
bull ocean circulation patterns changingbull fisheries corals plankton shellfish changing bull Sea level is rising because 1) polar ice and
glaciers are melting and 2) the water itself is expanding as it warms up
What can you do to reduce greenhouse gases
Use less coal oil and natural gas for energy bull Turn off the lights when you leave a room bull Turn off your computer and other electronic devices when
youre not using them bull Drive less Instead walk ride your bike or use public
transportation if you can bull Use less water bull Create less waste bull Recycle used paper cans bottles and other materials
The temperature on Earth has changed many times throughout itrsquos history whatrsquos the big deal
bull The temperature is changing fast
bull Human activity is causing the change
Scientists can compare the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere today with the amount of carbon dioxide trapped in ancient ice cores which show that the atmosphere had less carbon dioxide in the past Source EPAs Climate Change Indicators (2010)
How do scientists know what the level of Carbon dioxide was in the distant past
One way is analyzing ICE CORESbull Video about ice cores httpserccarletonedueslabscryosphere4bhtml 231bull httpwwwnhmacuknature-onlineenvironmental-changemeasuring-climate-changeice-cor
es ice core scientists shows how to drill ice 221
Bubbles in ice recovered by drilling from deep within the Greenland Ice Sheet These bubbles are samples of pastatmospheres
Ancient ice contains climate information1) Bubbles trap the atmosphere
when that layer of ice was formed
2) Thickness of the layers can be seen indicating each year of ice formation
Figure 67 A Greenland ice core
EA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of Global Warmingand Our Energy Future Columbia University Press Source NOAA
Figure 83 The shrinking extent of old thick sea ice in the Arctic September 1988-September 2005 The area of old thick ice has been rapidly shrinking as the resultof prolonged melting and flow of ice out of the Arctic through the Fram Strait OW =open water The palegreen line encloses theregion of 90 iceconcentration
Ice free Arctic in summer soon
httpearthobservatorynasagovFeaturesLarsenIceShelf
Scientists had been observing theLarsen B for several years assumingthat it would eventually retreat But theywere stunned to see the ice shelfdisintegrate in a mere 35 days BetweenJanuary 31 and March 7 2002 the iceshelf lost 3250 square kilometers(about 1255 square miles) 1048754 an areasomewhat larger than Rhode Island 1048754sending a plume of icebergs into theWeddell Sea
Figure 101 The fuels used to produce all energy worldwide 2005Total global consumption of fuels in 2005 amounted to 488 exajoules(1018 joules) 87 of which was generated by fossil fuelsEA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of Global Warming and Our EnergyFuture Columbia University Press Data from Energy Information Agency DOE105
Figure 108 Renewable sources of power as proportions of total USelectric net summer capacity 2006The number in () are gigawatts of electrical capacity with correspondingpercentages of total capacity Biomass includes wood and derived fuels landfillgas municipal solid waste and agricultural by-products
Figure 109 Wind farmThe Maple Ridge WindFarm on the Tug HillPlateau in NY
EA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of GlobalWarming and Our Energy Future Columbia University PressSource National Renewable Energy Laboratory DOE
Overview of climate change epa
bull httpwwwepagovclimatechangekidsindexhtml ldquoclimate change basicsrdquo
Movement of air around earth
The movement of heat is called heat transfer Describe the heat transfer between a contain of hot water and air bull Hot water transfers heat energy to air
causing the air temperature to increaseDescribe the heat transfer between a container of ice and air bull Air transfers heat energy to ice causing
the air temperature to decrease
How does air above a hot surface move bull It will rise because hot air will
become less dense then the air around it Causing low air pressure
How does air above a cold surface move bull It will sink because it will be more
dense then air around it Causing high air pressure
a) What happens when air of the same temperature and humidity collide bull The air did not move much because the
air has similar densitiesB) What happens with air with different temperature and humidity collide bull The air in the cold tube sank the air in
the hot tube rose forming moving circulating air
C) Under what conditions do winds and rotating storms form bull Winds and storms form when air of
different temperature and therefore density meet
Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air Then in the space below explain why the air moves like this
When high pressure air meets low pressure air it forms windsThe air in the
cold tube became more dense forming high air pressure and sank
The air in the hot tube became less dense forming low air pressure and rose forming moving circulating air
Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air
The air in the cold tube became _More_dense forming __High___ air pressure and moved __Down_______
The air in the hot tube became _Less___dense forming _Low____ air pressure and it moved __up_______
Draw smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air
Question Would you expect wind to be formed in the air of set up A or B Why Wind will be formed in Set up A because two air masses of different temperatureor pressure are meeting
Set up ldquoArdquo Set up ldquoBrdquo
Convection Tube Quiz name _______________________
LAND and WATER Heat and Cool at different ratesAnalyze the following incomplete graph
Where do the following labels belong soil water time temperature time when heat turned off
Question 1) define convection movement of heat through air or water Warm air rises it expands and cools Cold air moves in to replace the rising warm air The cool air will then be heated and rise too 2) When is the land warming up faster than water During the dayWhat is warm airs density _low density______
3) Describe how the color of the ground can cause local winds Dark soils heat faster then light colored soil green fields forests Air above dark colored ground will rise to be replaced by cool air from the forests or fields
4) If the earth didnrsquot rotate describe what the global wind patterns would be like The earth would have 2 giant convection currents From the cold north and south poles the air would become dense and sink moving toward the equator then heat and rising moving back to the pole 5) Since the earth does rotate causing the Coriolis Effect how many different patterns of wind convection currents are there in the northern hemisphere 3 What are they called The easterlies move from the east to the west The westerlies move from the west to the east The trade winds move from the east to the west 6) What happens where the Westerlies meet the Easterlies in North America Weather changes are common where the two air masses meet
7) Draw the earth with arrows showing the predominant winds and label their names
bull During the day the land heats faster then the water becoming warmer then the water
bull The hot air above land become less dense and rises
bull The cool air above the water will become more dense and sink
bull This pattern causes cool air from the water over to blow over the land
bull At night the land cools faster then the water the land will become colder then the water
bull This cold air above land will become more dense and sink
bull The hot air above the water will become less dense and rise
bull This pattern causes cool air from the land to blow over the water 6 minute lecture convection current sea breeze and land breeze
httpwwwbingcomvideossearchq=land+breeze+sea+breeze+videoampFORM=VIRE11view=detailampmid=D95C8834DFF47CEDDE95D95C8834DFF47CEDDE95
2 minute video high pressure low pressurehttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=ZQV72Yzmjyc
bull Warm air with low density will rise creating an area of low air pressure
bull Cold air with high density will sink creating an area of high air pressure
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- What causes the seasons Quiz
- Seasons quiz continued
- Seasons quiz continued (2)
- Seasons quiz continued (3)
- Seasons quiz continued (4)
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- What causes the seasons
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- What causes the seasons Continued
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Using the solar demonstrator
- Is there a difference between GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE and GLOBA
- Weather Vs Climate
- Weather
- Why is the Earth the temperature it is
- The Greenhouse Effect
- 2 ways human activity is adding CO2 to the atmosphere
- DEFORESTATION The importance of plants
- What will an increase in global temperature averages do MORE
- Drier conditions in the Central US
- Farming
- A More Extreme Water Cycle will effect
- What will the increase in temperature cause
- Effecting the Oceans
- What can you do to reduce greenhouse gases
- The temperature on Earth has changed many times throughout itrsquos
- How do scientists know what the level of Carbon dioxide was in
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Overview of climate change epa
- Movement of air around earth
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to (2)
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-
What causes the seasons Continued
bull The Earth has seasons because it rotates on an axis that is tilted in its orbit That 235 degree tilt causes the different hemispheres to be at different angles to the sun at different times of the year
bull Because of the angle during winter the energy from the sun must travel through more atmosphere to reach the poles also a given amount of the sunrsquos energy is spread over a larger area
Climate zones are areas with distinct climates
The solar radiation reaches the ground on different parts of the Earth with different angles On the equator the sunlight reaches the ground almost perpendicularly whilst at the poles the angle of the Sun is lower or even under the horizon during the polar night
httpcontentmeteobluecomenmeteoscoolgeneral-climate-zones
There are 4 major climate zonesbullTropical zone from 0degndash235deg(between the tropics)
bull In the regions between the equator and the tropics (equatorial region) the solar radiation reaches the ground nearly vertically at noontime during almost the entire year Thereby it is very warm in these regions Through high temperatures more water evaporates and the air is often moist The resulting frequent and dense cloud cover reduces the effect of solar radiation on ground temperature
bullSubtropics from 235degndash40degbull The subtropics receive the highest radiation in summer since the Suns angle at noon is almost vertical to the
Earth whilst the cloud cover is relatively thin These regions receive less moisture (seetrade winds) what increases the effect of radiation Therefore most of the deserts in the world are situated in this zone In winter the radiation in these regions decreases significantly and it can temporarily be very cool and moist
bullTemperate zone from 40degndash60degbull In the temperate zone the solar radiation arrives with a smaller angle and the average temperatures here are
much cooler than in the subtropics The seasons and daylength differ significantly in the course of a year The climate is characterised by less frequent extremes a more regular distribution of the precipitation over the year and a longer vegetation period - therefore the name temperate
bullCold zone from 60degndash90degbull The polar areas between 60deg latitude and the poles receive less heat through solar radiation since the Sun
has a very flat angle toward the ground Because of the changes of the Earth axis angle to the Sun the daylength varies most in this zone In the summer polar days occur Vegetation is only possible during a few months per year and even then is often sparse The conditions for life in these regions are very hard
The characteristics of the climate zones change with great altitude differences within a small area like in mountain areas since temperatures decrease rapidly with altitude changing the climate compared to valleys
httpwwwlawrencehallofscienceorgpasspassv12PASSv12SolarMotionDemopdf
Background Questions
1 What does the metal brad represent 2 What does the black dot in the
middle of the compass rose represent
3 What is the latitude for Rhode Island 4 What is the latitude at the North
Pole 5 What is the latitude at the equator
417 deg N 715 deg WRhode Island Coordinates
Solar Demonstrator Activity
How to use solar demonstrator httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=ovC-HNH4Rr0
Using the solar demonstratorbull Test 1
1 Place the wheel at Rhode Islands Latitude Place the metal brad at the summer solstice and observe the path of the sun as it move from east to west across the sky
2 Move to the winter solstice and repeat3 QUESTION TEST 1 Describe the difference in the sunrsquos motion in the summer
versus the winter as seen from Rhode Island bull Test 2
1 Repeat but set the latitude near the equator2 QUESTION TEST 2 Describe the difference in the sunrsquos motion in the summer
versus the winter as seen from the equatorbull Test 3
1 Repeat but set the latitude near the north pole2 QUESTION TEST 3 Describe the difference in the sunrsquos motion in the summer
versus the winter as seen from the north pole
Final Question Describe how the solar demonstrators proves that the solar radiation differs between the equatorial regions temperate regions and polar regions
Is there a difference between GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE
and GLOBAL WARMING
NO they mean the same thing
The two terms refer to the same issue
The average global temperature is on the rise
Weather Vs Climate
bull Climate is what we expect weather is what we get ndash Mark Twain
bull Today helliphellipWEATHER is the temperature wind pressure precipitation at a given time in a given place
bull Over many years CLIMATE refers to the average weather conditions in a certain place
Weather
bull Climate in Rhode Island has a moist continental climate with four distinct seasons Its weather is tempered by sea winds particularly in the Seaboard Lowland which has a more moderate climate than the rest of New England The average annual temperature is about 50o F (10o C) in various parts of the state
Climate
httpwwwturnto10comweather
Why is the Earth the temperature it is bull The greenhouse effect greenhouse gases like water
vapor carbon dioxide and methane trap heat in the atmosphere keeping the Earth warm
httpwwwepagovclimatechangekidsbasicsindexhtml video 155
The Greenhouse Effect
Solar Radiation
Infrared radiation (heat)
On the diagram add the following labels Solar rays Infrared raysCarbon dioxide Heat escaping to spaceHeat bouncing off greenhouse gas to keep Earth warm
Carbon Dioxide
Heat escaping to space
Heat bouncing off greenhouse gas
2 ways human activity is adding CO2 to the atmosphere
Burning fossil fuels (coal oil natural gas)ndash This removes stored
carbon underground and releases it as gas
ndash Deforestation(killing trees faster then they can re-grow)
ndash Cutting down trees prevents them from taking CO2 out of the air
ndash Burning trees releases CO2 stored in the tree into the atmosphere
httpwwwfwccomimagesLowNoxCombustionSystems2jpg
httpblogwiredcomcarsimages20071213emissionsjpg
DEFORESTATION The importance of plants
bull Plants remove CO2 from the air in photosynthesis and store it as they grow
bull When plants and animals die some of the carbon will become fossil fuels under the surface of the earth
What will an increase in global temperature averages do MORE EXTREME WATER CYCLE
bull Coastal areas will have increased precipitation (rain snow)ndash More runoff ndash Increase in flooding
bull Areas away from the coast will have decreased precipitation ndash soils dry out ndash Droughtndash Less water in lakes and rivers
Drier conditions in the Central US
Who cares if it gets drier in the central US
Farming
bull Where is there more farming ndash A Exeter Rhode Island (home of Schartner Farms)
ndash B Colby Kansasndash See the Satellite Images of each ndash httpmapsgooglecommapshl=enamptab=wlampq=
exeter2C20Rhode20Islandndash httpmapsgooglecommaps
hl=enamptab=wlampq=exeter2C20Rhode20Island
bull Plantsbull Animalsbull Humans
A More Extreme Water Cycle will effect
What will the increase in temperature cause
bull Increased drought in some placesndash This could affect food supply
bull Increased flooding in some placesndash The highest human populations are along the coast
bull Populations of plants and animals may not be able to survive a change in their habitat they may become extinct ndash This may affect other organisms in the food webndash Entire ecosystems could change
Effecting the Oceansbull Changing Climate Means Changing Oceans
httpwwwnprorg20110121133117332changing-climate-means-changing-oceans Science Friday Jan 2011
bull Ocean water is becoming more acidic ndash httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=lIBTuJqPHIkampfeature=player_detailpage you tube ocean acidification NBC 321ndash A change of pH causes shelled organisms to be less able to produce shell this will change food webs ndash httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=Wo-bHt1bOsw chemistry of ocean acidication 3 minutes
bull ocean circulation patterns changingbull fisheries corals plankton shellfish changing bull Sea level is rising because 1) polar ice and
glaciers are melting and 2) the water itself is expanding as it warms up
What can you do to reduce greenhouse gases
Use less coal oil and natural gas for energy bull Turn off the lights when you leave a room bull Turn off your computer and other electronic devices when
youre not using them bull Drive less Instead walk ride your bike or use public
transportation if you can bull Use less water bull Create less waste bull Recycle used paper cans bottles and other materials
The temperature on Earth has changed many times throughout itrsquos history whatrsquos the big deal
bull The temperature is changing fast
bull Human activity is causing the change
Scientists can compare the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere today with the amount of carbon dioxide trapped in ancient ice cores which show that the atmosphere had less carbon dioxide in the past Source EPAs Climate Change Indicators (2010)
How do scientists know what the level of Carbon dioxide was in the distant past
One way is analyzing ICE CORESbull Video about ice cores httpserccarletonedueslabscryosphere4bhtml 231bull httpwwwnhmacuknature-onlineenvironmental-changemeasuring-climate-changeice-cor
es ice core scientists shows how to drill ice 221
Bubbles in ice recovered by drilling from deep within the Greenland Ice Sheet These bubbles are samples of pastatmospheres
Ancient ice contains climate information1) Bubbles trap the atmosphere
when that layer of ice was formed
2) Thickness of the layers can be seen indicating each year of ice formation
Figure 67 A Greenland ice core
EA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of Global Warmingand Our Energy Future Columbia University Press Source NOAA
Figure 83 The shrinking extent of old thick sea ice in the Arctic September 1988-September 2005 The area of old thick ice has been rapidly shrinking as the resultof prolonged melting and flow of ice out of the Arctic through the Fram Strait OW =open water The palegreen line encloses theregion of 90 iceconcentration
Ice free Arctic in summer soon
httpearthobservatorynasagovFeaturesLarsenIceShelf
Scientists had been observing theLarsen B for several years assumingthat it would eventually retreat But theywere stunned to see the ice shelfdisintegrate in a mere 35 days BetweenJanuary 31 and March 7 2002 the iceshelf lost 3250 square kilometers(about 1255 square miles) 1048754 an areasomewhat larger than Rhode Island 1048754sending a plume of icebergs into theWeddell Sea
Figure 101 The fuels used to produce all energy worldwide 2005Total global consumption of fuels in 2005 amounted to 488 exajoules(1018 joules) 87 of which was generated by fossil fuelsEA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of Global Warming and Our EnergyFuture Columbia University Press Data from Energy Information Agency DOE105
Figure 108 Renewable sources of power as proportions of total USelectric net summer capacity 2006The number in () are gigawatts of electrical capacity with correspondingpercentages of total capacity Biomass includes wood and derived fuels landfillgas municipal solid waste and agricultural by-products
Figure 109 Wind farmThe Maple Ridge WindFarm on the Tug HillPlateau in NY
EA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of GlobalWarming and Our Energy Future Columbia University PressSource National Renewable Energy Laboratory DOE
Overview of climate change epa
bull httpwwwepagovclimatechangekidsindexhtml ldquoclimate change basicsrdquo
Movement of air around earth
The movement of heat is called heat transfer Describe the heat transfer between a contain of hot water and air bull Hot water transfers heat energy to air
causing the air temperature to increaseDescribe the heat transfer between a container of ice and air bull Air transfers heat energy to ice causing
the air temperature to decrease
How does air above a hot surface move bull It will rise because hot air will
become less dense then the air around it Causing low air pressure
How does air above a cold surface move bull It will sink because it will be more
dense then air around it Causing high air pressure
a) What happens when air of the same temperature and humidity collide bull The air did not move much because the
air has similar densitiesB) What happens with air with different temperature and humidity collide bull The air in the cold tube sank the air in
the hot tube rose forming moving circulating air
C) Under what conditions do winds and rotating storms form bull Winds and storms form when air of
different temperature and therefore density meet
Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air Then in the space below explain why the air moves like this
When high pressure air meets low pressure air it forms windsThe air in the
cold tube became more dense forming high air pressure and sank
The air in the hot tube became less dense forming low air pressure and rose forming moving circulating air
Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air
The air in the cold tube became _More_dense forming __High___ air pressure and moved __Down_______
The air in the hot tube became _Less___dense forming _Low____ air pressure and it moved __up_______
Draw smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air
Question Would you expect wind to be formed in the air of set up A or B Why Wind will be formed in Set up A because two air masses of different temperatureor pressure are meeting
Set up ldquoArdquo Set up ldquoBrdquo
Convection Tube Quiz name _______________________
LAND and WATER Heat and Cool at different ratesAnalyze the following incomplete graph
Where do the following labels belong soil water time temperature time when heat turned off
Question 1) define convection movement of heat through air or water Warm air rises it expands and cools Cold air moves in to replace the rising warm air The cool air will then be heated and rise too 2) When is the land warming up faster than water During the dayWhat is warm airs density _low density______
3) Describe how the color of the ground can cause local winds Dark soils heat faster then light colored soil green fields forests Air above dark colored ground will rise to be replaced by cool air from the forests or fields
4) If the earth didnrsquot rotate describe what the global wind patterns would be like The earth would have 2 giant convection currents From the cold north and south poles the air would become dense and sink moving toward the equator then heat and rising moving back to the pole 5) Since the earth does rotate causing the Coriolis Effect how many different patterns of wind convection currents are there in the northern hemisphere 3 What are they called The easterlies move from the east to the west The westerlies move from the west to the east The trade winds move from the east to the west 6) What happens where the Westerlies meet the Easterlies in North America Weather changes are common where the two air masses meet
7) Draw the earth with arrows showing the predominant winds and label their names
bull During the day the land heats faster then the water becoming warmer then the water
bull The hot air above land become less dense and rises
bull The cool air above the water will become more dense and sink
bull This pattern causes cool air from the water over to blow over the land
bull At night the land cools faster then the water the land will become colder then the water
bull This cold air above land will become more dense and sink
bull The hot air above the water will become less dense and rise
bull This pattern causes cool air from the land to blow over the water 6 minute lecture convection current sea breeze and land breeze
httpwwwbingcomvideossearchq=land+breeze+sea+breeze+videoampFORM=VIRE11view=detailampmid=D95C8834DFF47CEDDE95D95C8834DFF47CEDDE95
2 minute video high pressure low pressurehttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=ZQV72Yzmjyc
bull Warm air with low density will rise creating an area of low air pressure
bull Cold air with high density will sink creating an area of high air pressure
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- What causes the seasons Quiz
- Seasons quiz continued
- Seasons quiz continued (2)
- Seasons quiz continued (3)
- Seasons quiz continued (4)
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- What causes the seasons
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- What causes the seasons Continued
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Using the solar demonstrator
- Is there a difference between GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE and GLOBA
- Weather Vs Climate
- Weather
- Why is the Earth the temperature it is
- The Greenhouse Effect
- 2 ways human activity is adding CO2 to the atmosphere
- DEFORESTATION The importance of plants
- What will an increase in global temperature averages do MORE
- Drier conditions in the Central US
- Farming
- A More Extreme Water Cycle will effect
- What will the increase in temperature cause
- Effecting the Oceans
- What can you do to reduce greenhouse gases
- The temperature on Earth has changed many times throughout itrsquos
- How do scientists know what the level of Carbon dioxide was in
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Overview of climate change epa
- Movement of air around earth
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to (2)
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-
Climate zones are areas with distinct climates
The solar radiation reaches the ground on different parts of the Earth with different angles On the equator the sunlight reaches the ground almost perpendicularly whilst at the poles the angle of the Sun is lower or even under the horizon during the polar night
httpcontentmeteobluecomenmeteoscoolgeneral-climate-zones
There are 4 major climate zonesbullTropical zone from 0degndash235deg(between the tropics)
bull In the regions between the equator and the tropics (equatorial region) the solar radiation reaches the ground nearly vertically at noontime during almost the entire year Thereby it is very warm in these regions Through high temperatures more water evaporates and the air is often moist The resulting frequent and dense cloud cover reduces the effect of solar radiation on ground temperature
bullSubtropics from 235degndash40degbull The subtropics receive the highest radiation in summer since the Suns angle at noon is almost vertical to the
Earth whilst the cloud cover is relatively thin These regions receive less moisture (seetrade winds) what increases the effect of radiation Therefore most of the deserts in the world are situated in this zone In winter the radiation in these regions decreases significantly and it can temporarily be very cool and moist
bullTemperate zone from 40degndash60degbull In the temperate zone the solar radiation arrives with a smaller angle and the average temperatures here are
much cooler than in the subtropics The seasons and daylength differ significantly in the course of a year The climate is characterised by less frequent extremes a more regular distribution of the precipitation over the year and a longer vegetation period - therefore the name temperate
bullCold zone from 60degndash90degbull The polar areas between 60deg latitude and the poles receive less heat through solar radiation since the Sun
has a very flat angle toward the ground Because of the changes of the Earth axis angle to the Sun the daylength varies most in this zone In the summer polar days occur Vegetation is only possible during a few months per year and even then is often sparse The conditions for life in these regions are very hard
The characteristics of the climate zones change with great altitude differences within a small area like in mountain areas since temperatures decrease rapidly with altitude changing the climate compared to valleys
httpwwwlawrencehallofscienceorgpasspassv12PASSv12SolarMotionDemopdf
Background Questions
1 What does the metal brad represent 2 What does the black dot in the
middle of the compass rose represent
3 What is the latitude for Rhode Island 4 What is the latitude at the North
Pole 5 What is the latitude at the equator
417 deg N 715 deg WRhode Island Coordinates
Solar Demonstrator Activity
How to use solar demonstrator httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=ovC-HNH4Rr0
Using the solar demonstratorbull Test 1
1 Place the wheel at Rhode Islands Latitude Place the metal brad at the summer solstice and observe the path of the sun as it move from east to west across the sky
2 Move to the winter solstice and repeat3 QUESTION TEST 1 Describe the difference in the sunrsquos motion in the summer
versus the winter as seen from Rhode Island bull Test 2
1 Repeat but set the latitude near the equator2 QUESTION TEST 2 Describe the difference in the sunrsquos motion in the summer
versus the winter as seen from the equatorbull Test 3
1 Repeat but set the latitude near the north pole2 QUESTION TEST 3 Describe the difference in the sunrsquos motion in the summer
versus the winter as seen from the north pole
Final Question Describe how the solar demonstrators proves that the solar radiation differs between the equatorial regions temperate regions and polar regions
Is there a difference between GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE
and GLOBAL WARMING
NO they mean the same thing
The two terms refer to the same issue
The average global temperature is on the rise
Weather Vs Climate
bull Climate is what we expect weather is what we get ndash Mark Twain
bull Today helliphellipWEATHER is the temperature wind pressure precipitation at a given time in a given place
bull Over many years CLIMATE refers to the average weather conditions in a certain place
Weather
bull Climate in Rhode Island has a moist continental climate with four distinct seasons Its weather is tempered by sea winds particularly in the Seaboard Lowland which has a more moderate climate than the rest of New England The average annual temperature is about 50o F (10o C) in various parts of the state
Climate
httpwwwturnto10comweather
Why is the Earth the temperature it is bull The greenhouse effect greenhouse gases like water
vapor carbon dioxide and methane trap heat in the atmosphere keeping the Earth warm
httpwwwepagovclimatechangekidsbasicsindexhtml video 155
The Greenhouse Effect
Solar Radiation
Infrared radiation (heat)
On the diagram add the following labels Solar rays Infrared raysCarbon dioxide Heat escaping to spaceHeat bouncing off greenhouse gas to keep Earth warm
Carbon Dioxide
Heat escaping to space
Heat bouncing off greenhouse gas
2 ways human activity is adding CO2 to the atmosphere
Burning fossil fuels (coal oil natural gas)ndash This removes stored
carbon underground and releases it as gas
ndash Deforestation(killing trees faster then they can re-grow)
ndash Cutting down trees prevents them from taking CO2 out of the air
ndash Burning trees releases CO2 stored in the tree into the atmosphere
httpwwwfwccomimagesLowNoxCombustionSystems2jpg
httpblogwiredcomcarsimages20071213emissionsjpg
DEFORESTATION The importance of plants
bull Plants remove CO2 from the air in photosynthesis and store it as they grow
bull When plants and animals die some of the carbon will become fossil fuels under the surface of the earth
What will an increase in global temperature averages do MORE EXTREME WATER CYCLE
bull Coastal areas will have increased precipitation (rain snow)ndash More runoff ndash Increase in flooding
bull Areas away from the coast will have decreased precipitation ndash soils dry out ndash Droughtndash Less water in lakes and rivers
Drier conditions in the Central US
Who cares if it gets drier in the central US
Farming
bull Where is there more farming ndash A Exeter Rhode Island (home of Schartner Farms)
ndash B Colby Kansasndash See the Satellite Images of each ndash httpmapsgooglecommapshl=enamptab=wlampq=
exeter2C20Rhode20Islandndash httpmapsgooglecommaps
hl=enamptab=wlampq=exeter2C20Rhode20Island
bull Plantsbull Animalsbull Humans
A More Extreme Water Cycle will effect
What will the increase in temperature cause
bull Increased drought in some placesndash This could affect food supply
bull Increased flooding in some placesndash The highest human populations are along the coast
bull Populations of plants and animals may not be able to survive a change in their habitat they may become extinct ndash This may affect other organisms in the food webndash Entire ecosystems could change
Effecting the Oceansbull Changing Climate Means Changing Oceans
httpwwwnprorg20110121133117332changing-climate-means-changing-oceans Science Friday Jan 2011
bull Ocean water is becoming more acidic ndash httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=lIBTuJqPHIkampfeature=player_detailpage you tube ocean acidification NBC 321ndash A change of pH causes shelled organisms to be less able to produce shell this will change food webs ndash httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=Wo-bHt1bOsw chemistry of ocean acidication 3 minutes
bull ocean circulation patterns changingbull fisheries corals plankton shellfish changing bull Sea level is rising because 1) polar ice and
glaciers are melting and 2) the water itself is expanding as it warms up
What can you do to reduce greenhouse gases
Use less coal oil and natural gas for energy bull Turn off the lights when you leave a room bull Turn off your computer and other electronic devices when
youre not using them bull Drive less Instead walk ride your bike or use public
transportation if you can bull Use less water bull Create less waste bull Recycle used paper cans bottles and other materials
The temperature on Earth has changed many times throughout itrsquos history whatrsquos the big deal
bull The temperature is changing fast
bull Human activity is causing the change
Scientists can compare the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere today with the amount of carbon dioxide trapped in ancient ice cores which show that the atmosphere had less carbon dioxide in the past Source EPAs Climate Change Indicators (2010)
How do scientists know what the level of Carbon dioxide was in the distant past
One way is analyzing ICE CORESbull Video about ice cores httpserccarletonedueslabscryosphere4bhtml 231bull httpwwwnhmacuknature-onlineenvironmental-changemeasuring-climate-changeice-cor
es ice core scientists shows how to drill ice 221
Bubbles in ice recovered by drilling from deep within the Greenland Ice Sheet These bubbles are samples of pastatmospheres
Ancient ice contains climate information1) Bubbles trap the atmosphere
when that layer of ice was formed
2) Thickness of the layers can be seen indicating each year of ice formation
Figure 67 A Greenland ice core
EA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of Global Warmingand Our Energy Future Columbia University Press Source NOAA
Figure 83 The shrinking extent of old thick sea ice in the Arctic September 1988-September 2005 The area of old thick ice has been rapidly shrinking as the resultof prolonged melting and flow of ice out of the Arctic through the Fram Strait OW =open water The palegreen line encloses theregion of 90 iceconcentration
Ice free Arctic in summer soon
httpearthobservatorynasagovFeaturesLarsenIceShelf
Scientists had been observing theLarsen B for several years assumingthat it would eventually retreat But theywere stunned to see the ice shelfdisintegrate in a mere 35 days BetweenJanuary 31 and March 7 2002 the iceshelf lost 3250 square kilometers(about 1255 square miles) 1048754 an areasomewhat larger than Rhode Island 1048754sending a plume of icebergs into theWeddell Sea
Figure 101 The fuels used to produce all energy worldwide 2005Total global consumption of fuels in 2005 amounted to 488 exajoules(1018 joules) 87 of which was generated by fossil fuelsEA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of Global Warming and Our EnergyFuture Columbia University Press Data from Energy Information Agency DOE105
Figure 108 Renewable sources of power as proportions of total USelectric net summer capacity 2006The number in () are gigawatts of electrical capacity with correspondingpercentages of total capacity Biomass includes wood and derived fuels landfillgas municipal solid waste and agricultural by-products
Figure 109 Wind farmThe Maple Ridge WindFarm on the Tug HillPlateau in NY
EA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of GlobalWarming and Our Energy Future Columbia University PressSource National Renewable Energy Laboratory DOE
Overview of climate change epa
bull httpwwwepagovclimatechangekidsindexhtml ldquoclimate change basicsrdquo
Movement of air around earth
The movement of heat is called heat transfer Describe the heat transfer between a contain of hot water and air bull Hot water transfers heat energy to air
causing the air temperature to increaseDescribe the heat transfer between a container of ice and air bull Air transfers heat energy to ice causing
the air temperature to decrease
How does air above a hot surface move bull It will rise because hot air will
become less dense then the air around it Causing low air pressure
How does air above a cold surface move bull It will sink because it will be more
dense then air around it Causing high air pressure
a) What happens when air of the same temperature and humidity collide bull The air did not move much because the
air has similar densitiesB) What happens with air with different temperature and humidity collide bull The air in the cold tube sank the air in
the hot tube rose forming moving circulating air
C) Under what conditions do winds and rotating storms form bull Winds and storms form when air of
different temperature and therefore density meet
Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air Then in the space below explain why the air moves like this
When high pressure air meets low pressure air it forms windsThe air in the
cold tube became more dense forming high air pressure and sank
The air in the hot tube became less dense forming low air pressure and rose forming moving circulating air
Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air
The air in the cold tube became _More_dense forming __High___ air pressure and moved __Down_______
The air in the hot tube became _Less___dense forming _Low____ air pressure and it moved __up_______
Draw smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air
Question Would you expect wind to be formed in the air of set up A or B Why Wind will be formed in Set up A because two air masses of different temperatureor pressure are meeting
Set up ldquoArdquo Set up ldquoBrdquo
Convection Tube Quiz name _______________________
LAND and WATER Heat and Cool at different ratesAnalyze the following incomplete graph
Where do the following labels belong soil water time temperature time when heat turned off
Question 1) define convection movement of heat through air or water Warm air rises it expands and cools Cold air moves in to replace the rising warm air The cool air will then be heated and rise too 2) When is the land warming up faster than water During the dayWhat is warm airs density _low density______
3) Describe how the color of the ground can cause local winds Dark soils heat faster then light colored soil green fields forests Air above dark colored ground will rise to be replaced by cool air from the forests or fields
4) If the earth didnrsquot rotate describe what the global wind patterns would be like The earth would have 2 giant convection currents From the cold north and south poles the air would become dense and sink moving toward the equator then heat and rising moving back to the pole 5) Since the earth does rotate causing the Coriolis Effect how many different patterns of wind convection currents are there in the northern hemisphere 3 What are they called The easterlies move from the east to the west The westerlies move from the west to the east The trade winds move from the east to the west 6) What happens where the Westerlies meet the Easterlies in North America Weather changes are common where the two air masses meet
7) Draw the earth with arrows showing the predominant winds and label their names
bull During the day the land heats faster then the water becoming warmer then the water
bull The hot air above land become less dense and rises
bull The cool air above the water will become more dense and sink
bull This pattern causes cool air from the water over to blow over the land
bull At night the land cools faster then the water the land will become colder then the water
bull This cold air above land will become more dense and sink
bull The hot air above the water will become less dense and rise
bull This pattern causes cool air from the land to blow over the water 6 minute lecture convection current sea breeze and land breeze
httpwwwbingcomvideossearchq=land+breeze+sea+breeze+videoampFORM=VIRE11view=detailampmid=D95C8834DFF47CEDDE95D95C8834DFF47CEDDE95
2 minute video high pressure low pressurehttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=ZQV72Yzmjyc
bull Warm air with low density will rise creating an area of low air pressure
bull Cold air with high density will sink creating an area of high air pressure
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- What causes the seasons Quiz
- Seasons quiz continued
- Seasons quiz continued (2)
- Seasons quiz continued (3)
- Seasons quiz continued (4)
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- What causes the seasons
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- What causes the seasons Continued
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Using the solar demonstrator
- Is there a difference between GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE and GLOBA
- Weather Vs Climate
- Weather
- Why is the Earth the temperature it is
- The Greenhouse Effect
- 2 ways human activity is adding CO2 to the atmosphere
- DEFORESTATION The importance of plants
- What will an increase in global temperature averages do MORE
- Drier conditions in the Central US
- Farming
- A More Extreme Water Cycle will effect
- What will the increase in temperature cause
- Effecting the Oceans
- What can you do to reduce greenhouse gases
- The temperature on Earth has changed many times throughout itrsquos
- How do scientists know what the level of Carbon dioxide was in
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Overview of climate change epa
- Movement of air around earth
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to (2)
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-
There are 4 major climate zonesbullTropical zone from 0degndash235deg(between the tropics)
bull In the regions between the equator and the tropics (equatorial region) the solar radiation reaches the ground nearly vertically at noontime during almost the entire year Thereby it is very warm in these regions Through high temperatures more water evaporates and the air is often moist The resulting frequent and dense cloud cover reduces the effect of solar radiation on ground temperature
bullSubtropics from 235degndash40degbull The subtropics receive the highest radiation in summer since the Suns angle at noon is almost vertical to the
Earth whilst the cloud cover is relatively thin These regions receive less moisture (seetrade winds) what increases the effect of radiation Therefore most of the deserts in the world are situated in this zone In winter the radiation in these regions decreases significantly and it can temporarily be very cool and moist
bullTemperate zone from 40degndash60degbull In the temperate zone the solar radiation arrives with a smaller angle and the average temperatures here are
much cooler than in the subtropics The seasons and daylength differ significantly in the course of a year The climate is characterised by less frequent extremes a more regular distribution of the precipitation over the year and a longer vegetation period - therefore the name temperate
bullCold zone from 60degndash90degbull The polar areas between 60deg latitude and the poles receive less heat through solar radiation since the Sun
has a very flat angle toward the ground Because of the changes of the Earth axis angle to the Sun the daylength varies most in this zone In the summer polar days occur Vegetation is only possible during a few months per year and even then is often sparse The conditions for life in these regions are very hard
The characteristics of the climate zones change with great altitude differences within a small area like in mountain areas since temperatures decrease rapidly with altitude changing the climate compared to valleys
httpwwwlawrencehallofscienceorgpasspassv12PASSv12SolarMotionDemopdf
Background Questions
1 What does the metal brad represent 2 What does the black dot in the
middle of the compass rose represent
3 What is the latitude for Rhode Island 4 What is the latitude at the North
Pole 5 What is the latitude at the equator
417 deg N 715 deg WRhode Island Coordinates
Solar Demonstrator Activity
How to use solar demonstrator httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=ovC-HNH4Rr0
Using the solar demonstratorbull Test 1
1 Place the wheel at Rhode Islands Latitude Place the metal brad at the summer solstice and observe the path of the sun as it move from east to west across the sky
2 Move to the winter solstice and repeat3 QUESTION TEST 1 Describe the difference in the sunrsquos motion in the summer
versus the winter as seen from Rhode Island bull Test 2
1 Repeat but set the latitude near the equator2 QUESTION TEST 2 Describe the difference in the sunrsquos motion in the summer
versus the winter as seen from the equatorbull Test 3
1 Repeat but set the latitude near the north pole2 QUESTION TEST 3 Describe the difference in the sunrsquos motion in the summer
versus the winter as seen from the north pole
Final Question Describe how the solar demonstrators proves that the solar radiation differs between the equatorial regions temperate regions and polar regions
Is there a difference between GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE
and GLOBAL WARMING
NO they mean the same thing
The two terms refer to the same issue
The average global temperature is on the rise
Weather Vs Climate
bull Climate is what we expect weather is what we get ndash Mark Twain
bull Today helliphellipWEATHER is the temperature wind pressure precipitation at a given time in a given place
bull Over many years CLIMATE refers to the average weather conditions in a certain place
Weather
bull Climate in Rhode Island has a moist continental climate with four distinct seasons Its weather is tempered by sea winds particularly in the Seaboard Lowland which has a more moderate climate than the rest of New England The average annual temperature is about 50o F (10o C) in various parts of the state
Climate
httpwwwturnto10comweather
Why is the Earth the temperature it is bull The greenhouse effect greenhouse gases like water
vapor carbon dioxide and methane trap heat in the atmosphere keeping the Earth warm
httpwwwepagovclimatechangekidsbasicsindexhtml video 155
The Greenhouse Effect
Solar Radiation
Infrared radiation (heat)
On the diagram add the following labels Solar rays Infrared raysCarbon dioxide Heat escaping to spaceHeat bouncing off greenhouse gas to keep Earth warm
Carbon Dioxide
Heat escaping to space
Heat bouncing off greenhouse gas
2 ways human activity is adding CO2 to the atmosphere
Burning fossil fuels (coal oil natural gas)ndash This removes stored
carbon underground and releases it as gas
ndash Deforestation(killing trees faster then they can re-grow)
ndash Cutting down trees prevents them from taking CO2 out of the air
ndash Burning trees releases CO2 stored in the tree into the atmosphere
httpwwwfwccomimagesLowNoxCombustionSystems2jpg
httpblogwiredcomcarsimages20071213emissionsjpg
DEFORESTATION The importance of plants
bull Plants remove CO2 from the air in photosynthesis and store it as they grow
bull When plants and animals die some of the carbon will become fossil fuels under the surface of the earth
What will an increase in global temperature averages do MORE EXTREME WATER CYCLE
bull Coastal areas will have increased precipitation (rain snow)ndash More runoff ndash Increase in flooding
bull Areas away from the coast will have decreased precipitation ndash soils dry out ndash Droughtndash Less water in lakes and rivers
Drier conditions in the Central US
Who cares if it gets drier in the central US
Farming
bull Where is there more farming ndash A Exeter Rhode Island (home of Schartner Farms)
ndash B Colby Kansasndash See the Satellite Images of each ndash httpmapsgooglecommapshl=enamptab=wlampq=
exeter2C20Rhode20Islandndash httpmapsgooglecommaps
hl=enamptab=wlampq=exeter2C20Rhode20Island
bull Plantsbull Animalsbull Humans
A More Extreme Water Cycle will effect
What will the increase in temperature cause
bull Increased drought in some placesndash This could affect food supply
bull Increased flooding in some placesndash The highest human populations are along the coast
bull Populations of plants and animals may not be able to survive a change in their habitat they may become extinct ndash This may affect other organisms in the food webndash Entire ecosystems could change
Effecting the Oceansbull Changing Climate Means Changing Oceans
httpwwwnprorg20110121133117332changing-climate-means-changing-oceans Science Friday Jan 2011
bull Ocean water is becoming more acidic ndash httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=lIBTuJqPHIkampfeature=player_detailpage you tube ocean acidification NBC 321ndash A change of pH causes shelled organisms to be less able to produce shell this will change food webs ndash httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=Wo-bHt1bOsw chemistry of ocean acidication 3 minutes
bull ocean circulation patterns changingbull fisheries corals plankton shellfish changing bull Sea level is rising because 1) polar ice and
glaciers are melting and 2) the water itself is expanding as it warms up
What can you do to reduce greenhouse gases
Use less coal oil and natural gas for energy bull Turn off the lights when you leave a room bull Turn off your computer and other electronic devices when
youre not using them bull Drive less Instead walk ride your bike or use public
transportation if you can bull Use less water bull Create less waste bull Recycle used paper cans bottles and other materials
The temperature on Earth has changed many times throughout itrsquos history whatrsquos the big deal
bull The temperature is changing fast
bull Human activity is causing the change
Scientists can compare the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere today with the amount of carbon dioxide trapped in ancient ice cores which show that the atmosphere had less carbon dioxide in the past Source EPAs Climate Change Indicators (2010)
How do scientists know what the level of Carbon dioxide was in the distant past
One way is analyzing ICE CORESbull Video about ice cores httpserccarletonedueslabscryosphere4bhtml 231bull httpwwwnhmacuknature-onlineenvironmental-changemeasuring-climate-changeice-cor
es ice core scientists shows how to drill ice 221
Bubbles in ice recovered by drilling from deep within the Greenland Ice Sheet These bubbles are samples of pastatmospheres
Ancient ice contains climate information1) Bubbles trap the atmosphere
when that layer of ice was formed
2) Thickness of the layers can be seen indicating each year of ice formation
Figure 67 A Greenland ice core
EA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of Global Warmingand Our Energy Future Columbia University Press Source NOAA
Figure 83 The shrinking extent of old thick sea ice in the Arctic September 1988-September 2005 The area of old thick ice has been rapidly shrinking as the resultof prolonged melting and flow of ice out of the Arctic through the Fram Strait OW =open water The palegreen line encloses theregion of 90 iceconcentration
Ice free Arctic in summer soon
httpearthobservatorynasagovFeaturesLarsenIceShelf
Scientists had been observing theLarsen B for several years assumingthat it would eventually retreat But theywere stunned to see the ice shelfdisintegrate in a mere 35 days BetweenJanuary 31 and March 7 2002 the iceshelf lost 3250 square kilometers(about 1255 square miles) 1048754 an areasomewhat larger than Rhode Island 1048754sending a plume of icebergs into theWeddell Sea
Figure 101 The fuels used to produce all energy worldwide 2005Total global consumption of fuels in 2005 amounted to 488 exajoules(1018 joules) 87 of which was generated by fossil fuelsEA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of Global Warming and Our EnergyFuture Columbia University Press Data from Energy Information Agency DOE105
Figure 108 Renewable sources of power as proportions of total USelectric net summer capacity 2006The number in () are gigawatts of electrical capacity with correspondingpercentages of total capacity Biomass includes wood and derived fuels landfillgas municipal solid waste and agricultural by-products
Figure 109 Wind farmThe Maple Ridge WindFarm on the Tug HillPlateau in NY
EA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of GlobalWarming and Our Energy Future Columbia University PressSource National Renewable Energy Laboratory DOE
Overview of climate change epa
bull httpwwwepagovclimatechangekidsindexhtml ldquoclimate change basicsrdquo
Movement of air around earth
The movement of heat is called heat transfer Describe the heat transfer between a contain of hot water and air bull Hot water transfers heat energy to air
causing the air temperature to increaseDescribe the heat transfer between a container of ice and air bull Air transfers heat energy to ice causing
the air temperature to decrease
How does air above a hot surface move bull It will rise because hot air will
become less dense then the air around it Causing low air pressure
How does air above a cold surface move bull It will sink because it will be more
dense then air around it Causing high air pressure
a) What happens when air of the same temperature and humidity collide bull The air did not move much because the
air has similar densitiesB) What happens with air with different temperature and humidity collide bull The air in the cold tube sank the air in
the hot tube rose forming moving circulating air
C) Under what conditions do winds and rotating storms form bull Winds and storms form when air of
different temperature and therefore density meet
Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air Then in the space below explain why the air moves like this
When high pressure air meets low pressure air it forms windsThe air in the
cold tube became more dense forming high air pressure and sank
The air in the hot tube became less dense forming low air pressure and rose forming moving circulating air
Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air
The air in the cold tube became _More_dense forming __High___ air pressure and moved __Down_______
The air in the hot tube became _Less___dense forming _Low____ air pressure and it moved __up_______
Draw smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air
Question Would you expect wind to be formed in the air of set up A or B Why Wind will be formed in Set up A because two air masses of different temperatureor pressure are meeting
Set up ldquoArdquo Set up ldquoBrdquo
Convection Tube Quiz name _______________________
LAND and WATER Heat and Cool at different ratesAnalyze the following incomplete graph
Where do the following labels belong soil water time temperature time when heat turned off
Question 1) define convection movement of heat through air or water Warm air rises it expands and cools Cold air moves in to replace the rising warm air The cool air will then be heated and rise too 2) When is the land warming up faster than water During the dayWhat is warm airs density _low density______
3) Describe how the color of the ground can cause local winds Dark soils heat faster then light colored soil green fields forests Air above dark colored ground will rise to be replaced by cool air from the forests or fields
4) If the earth didnrsquot rotate describe what the global wind patterns would be like The earth would have 2 giant convection currents From the cold north and south poles the air would become dense and sink moving toward the equator then heat and rising moving back to the pole 5) Since the earth does rotate causing the Coriolis Effect how many different patterns of wind convection currents are there in the northern hemisphere 3 What are they called The easterlies move from the east to the west The westerlies move from the west to the east The trade winds move from the east to the west 6) What happens where the Westerlies meet the Easterlies in North America Weather changes are common where the two air masses meet
7) Draw the earth with arrows showing the predominant winds and label their names
bull During the day the land heats faster then the water becoming warmer then the water
bull The hot air above land become less dense and rises
bull The cool air above the water will become more dense and sink
bull This pattern causes cool air from the water over to blow over the land
bull At night the land cools faster then the water the land will become colder then the water
bull This cold air above land will become more dense and sink
bull The hot air above the water will become less dense and rise
bull This pattern causes cool air from the land to blow over the water 6 minute lecture convection current sea breeze and land breeze
httpwwwbingcomvideossearchq=land+breeze+sea+breeze+videoampFORM=VIRE11view=detailampmid=D95C8834DFF47CEDDE95D95C8834DFF47CEDDE95
2 minute video high pressure low pressurehttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=ZQV72Yzmjyc
bull Warm air with low density will rise creating an area of low air pressure
bull Cold air with high density will sink creating an area of high air pressure
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- What causes the seasons Quiz
- Seasons quiz continued
- Seasons quiz continued (2)
- Seasons quiz continued (3)
- Seasons quiz continued (4)
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- What causes the seasons
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- What causes the seasons Continued
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Using the solar demonstrator
- Is there a difference between GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE and GLOBA
- Weather Vs Climate
- Weather
- Why is the Earth the temperature it is
- The Greenhouse Effect
- 2 ways human activity is adding CO2 to the atmosphere
- DEFORESTATION The importance of plants
- What will an increase in global temperature averages do MORE
- Drier conditions in the Central US
- Farming
- A More Extreme Water Cycle will effect
- What will the increase in temperature cause
- Effecting the Oceans
- What can you do to reduce greenhouse gases
- The temperature on Earth has changed many times throughout itrsquos
- How do scientists know what the level of Carbon dioxide was in
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Overview of climate change epa
- Movement of air around earth
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to (2)
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-
httpwwwlawrencehallofscienceorgpasspassv12PASSv12SolarMotionDemopdf
Background Questions
1 What does the metal brad represent 2 What does the black dot in the
middle of the compass rose represent
3 What is the latitude for Rhode Island 4 What is the latitude at the North
Pole 5 What is the latitude at the equator
417 deg N 715 deg WRhode Island Coordinates
Solar Demonstrator Activity
How to use solar demonstrator httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=ovC-HNH4Rr0
Using the solar demonstratorbull Test 1
1 Place the wheel at Rhode Islands Latitude Place the metal brad at the summer solstice and observe the path of the sun as it move from east to west across the sky
2 Move to the winter solstice and repeat3 QUESTION TEST 1 Describe the difference in the sunrsquos motion in the summer
versus the winter as seen from Rhode Island bull Test 2
1 Repeat but set the latitude near the equator2 QUESTION TEST 2 Describe the difference in the sunrsquos motion in the summer
versus the winter as seen from the equatorbull Test 3
1 Repeat but set the latitude near the north pole2 QUESTION TEST 3 Describe the difference in the sunrsquos motion in the summer
versus the winter as seen from the north pole
Final Question Describe how the solar demonstrators proves that the solar radiation differs between the equatorial regions temperate regions and polar regions
Is there a difference between GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE
and GLOBAL WARMING
NO they mean the same thing
The two terms refer to the same issue
The average global temperature is on the rise
Weather Vs Climate
bull Climate is what we expect weather is what we get ndash Mark Twain
bull Today helliphellipWEATHER is the temperature wind pressure precipitation at a given time in a given place
bull Over many years CLIMATE refers to the average weather conditions in a certain place
Weather
bull Climate in Rhode Island has a moist continental climate with four distinct seasons Its weather is tempered by sea winds particularly in the Seaboard Lowland which has a more moderate climate than the rest of New England The average annual temperature is about 50o F (10o C) in various parts of the state
Climate
httpwwwturnto10comweather
Why is the Earth the temperature it is bull The greenhouse effect greenhouse gases like water
vapor carbon dioxide and methane trap heat in the atmosphere keeping the Earth warm
httpwwwepagovclimatechangekidsbasicsindexhtml video 155
The Greenhouse Effect
Solar Radiation
Infrared radiation (heat)
On the diagram add the following labels Solar rays Infrared raysCarbon dioxide Heat escaping to spaceHeat bouncing off greenhouse gas to keep Earth warm
Carbon Dioxide
Heat escaping to space
Heat bouncing off greenhouse gas
2 ways human activity is adding CO2 to the atmosphere
Burning fossil fuels (coal oil natural gas)ndash This removes stored
carbon underground and releases it as gas
ndash Deforestation(killing trees faster then they can re-grow)
ndash Cutting down trees prevents them from taking CO2 out of the air
ndash Burning trees releases CO2 stored in the tree into the atmosphere
httpwwwfwccomimagesLowNoxCombustionSystems2jpg
httpblogwiredcomcarsimages20071213emissionsjpg
DEFORESTATION The importance of plants
bull Plants remove CO2 from the air in photosynthesis and store it as they grow
bull When plants and animals die some of the carbon will become fossil fuels under the surface of the earth
What will an increase in global temperature averages do MORE EXTREME WATER CYCLE
bull Coastal areas will have increased precipitation (rain snow)ndash More runoff ndash Increase in flooding
bull Areas away from the coast will have decreased precipitation ndash soils dry out ndash Droughtndash Less water in lakes and rivers
Drier conditions in the Central US
Who cares if it gets drier in the central US
Farming
bull Where is there more farming ndash A Exeter Rhode Island (home of Schartner Farms)
ndash B Colby Kansasndash See the Satellite Images of each ndash httpmapsgooglecommapshl=enamptab=wlampq=
exeter2C20Rhode20Islandndash httpmapsgooglecommaps
hl=enamptab=wlampq=exeter2C20Rhode20Island
bull Plantsbull Animalsbull Humans
A More Extreme Water Cycle will effect
What will the increase in temperature cause
bull Increased drought in some placesndash This could affect food supply
bull Increased flooding in some placesndash The highest human populations are along the coast
bull Populations of plants and animals may not be able to survive a change in their habitat they may become extinct ndash This may affect other organisms in the food webndash Entire ecosystems could change
Effecting the Oceansbull Changing Climate Means Changing Oceans
httpwwwnprorg20110121133117332changing-climate-means-changing-oceans Science Friday Jan 2011
bull Ocean water is becoming more acidic ndash httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=lIBTuJqPHIkampfeature=player_detailpage you tube ocean acidification NBC 321ndash A change of pH causes shelled organisms to be less able to produce shell this will change food webs ndash httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=Wo-bHt1bOsw chemistry of ocean acidication 3 minutes
bull ocean circulation patterns changingbull fisheries corals plankton shellfish changing bull Sea level is rising because 1) polar ice and
glaciers are melting and 2) the water itself is expanding as it warms up
What can you do to reduce greenhouse gases
Use less coal oil and natural gas for energy bull Turn off the lights when you leave a room bull Turn off your computer and other electronic devices when
youre not using them bull Drive less Instead walk ride your bike or use public
transportation if you can bull Use less water bull Create less waste bull Recycle used paper cans bottles and other materials
The temperature on Earth has changed many times throughout itrsquos history whatrsquos the big deal
bull The temperature is changing fast
bull Human activity is causing the change
Scientists can compare the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere today with the amount of carbon dioxide trapped in ancient ice cores which show that the atmosphere had less carbon dioxide in the past Source EPAs Climate Change Indicators (2010)
How do scientists know what the level of Carbon dioxide was in the distant past
One way is analyzing ICE CORESbull Video about ice cores httpserccarletonedueslabscryosphere4bhtml 231bull httpwwwnhmacuknature-onlineenvironmental-changemeasuring-climate-changeice-cor
es ice core scientists shows how to drill ice 221
Bubbles in ice recovered by drilling from deep within the Greenland Ice Sheet These bubbles are samples of pastatmospheres
Ancient ice contains climate information1) Bubbles trap the atmosphere
when that layer of ice was formed
2) Thickness of the layers can be seen indicating each year of ice formation
Figure 67 A Greenland ice core
EA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of Global Warmingand Our Energy Future Columbia University Press Source NOAA
Figure 83 The shrinking extent of old thick sea ice in the Arctic September 1988-September 2005 The area of old thick ice has been rapidly shrinking as the resultof prolonged melting and flow of ice out of the Arctic through the Fram Strait OW =open water The palegreen line encloses theregion of 90 iceconcentration
Ice free Arctic in summer soon
httpearthobservatorynasagovFeaturesLarsenIceShelf
Scientists had been observing theLarsen B for several years assumingthat it would eventually retreat But theywere stunned to see the ice shelfdisintegrate in a mere 35 days BetweenJanuary 31 and March 7 2002 the iceshelf lost 3250 square kilometers(about 1255 square miles) 1048754 an areasomewhat larger than Rhode Island 1048754sending a plume of icebergs into theWeddell Sea
Figure 101 The fuels used to produce all energy worldwide 2005Total global consumption of fuels in 2005 amounted to 488 exajoules(1018 joules) 87 of which was generated by fossil fuelsEA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of Global Warming and Our EnergyFuture Columbia University Press Data from Energy Information Agency DOE105
Figure 108 Renewable sources of power as proportions of total USelectric net summer capacity 2006The number in () are gigawatts of electrical capacity with correspondingpercentages of total capacity Biomass includes wood and derived fuels landfillgas municipal solid waste and agricultural by-products
Figure 109 Wind farmThe Maple Ridge WindFarm on the Tug HillPlateau in NY
EA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of GlobalWarming and Our Energy Future Columbia University PressSource National Renewable Energy Laboratory DOE
Overview of climate change epa
bull httpwwwepagovclimatechangekidsindexhtml ldquoclimate change basicsrdquo
Movement of air around earth
The movement of heat is called heat transfer Describe the heat transfer between a contain of hot water and air bull Hot water transfers heat energy to air
causing the air temperature to increaseDescribe the heat transfer between a container of ice and air bull Air transfers heat energy to ice causing
the air temperature to decrease
How does air above a hot surface move bull It will rise because hot air will
become less dense then the air around it Causing low air pressure
How does air above a cold surface move bull It will sink because it will be more
dense then air around it Causing high air pressure
a) What happens when air of the same temperature and humidity collide bull The air did not move much because the
air has similar densitiesB) What happens with air with different temperature and humidity collide bull The air in the cold tube sank the air in
the hot tube rose forming moving circulating air
C) Under what conditions do winds and rotating storms form bull Winds and storms form when air of
different temperature and therefore density meet
Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air Then in the space below explain why the air moves like this
When high pressure air meets low pressure air it forms windsThe air in the
cold tube became more dense forming high air pressure and sank
The air in the hot tube became less dense forming low air pressure and rose forming moving circulating air
Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air
The air in the cold tube became _More_dense forming __High___ air pressure and moved __Down_______
The air in the hot tube became _Less___dense forming _Low____ air pressure and it moved __up_______
Draw smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air
Question Would you expect wind to be formed in the air of set up A or B Why Wind will be formed in Set up A because two air masses of different temperatureor pressure are meeting
Set up ldquoArdquo Set up ldquoBrdquo
Convection Tube Quiz name _______________________
LAND and WATER Heat and Cool at different ratesAnalyze the following incomplete graph
Where do the following labels belong soil water time temperature time when heat turned off
Question 1) define convection movement of heat through air or water Warm air rises it expands and cools Cold air moves in to replace the rising warm air The cool air will then be heated and rise too 2) When is the land warming up faster than water During the dayWhat is warm airs density _low density______
3) Describe how the color of the ground can cause local winds Dark soils heat faster then light colored soil green fields forests Air above dark colored ground will rise to be replaced by cool air from the forests or fields
4) If the earth didnrsquot rotate describe what the global wind patterns would be like The earth would have 2 giant convection currents From the cold north and south poles the air would become dense and sink moving toward the equator then heat and rising moving back to the pole 5) Since the earth does rotate causing the Coriolis Effect how many different patterns of wind convection currents are there in the northern hemisphere 3 What are they called The easterlies move from the east to the west The westerlies move from the west to the east The trade winds move from the east to the west 6) What happens where the Westerlies meet the Easterlies in North America Weather changes are common where the two air masses meet
7) Draw the earth with arrows showing the predominant winds and label their names
bull During the day the land heats faster then the water becoming warmer then the water
bull The hot air above land become less dense and rises
bull The cool air above the water will become more dense and sink
bull This pattern causes cool air from the water over to blow over the land
bull At night the land cools faster then the water the land will become colder then the water
bull This cold air above land will become more dense and sink
bull The hot air above the water will become less dense and rise
bull This pattern causes cool air from the land to blow over the water 6 minute lecture convection current sea breeze and land breeze
httpwwwbingcomvideossearchq=land+breeze+sea+breeze+videoampFORM=VIRE11view=detailampmid=D95C8834DFF47CEDDE95D95C8834DFF47CEDDE95
2 minute video high pressure low pressurehttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=ZQV72Yzmjyc
bull Warm air with low density will rise creating an area of low air pressure
bull Cold air with high density will sink creating an area of high air pressure
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- What causes the seasons Quiz
- Seasons quiz continued
- Seasons quiz continued (2)
- Seasons quiz continued (3)
- Seasons quiz continued (4)
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- What causes the seasons
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- What causes the seasons Continued
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Using the solar demonstrator
- Is there a difference between GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE and GLOBA
- Weather Vs Climate
- Weather
- Why is the Earth the temperature it is
- The Greenhouse Effect
- 2 ways human activity is adding CO2 to the atmosphere
- DEFORESTATION The importance of plants
- What will an increase in global temperature averages do MORE
- Drier conditions in the Central US
- Farming
- A More Extreme Water Cycle will effect
- What will the increase in temperature cause
- Effecting the Oceans
- What can you do to reduce greenhouse gases
- The temperature on Earth has changed many times throughout itrsquos
- How do scientists know what the level of Carbon dioxide was in
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Overview of climate change epa
- Movement of air around earth
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to (2)
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-
Using the solar demonstratorbull Test 1
1 Place the wheel at Rhode Islands Latitude Place the metal brad at the summer solstice and observe the path of the sun as it move from east to west across the sky
2 Move to the winter solstice and repeat3 QUESTION TEST 1 Describe the difference in the sunrsquos motion in the summer
versus the winter as seen from Rhode Island bull Test 2
1 Repeat but set the latitude near the equator2 QUESTION TEST 2 Describe the difference in the sunrsquos motion in the summer
versus the winter as seen from the equatorbull Test 3
1 Repeat but set the latitude near the north pole2 QUESTION TEST 3 Describe the difference in the sunrsquos motion in the summer
versus the winter as seen from the north pole
Final Question Describe how the solar demonstrators proves that the solar radiation differs between the equatorial regions temperate regions and polar regions
Is there a difference between GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE
and GLOBAL WARMING
NO they mean the same thing
The two terms refer to the same issue
The average global temperature is on the rise
Weather Vs Climate
bull Climate is what we expect weather is what we get ndash Mark Twain
bull Today helliphellipWEATHER is the temperature wind pressure precipitation at a given time in a given place
bull Over many years CLIMATE refers to the average weather conditions in a certain place
Weather
bull Climate in Rhode Island has a moist continental climate with four distinct seasons Its weather is tempered by sea winds particularly in the Seaboard Lowland which has a more moderate climate than the rest of New England The average annual temperature is about 50o F (10o C) in various parts of the state
Climate
httpwwwturnto10comweather
Why is the Earth the temperature it is bull The greenhouse effect greenhouse gases like water
vapor carbon dioxide and methane trap heat in the atmosphere keeping the Earth warm
httpwwwepagovclimatechangekidsbasicsindexhtml video 155
The Greenhouse Effect
Solar Radiation
Infrared radiation (heat)
On the diagram add the following labels Solar rays Infrared raysCarbon dioxide Heat escaping to spaceHeat bouncing off greenhouse gas to keep Earth warm
Carbon Dioxide
Heat escaping to space
Heat bouncing off greenhouse gas
2 ways human activity is adding CO2 to the atmosphere
Burning fossil fuels (coal oil natural gas)ndash This removes stored
carbon underground and releases it as gas
ndash Deforestation(killing trees faster then they can re-grow)
ndash Cutting down trees prevents them from taking CO2 out of the air
ndash Burning trees releases CO2 stored in the tree into the atmosphere
httpwwwfwccomimagesLowNoxCombustionSystems2jpg
httpblogwiredcomcarsimages20071213emissionsjpg
DEFORESTATION The importance of plants
bull Plants remove CO2 from the air in photosynthesis and store it as they grow
bull When plants and animals die some of the carbon will become fossil fuels under the surface of the earth
What will an increase in global temperature averages do MORE EXTREME WATER CYCLE
bull Coastal areas will have increased precipitation (rain snow)ndash More runoff ndash Increase in flooding
bull Areas away from the coast will have decreased precipitation ndash soils dry out ndash Droughtndash Less water in lakes and rivers
Drier conditions in the Central US
Who cares if it gets drier in the central US
Farming
bull Where is there more farming ndash A Exeter Rhode Island (home of Schartner Farms)
ndash B Colby Kansasndash See the Satellite Images of each ndash httpmapsgooglecommapshl=enamptab=wlampq=
exeter2C20Rhode20Islandndash httpmapsgooglecommaps
hl=enamptab=wlampq=exeter2C20Rhode20Island
bull Plantsbull Animalsbull Humans
A More Extreme Water Cycle will effect
What will the increase in temperature cause
bull Increased drought in some placesndash This could affect food supply
bull Increased flooding in some placesndash The highest human populations are along the coast
bull Populations of plants and animals may not be able to survive a change in their habitat they may become extinct ndash This may affect other organisms in the food webndash Entire ecosystems could change
Effecting the Oceansbull Changing Climate Means Changing Oceans
httpwwwnprorg20110121133117332changing-climate-means-changing-oceans Science Friday Jan 2011
bull Ocean water is becoming more acidic ndash httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=lIBTuJqPHIkampfeature=player_detailpage you tube ocean acidification NBC 321ndash A change of pH causes shelled organisms to be less able to produce shell this will change food webs ndash httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=Wo-bHt1bOsw chemistry of ocean acidication 3 minutes
bull ocean circulation patterns changingbull fisheries corals plankton shellfish changing bull Sea level is rising because 1) polar ice and
glaciers are melting and 2) the water itself is expanding as it warms up
What can you do to reduce greenhouse gases
Use less coal oil and natural gas for energy bull Turn off the lights when you leave a room bull Turn off your computer and other electronic devices when
youre not using them bull Drive less Instead walk ride your bike or use public
transportation if you can bull Use less water bull Create less waste bull Recycle used paper cans bottles and other materials
The temperature on Earth has changed many times throughout itrsquos history whatrsquos the big deal
bull The temperature is changing fast
bull Human activity is causing the change
Scientists can compare the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere today with the amount of carbon dioxide trapped in ancient ice cores which show that the atmosphere had less carbon dioxide in the past Source EPAs Climate Change Indicators (2010)
How do scientists know what the level of Carbon dioxide was in the distant past
One way is analyzing ICE CORESbull Video about ice cores httpserccarletonedueslabscryosphere4bhtml 231bull httpwwwnhmacuknature-onlineenvironmental-changemeasuring-climate-changeice-cor
es ice core scientists shows how to drill ice 221
Bubbles in ice recovered by drilling from deep within the Greenland Ice Sheet These bubbles are samples of pastatmospheres
Ancient ice contains climate information1) Bubbles trap the atmosphere
when that layer of ice was formed
2) Thickness of the layers can be seen indicating each year of ice formation
Figure 67 A Greenland ice core
EA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of Global Warmingand Our Energy Future Columbia University Press Source NOAA
Figure 83 The shrinking extent of old thick sea ice in the Arctic September 1988-September 2005 The area of old thick ice has been rapidly shrinking as the resultof prolonged melting and flow of ice out of the Arctic through the Fram Strait OW =open water The palegreen line encloses theregion of 90 iceconcentration
Ice free Arctic in summer soon
httpearthobservatorynasagovFeaturesLarsenIceShelf
Scientists had been observing theLarsen B for several years assumingthat it would eventually retreat But theywere stunned to see the ice shelfdisintegrate in a mere 35 days BetweenJanuary 31 and March 7 2002 the iceshelf lost 3250 square kilometers(about 1255 square miles) 1048754 an areasomewhat larger than Rhode Island 1048754sending a plume of icebergs into theWeddell Sea
Figure 101 The fuels used to produce all energy worldwide 2005Total global consumption of fuels in 2005 amounted to 488 exajoules(1018 joules) 87 of which was generated by fossil fuelsEA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of Global Warming and Our EnergyFuture Columbia University Press Data from Energy Information Agency DOE105
Figure 108 Renewable sources of power as proportions of total USelectric net summer capacity 2006The number in () are gigawatts of electrical capacity with correspondingpercentages of total capacity Biomass includes wood and derived fuels landfillgas municipal solid waste and agricultural by-products
Figure 109 Wind farmThe Maple Ridge WindFarm on the Tug HillPlateau in NY
EA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of GlobalWarming and Our Energy Future Columbia University PressSource National Renewable Energy Laboratory DOE
Overview of climate change epa
bull httpwwwepagovclimatechangekidsindexhtml ldquoclimate change basicsrdquo
Movement of air around earth
The movement of heat is called heat transfer Describe the heat transfer between a contain of hot water and air bull Hot water transfers heat energy to air
causing the air temperature to increaseDescribe the heat transfer between a container of ice and air bull Air transfers heat energy to ice causing
the air temperature to decrease
How does air above a hot surface move bull It will rise because hot air will
become less dense then the air around it Causing low air pressure
How does air above a cold surface move bull It will sink because it will be more
dense then air around it Causing high air pressure
a) What happens when air of the same temperature and humidity collide bull The air did not move much because the
air has similar densitiesB) What happens with air with different temperature and humidity collide bull The air in the cold tube sank the air in
the hot tube rose forming moving circulating air
C) Under what conditions do winds and rotating storms form bull Winds and storms form when air of
different temperature and therefore density meet
Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air Then in the space below explain why the air moves like this
When high pressure air meets low pressure air it forms windsThe air in the
cold tube became more dense forming high air pressure and sank
The air in the hot tube became less dense forming low air pressure and rose forming moving circulating air
Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air
The air in the cold tube became _More_dense forming __High___ air pressure and moved __Down_______
The air in the hot tube became _Less___dense forming _Low____ air pressure and it moved __up_______
Draw smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air
Question Would you expect wind to be formed in the air of set up A or B Why Wind will be formed in Set up A because two air masses of different temperatureor pressure are meeting
Set up ldquoArdquo Set up ldquoBrdquo
Convection Tube Quiz name _______________________
LAND and WATER Heat and Cool at different ratesAnalyze the following incomplete graph
Where do the following labels belong soil water time temperature time when heat turned off
Question 1) define convection movement of heat through air or water Warm air rises it expands and cools Cold air moves in to replace the rising warm air The cool air will then be heated and rise too 2) When is the land warming up faster than water During the dayWhat is warm airs density _low density______
3) Describe how the color of the ground can cause local winds Dark soils heat faster then light colored soil green fields forests Air above dark colored ground will rise to be replaced by cool air from the forests or fields
4) If the earth didnrsquot rotate describe what the global wind patterns would be like The earth would have 2 giant convection currents From the cold north and south poles the air would become dense and sink moving toward the equator then heat and rising moving back to the pole 5) Since the earth does rotate causing the Coriolis Effect how many different patterns of wind convection currents are there in the northern hemisphere 3 What are they called The easterlies move from the east to the west The westerlies move from the west to the east The trade winds move from the east to the west 6) What happens where the Westerlies meet the Easterlies in North America Weather changes are common where the two air masses meet
7) Draw the earth with arrows showing the predominant winds and label their names
bull During the day the land heats faster then the water becoming warmer then the water
bull The hot air above land become less dense and rises
bull The cool air above the water will become more dense and sink
bull This pattern causes cool air from the water over to blow over the land
bull At night the land cools faster then the water the land will become colder then the water
bull This cold air above land will become more dense and sink
bull The hot air above the water will become less dense and rise
bull This pattern causes cool air from the land to blow over the water 6 minute lecture convection current sea breeze and land breeze
httpwwwbingcomvideossearchq=land+breeze+sea+breeze+videoampFORM=VIRE11view=detailampmid=D95C8834DFF47CEDDE95D95C8834DFF47CEDDE95
2 minute video high pressure low pressurehttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=ZQV72Yzmjyc
bull Warm air with low density will rise creating an area of low air pressure
bull Cold air with high density will sink creating an area of high air pressure
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- What causes the seasons Quiz
- Seasons quiz continued
- Seasons quiz continued (2)
- Seasons quiz continued (3)
- Seasons quiz continued (4)
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- What causes the seasons
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- What causes the seasons Continued
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Using the solar demonstrator
- Is there a difference between GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE and GLOBA
- Weather Vs Climate
- Weather
- Why is the Earth the temperature it is
- The Greenhouse Effect
- 2 ways human activity is adding CO2 to the atmosphere
- DEFORESTATION The importance of plants
- What will an increase in global temperature averages do MORE
- Drier conditions in the Central US
- Farming
- A More Extreme Water Cycle will effect
- What will the increase in temperature cause
- Effecting the Oceans
- What can you do to reduce greenhouse gases
- The temperature on Earth has changed many times throughout itrsquos
- How do scientists know what the level of Carbon dioxide was in
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Overview of climate change epa
- Movement of air around earth
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to (2)
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-
Is there a difference between GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE
and GLOBAL WARMING
NO they mean the same thing
The two terms refer to the same issue
The average global temperature is on the rise
Weather Vs Climate
bull Climate is what we expect weather is what we get ndash Mark Twain
bull Today helliphellipWEATHER is the temperature wind pressure precipitation at a given time in a given place
bull Over many years CLIMATE refers to the average weather conditions in a certain place
Weather
bull Climate in Rhode Island has a moist continental climate with four distinct seasons Its weather is tempered by sea winds particularly in the Seaboard Lowland which has a more moderate climate than the rest of New England The average annual temperature is about 50o F (10o C) in various parts of the state
Climate
httpwwwturnto10comweather
Why is the Earth the temperature it is bull The greenhouse effect greenhouse gases like water
vapor carbon dioxide and methane trap heat in the atmosphere keeping the Earth warm
httpwwwepagovclimatechangekidsbasicsindexhtml video 155
The Greenhouse Effect
Solar Radiation
Infrared radiation (heat)
On the diagram add the following labels Solar rays Infrared raysCarbon dioxide Heat escaping to spaceHeat bouncing off greenhouse gas to keep Earth warm
Carbon Dioxide
Heat escaping to space
Heat bouncing off greenhouse gas
2 ways human activity is adding CO2 to the atmosphere
Burning fossil fuels (coal oil natural gas)ndash This removes stored
carbon underground and releases it as gas
ndash Deforestation(killing trees faster then they can re-grow)
ndash Cutting down trees prevents them from taking CO2 out of the air
ndash Burning trees releases CO2 stored in the tree into the atmosphere
httpwwwfwccomimagesLowNoxCombustionSystems2jpg
httpblogwiredcomcarsimages20071213emissionsjpg
DEFORESTATION The importance of plants
bull Plants remove CO2 from the air in photosynthesis and store it as they grow
bull When plants and animals die some of the carbon will become fossil fuels under the surface of the earth
What will an increase in global temperature averages do MORE EXTREME WATER CYCLE
bull Coastal areas will have increased precipitation (rain snow)ndash More runoff ndash Increase in flooding
bull Areas away from the coast will have decreased precipitation ndash soils dry out ndash Droughtndash Less water in lakes and rivers
Drier conditions in the Central US
Who cares if it gets drier in the central US
Farming
bull Where is there more farming ndash A Exeter Rhode Island (home of Schartner Farms)
ndash B Colby Kansasndash See the Satellite Images of each ndash httpmapsgooglecommapshl=enamptab=wlampq=
exeter2C20Rhode20Islandndash httpmapsgooglecommaps
hl=enamptab=wlampq=exeter2C20Rhode20Island
bull Plantsbull Animalsbull Humans
A More Extreme Water Cycle will effect
What will the increase in temperature cause
bull Increased drought in some placesndash This could affect food supply
bull Increased flooding in some placesndash The highest human populations are along the coast
bull Populations of plants and animals may not be able to survive a change in their habitat they may become extinct ndash This may affect other organisms in the food webndash Entire ecosystems could change
Effecting the Oceansbull Changing Climate Means Changing Oceans
httpwwwnprorg20110121133117332changing-climate-means-changing-oceans Science Friday Jan 2011
bull Ocean water is becoming more acidic ndash httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=lIBTuJqPHIkampfeature=player_detailpage you tube ocean acidification NBC 321ndash A change of pH causes shelled organisms to be less able to produce shell this will change food webs ndash httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=Wo-bHt1bOsw chemistry of ocean acidication 3 minutes
bull ocean circulation patterns changingbull fisheries corals plankton shellfish changing bull Sea level is rising because 1) polar ice and
glaciers are melting and 2) the water itself is expanding as it warms up
What can you do to reduce greenhouse gases
Use less coal oil and natural gas for energy bull Turn off the lights when you leave a room bull Turn off your computer and other electronic devices when
youre not using them bull Drive less Instead walk ride your bike or use public
transportation if you can bull Use less water bull Create less waste bull Recycle used paper cans bottles and other materials
The temperature on Earth has changed many times throughout itrsquos history whatrsquos the big deal
bull The temperature is changing fast
bull Human activity is causing the change
Scientists can compare the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere today with the amount of carbon dioxide trapped in ancient ice cores which show that the atmosphere had less carbon dioxide in the past Source EPAs Climate Change Indicators (2010)
How do scientists know what the level of Carbon dioxide was in the distant past
One way is analyzing ICE CORESbull Video about ice cores httpserccarletonedueslabscryosphere4bhtml 231bull httpwwwnhmacuknature-onlineenvironmental-changemeasuring-climate-changeice-cor
es ice core scientists shows how to drill ice 221
Bubbles in ice recovered by drilling from deep within the Greenland Ice Sheet These bubbles are samples of pastatmospheres
Ancient ice contains climate information1) Bubbles trap the atmosphere
when that layer of ice was formed
2) Thickness of the layers can be seen indicating each year of ice formation
Figure 67 A Greenland ice core
EA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of Global Warmingand Our Energy Future Columbia University Press Source NOAA
Figure 83 The shrinking extent of old thick sea ice in the Arctic September 1988-September 2005 The area of old thick ice has been rapidly shrinking as the resultof prolonged melting and flow of ice out of the Arctic through the Fram Strait OW =open water The palegreen line encloses theregion of 90 iceconcentration
Ice free Arctic in summer soon
httpearthobservatorynasagovFeaturesLarsenIceShelf
Scientists had been observing theLarsen B for several years assumingthat it would eventually retreat But theywere stunned to see the ice shelfdisintegrate in a mere 35 days BetweenJanuary 31 and March 7 2002 the iceshelf lost 3250 square kilometers(about 1255 square miles) 1048754 an areasomewhat larger than Rhode Island 1048754sending a plume of icebergs into theWeddell Sea
Figure 101 The fuels used to produce all energy worldwide 2005Total global consumption of fuels in 2005 amounted to 488 exajoules(1018 joules) 87 of which was generated by fossil fuelsEA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of Global Warming and Our EnergyFuture Columbia University Press Data from Energy Information Agency DOE105
Figure 108 Renewable sources of power as proportions of total USelectric net summer capacity 2006The number in () are gigawatts of electrical capacity with correspondingpercentages of total capacity Biomass includes wood and derived fuels landfillgas municipal solid waste and agricultural by-products
Figure 109 Wind farmThe Maple Ridge WindFarm on the Tug HillPlateau in NY
EA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of GlobalWarming and Our Energy Future Columbia University PressSource National Renewable Energy Laboratory DOE
Overview of climate change epa
bull httpwwwepagovclimatechangekidsindexhtml ldquoclimate change basicsrdquo
Movement of air around earth
The movement of heat is called heat transfer Describe the heat transfer between a contain of hot water and air bull Hot water transfers heat energy to air
causing the air temperature to increaseDescribe the heat transfer between a container of ice and air bull Air transfers heat energy to ice causing
the air temperature to decrease
How does air above a hot surface move bull It will rise because hot air will
become less dense then the air around it Causing low air pressure
How does air above a cold surface move bull It will sink because it will be more
dense then air around it Causing high air pressure
a) What happens when air of the same temperature and humidity collide bull The air did not move much because the
air has similar densitiesB) What happens with air with different temperature and humidity collide bull The air in the cold tube sank the air in
the hot tube rose forming moving circulating air
C) Under what conditions do winds and rotating storms form bull Winds and storms form when air of
different temperature and therefore density meet
Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air Then in the space below explain why the air moves like this
When high pressure air meets low pressure air it forms windsThe air in the
cold tube became more dense forming high air pressure and sank
The air in the hot tube became less dense forming low air pressure and rose forming moving circulating air
Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air
The air in the cold tube became _More_dense forming __High___ air pressure and moved __Down_______
The air in the hot tube became _Less___dense forming _Low____ air pressure and it moved __up_______
Draw smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air
Question Would you expect wind to be formed in the air of set up A or B Why Wind will be formed in Set up A because two air masses of different temperatureor pressure are meeting
Set up ldquoArdquo Set up ldquoBrdquo
Convection Tube Quiz name _______________________
LAND and WATER Heat and Cool at different ratesAnalyze the following incomplete graph
Where do the following labels belong soil water time temperature time when heat turned off
Question 1) define convection movement of heat through air or water Warm air rises it expands and cools Cold air moves in to replace the rising warm air The cool air will then be heated and rise too 2) When is the land warming up faster than water During the dayWhat is warm airs density _low density______
3) Describe how the color of the ground can cause local winds Dark soils heat faster then light colored soil green fields forests Air above dark colored ground will rise to be replaced by cool air from the forests or fields
4) If the earth didnrsquot rotate describe what the global wind patterns would be like The earth would have 2 giant convection currents From the cold north and south poles the air would become dense and sink moving toward the equator then heat and rising moving back to the pole 5) Since the earth does rotate causing the Coriolis Effect how many different patterns of wind convection currents are there in the northern hemisphere 3 What are they called The easterlies move from the east to the west The westerlies move from the west to the east The trade winds move from the east to the west 6) What happens where the Westerlies meet the Easterlies in North America Weather changes are common where the two air masses meet
7) Draw the earth with arrows showing the predominant winds and label their names
bull During the day the land heats faster then the water becoming warmer then the water
bull The hot air above land become less dense and rises
bull The cool air above the water will become more dense and sink
bull This pattern causes cool air from the water over to blow over the land
bull At night the land cools faster then the water the land will become colder then the water
bull This cold air above land will become more dense and sink
bull The hot air above the water will become less dense and rise
bull This pattern causes cool air from the land to blow over the water 6 minute lecture convection current sea breeze and land breeze
httpwwwbingcomvideossearchq=land+breeze+sea+breeze+videoampFORM=VIRE11view=detailampmid=D95C8834DFF47CEDDE95D95C8834DFF47CEDDE95
2 minute video high pressure low pressurehttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=ZQV72Yzmjyc
bull Warm air with low density will rise creating an area of low air pressure
bull Cold air with high density will sink creating an area of high air pressure
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- What causes the seasons Quiz
- Seasons quiz continued
- Seasons quiz continued (2)
- Seasons quiz continued (3)
- Seasons quiz continued (4)
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- What causes the seasons
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- What causes the seasons Continued
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Using the solar demonstrator
- Is there a difference between GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE and GLOBA
- Weather Vs Climate
- Weather
- Why is the Earth the temperature it is
- The Greenhouse Effect
- 2 ways human activity is adding CO2 to the atmosphere
- DEFORESTATION The importance of plants
- What will an increase in global temperature averages do MORE
- Drier conditions in the Central US
- Farming
- A More Extreme Water Cycle will effect
- What will the increase in temperature cause
- Effecting the Oceans
- What can you do to reduce greenhouse gases
- The temperature on Earth has changed many times throughout itrsquos
- How do scientists know what the level of Carbon dioxide was in
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Overview of climate change epa
- Movement of air around earth
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to (2)
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-
Weather Vs Climate
bull Climate is what we expect weather is what we get ndash Mark Twain
bull Today helliphellipWEATHER is the temperature wind pressure precipitation at a given time in a given place
bull Over many years CLIMATE refers to the average weather conditions in a certain place
Weather
bull Climate in Rhode Island has a moist continental climate with four distinct seasons Its weather is tempered by sea winds particularly in the Seaboard Lowland which has a more moderate climate than the rest of New England The average annual temperature is about 50o F (10o C) in various parts of the state
Climate
httpwwwturnto10comweather
Why is the Earth the temperature it is bull The greenhouse effect greenhouse gases like water
vapor carbon dioxide and methane trap heat in the atmosphere keeping the Earth warm
httpwwwepagovclimatechangekidsbasicsindexhtml video 155
The Greenhouse Effect
Solar Radiation
Infrared radiation (heat)
On the diagram add the following labels Solar rays Infrared raysCarbon dioxide Heat escaping to spaceHeat bouncing off greenhouse gas to keep Earth warm
Carbon Dioxide
Heat escaping to space
Heat bouncing off greenhouse gas
2 ways human activity is adding CO2 to the atmosphere
Burning fossil fuels (coal oil natural gas)ndash This removes stored
carbon underground and releases it as gas
ndash Deforestation(killing trees faster then they can re-grow)
ndash Cutting down trees prevents them from taking CO2 out of the air
ndash Burning trees releases CO2 stored in the tree into the atmosphere
httpwwwfwccomimagesLowNoxCombustionSystems2jpg
httpblogwiredcomcarsimages20071213emissionsjpg
DEFORESTATION The importance of plants
bull Plants remove CO2 from the air in photosynthesis and store it as they grow
bull When plants and animals die some of the carbon will become fossil fuels under the surface of the earth
What will an increase in global temperature averages do MORE EXTREME WATER CYCLE
bull Coastal areas will have increased precipitation (rain snow)ndash More runoff ndash Increase in flooding
bull Areas away from the coast will have decreased precipitation ndash soils dry out ndash Droughtndash Less water in lakes and rivers
Drier conditions in the Central US
Who cares if it gets drier in the central US
Farming
bull Where is there more farming ndash A Exeter Rhode Island (home of Schartner Farms)
ndash B Colby Kansasndash See the Satellite Images of each ndash httpmapsgooglecommapshl=enamptab=wlampq=
exeter2C20Rhode20Islandndash httpmapsgooglecommaps
hl=enamptab=wlampq=exeter2C20Rhode20Island
bull Plantsbull Animalsbull Humans
A More Extreme Water Cycle will effect
What will the increase in temperature cause
bull Increased drought in some placesndash This could affect food supply
bull Increased flooding in some placesndash The highest human populations are along the coast
bull Populations of plants and animals may not be able to survive a change in their habitat they may become extinct ndash This may affect other organisms in the food webndash Entire ecosystems could change
Effecting the Oceansbull Changing Climate Means Changing Oceans
httpwwwnprorg20110121133117332changing-climate-means-changing-oceans Science Friday Jan 2011
bull Ocean water is becoming more acidic ndash httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=lIBTuJqPHIkampfeature=player_detailpage you tube ocean acidification NBC 321ndash A change of pH causes shelled organisms to be less able to produce shell this will change food webs ndash httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=Wo-bHt1bOsw chemistry of ocean acidication 3 minutes
bull ocean circulation patterns changingbull fisheries corals plankton shellfish changing bull Sea level is rising because 1) polar ice and
glaciers are melting and 2) the water itself is expanding as it warms up
What can you do to reduce greenhouse gases
Use less coal oil and natural gas for energy bull Turn off the lights when you leave a room bull Turn off your computer and other electronic devices when
youre not using them bull Drive less Instead walk ride your bike or use public
transportation if you can bull Use less water bull Create less waste bull Recycle used paper cans bottles and other materials
The temperature on Earth has changed many times throughout itrsquos history whatrsquos the big deal
bull The temperature is changing fast
bull Human activity is causing the change
Scientists can compare the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere today with the amount of carbon dioxide trapped in ancient ice cores which show that the atmosphere had less carbon dioxide in the past Source EPAs Climate Change Indicators (2010)
How do scientists know what the level of Carbon dioxide was in the distant past
One way is analyzing ICE CORESbull Video about ice cores httpserccarletonedueslabscryosphere4bhtml 231bull httpwwwnhmacuknature-onlineenvironmental-changemeasuring-climate-changeice-cor
es ice core scientists shows how to drill ice 221
Bubbles in ice recovered by drilling from deep within the Greenland Ice Sheet These bubbles are samples of pastatmospheres
Ancient ice contains climate information1) Bubbles trap the atmosphere
when that layer of ice was formed
2) Thickness of the layers can be seen indicating each year of ice formation
Figure 67 A Greenland ice core
EA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of Global Warmingand Our Energy Future Columbia University Press Source NOAA
Figure 83 The shrinking extent of old thick sea ice in the Arctic September 1988-September 2005 The area of old thick ice has been rapidly shrinking as the resultof prolonged melting and flow of ice out of the Arctic through the Fram Strait OW =open water The palegreen line encloses theregion of 90 iceconcentration
Ice free Arctic in summer soon
httpearthobservatorynasagovFeaturesLarsenIceShelf
Scientists had been observing theLarsen B for several years assumingthat it would eventually retreat But theywere stunned to see the ice shelfdisintegrate in a mere 35 days BetweenJanuary 31 and March 7 2002 the iceshelf lost 3250 square kilometers(about 1255 square miles) 1048754 an areasomewhat larger than Rhode Island 1048754sending a plume of icebergs into theWeddell Sea
Figure 101 The fuels used to produce all energy worldwide 2005Total global consumption of fuels in 2005 amounted to 488 exajoules(1018 joules) 87 of which was generated by fossil fuelsEA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of Global Warming and Our EnergyFuture Columbia University Press Data from Energy Information Agency DOE105
Figure 108 Renewable sources of power as proportions of total USelectric net summer capacity 2006The number in () are gigawatts of electrical capacity with correspondingpercentages of total capacity Biomass includes wood and derived fuels landfillgas municipal solid waste and agricultural by-products
Figure 109 Wind farmThe Maple Ridge WindFarm on the Tug HillPlateau in NY
EA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of GlobalWarming and Our Energy Future Columbia University PressSource National Renewable Energy Laboratory DOE
Overview of climate change epa
bull httpwwwepagovclimatechangekidsindexhtml ldquoclimate change basicsrdquo
Movement of air around earth
The movement of heat is called heat transfer Describe the heat transfer between a contain of hot water and air bull Hot water transfers heat energy to air
causing the air temperature to increaseDescribe the heat transfer between a container of ice and air bull Air transfers heat energy to ice causing
the air temperature to decrease
How does air above a hot surface move bull It will rise because hot air will
become less dense then the air around it Causing low air pressure
How does air above a cold surface move bull It will sink because it will be more
dense then air around it Causing high air pressure
a) What happens when air of the same temperature and humidity collide bull The air did not move much because the
air has similar densitiesB) What happens with air with different temperature and humidity collide bull The air in the cold tube sank the air in
the hot tube rose forming moving circulating air
C) Under what conditions do winds and rotating storms form bull Winds and storms form when air of
different temperature and therefore density meet
Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air Then in the space below explain why the air moves like this
When high pressure air meets low pressure air it forms windsThe air in the
cold tube became more dense forming high air pressure and sank
The air in the hot tube became less dense forming low air pressure and rose forming moving circulating air
Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air
The air in the cold tube became _More_dense forming __High___ air pressure and moved __Down_______
The air in the hot tube became _Less___dense forming _Low____ air pressure and it moved __up_______
Draw smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air
Question Would you expect wind to be formed in the air of set up A or B Why Wind will be formed in Set up A because two air masses of different temperatureor pressure are meeting
Set up ldquoArdquo Set up ldquoBrdquo
Convection Tube Quiz name _______________________
LAND and WATER Heat and Cool at different ratesAnalyze the following incomplete graph
Where do the following labels belong soil water time temperature time when heat turned off
Question 1) define convection movement of heat through air or water Warm air rises it expands and cools Cold air moves in to replace the rising warm air The cool air will then be heated and rise too 2) When is the land warming up faster than water During the dayWhat is warm airs density _low density______
3) Describe how the color of the ground can cause local winds Dark soils heat faster then light colored soil green fields forests Air above dark colored ground will rise to be replaced by cool air from the forests or fields
4) If the earth didnrsquot rotate describe what the global wind patterns would be like The earth would have 2 giant convection currents From the cold north and south poles the air would become dense and sink moving toward the equator then heat and rising moving back to the pole 5) Since the earth does rotate causing the Coriolis Effect how many different patterns of wind convection currents are there in the northern hemisphere 3 What are they called The easterlies move from the east to the west The westerlies move from the west to the east The trade winds move from the east to the west 6) What happens where the Westerlies meet the Easterlies in North America Weather changes are common where the two air masses meet
7) Draw the earth with arrows showing the predominant winds and label their names
bull During the day the land heats faster then the water becoming warmer then the water
bull The hot air above land become less dense and rises
bull The cool air above the water will become more dense and sink
bull This pattern causes cool air from the water over to blow over the land
bull At night the land cools faster then the water the land will become colder then the water
bull This cold air above land will become more dense and sink
bull The hot air above the water will become less dense and rise
bull This pattern causes cool air from the land to blow over the water 6 minute lecture convection current sea breeze and land breeze
httpwwwbingcomvideossearchq=land+breeze+sea+breeze+videoampFORM=VIRE11view=detailampmid=D95C8834DFF47CEDDE95D95C8834DFF47CEDDE95
2 minute video high pressure low pressurehttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=ZQV72Yzmjyc
bull Warm air with low density will rise creating an area of low air pressure
bull Cold air with high density will sink creating an area of high air pressure
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- What causes the seasons Quiz
- Seasons quiz continued
- Seasons quiz continued (2)
- Seasons quiz continued (3)
- Seasons quiz continued (4)
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- What causes the seasons
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- What causes the seasons Continued
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Using the solar demonstrator
- Is there a difference between GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE and GLOBA
- Weather Vs Climate
- Weather
- Why is the Earth the temperature it is
- The Greenhouse Effect
- 2 ways human activity is adding CO2 to the atmosphere
- DEFORESTATION The importance of plants
- What will an increase in global temperature averages do MORE
- Drier conditions in the Central US
- Farming
- A More Extreme Water Cycle will effect
- What will the increase in temperature cause
- Effecting the Oceans
- What can you do to reduce greenhouse gases
- The temperature on Earth has changed many times throughout itrsquos
- How do scientists know what the level of Carbon dioxide was in
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Overview of climate change epa
- Movement of air around earth
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to (2)
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-
Weather
bull Climate in Rhode Island has a moist continental climate with four distinct seasons Its weather is tempered by sea winds particularly in the Seaboard Lowland which has a more moderate climate than the rest of New England The average annual temperature is about 50o F (10o C) in various parts of the state
Climate
httpwwwturnto10comweather
Why is the Earth the temperature it is bull The greenhouse effect greenhouse gases like water
vapor carbon dioxide and methane trap heat in the atmosphere keeping the Earth warm
httpwwwepagovclimatechangekidsbasicsindexhtml video 155
The Greenhouse Effect
Solar Radiation
Infrared radiation (heat)
On the diagram add the following labels Solar rays Infrared raysCarbon dioxide Heat escaping to spaceHeat bouncing off greenhouse gas to keep Earth warm
Carbon Dioxide
Heat escaping to space
Heat bouncing off greenhouse gas
2 ways human activity is adding CO2 to the atmosphere
Burning fossil fuels (coal oil natural gas)ndash This removes stored
carbon underground and releases it as gas
ndash Deforestation(killing trees faster then they can re-grow)
ndash Cutting down trees prevents them from taking CO2 out of the air
ndash Burning trees releases CO2 stored in the tree into the atmosphere
httpwwwfwccomimagesLowNoxCombustionSystems2jpg
httpblogwiredcomcarsimages20071213emissionsjpg
DEFORESTATION The importance of plants
bull Plants remove CO2 from the air in photosynthesis and store it as they grow
bull When plants and animals die some of the carbon will become fossil fuels under the surface of the earth
What will an increase in global temperature averages do MORE EXTREME WATER CYCLE
bull Coastal areas will have increased precipitation (rain snow)ndash More runoff ndash Increase in flooding
bull Areas away from the coast will have decreased precipitation ndash soils dry out ndash Droughtndash Less water in lakes and rivers
Drier conditions in the Central US
Who cares if it gets drier in the central US
Farming
bull Where is there more farming ndash A Exeter Rhode Island (home of Schartner Farms)
ndash B Colby Kansasndash See the Satellite Images of each ndash httpmapsgooglecommapshl=enamptab=wlampq=
exeter2C20Rhode20Islandndash httpmapsgooglecommaps
hl=enamptab=wlampq=exeter2C20Rhode20Island
bull Plantsbull Animalsbull Humans
A More Extreme Water Cycle will effect
What will the increase in temperature cause
bull Increased drought in some placesndash This could affect food supply
bull Increased flooding in some placesndash The highest human populations are along the coast
bull Populations of plants and animals may not be able to survive a change in their habitat they may become extinct ndash This may affect other organisms in the food webndash Entire ecosystems could change
Effecting the Oceansbull Changing Climate Means Changing Oceans
httpwwwnprorg20110121133117332changing-climate-means-changing-oceans Science Friday Jan 2011
bull Ocean water is becoming more acidic ndash httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=lIBTuJqPHIkampfeature=player_detailpage you tube ocean acidification NBC 321ndash A change of pH causes shelled organisms to be less able to produce shell this will change food webs ndash httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=Wo-bHt1bOsw chemistry of ocean acidication 3 minutes
bull ocean circulation patterns changingbull fisheries corals plankton shellfish changing bull Sea level is rising because 1) polar ice and
glaciers are melting and 2) the water itself is expanding as it warms up
What can you do to reduce greenhouse gases
Use less coal oil and natural gas for energy bull Turn off the lights when you leave a room bull Turn off your computer and other electronic devices when
youre not using them bull Drive less Instead walk ride your bike or use public
transportation if you can bull Use less water bull Create less waste bull Recycle used paper cans bottles and other materials
The temperature on Earth has changed many times throughout itrsquos history whatrsquos the big deal
bull The temperature is changing fast
bull Human activity is causing the change
Scientists can compare the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere today with the amount of carbon dioxide trapped in ancient ice cores which show that the atmosphere had less carbon dioxide in the past Source EPAs Climate Change Indicators (2010)
How do scientists know what the level of Carbon dioxide was in the distant past
One way is analyzing ICE CORESbull Video about ice cores httpserccarletonedueslabscryosphere4bhtml 231bull httpwwwnhmacuknature-onlineenvironmental-changemeasuring-climate-changeice-cor
es ice core scientists shows how to drill ice 221
Bubbles in ice recovered by drilling from deep within the Greenland Ice Sheet These bubbles are samples of pastatmospheres
Ancient ice contains climate information1) Bubbles trap the atmosphere
when that layer of ice was formed
2) Thickness of the layers can be seen indicating each year of ice formation
Figure 67 A Greenland ice core
EA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of Global Warmingand Our Energy Future Columbia University Press Source NOAA
Figure 83 The shrinking extent of old thick sea ice in the Arctic September 1988-September 2005 The area of old thick ice has been rapidly shrinking as the resultof prolonged melting and flow of ice out of the Arctic through the Fram Strait OW =open water The palegreen line encloses theregion of 90 iceconcentration
Ice free Arctic in summer soon
httpearthobservatorynasagovFeaturesLarsenIceShelf
Scientists had been observing theLarsen B for several years assumingthat it would eventually retreat But theywere stunned to see the ice shelfdisintegrate in a mere 35 days BetweenJanuary 31 and March 7 2002 the iceshelf lost 3250 square kilometers(about 1255 square miles) 1048754 an areasomewhat larger than Rhode Island 1048754sending a plume of icebergs into theWeddell Sea
Figure 101 The fuels used to produce all energy worldwide 2005Total global consumption of fuels in 2005 amounted to 488 exajoules(1018 joules) 87 of which was generated by fossil fuelsEA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of Global Warming and Our EnergyFuture Columbia University Press Data from Energy Information Agency DOE105
Figure 108 Renewable sources of power as proportions of total USelectric net summer capacity 2006The number in () are gigawatts of electrical capacity with correspondingpercentages of total capacity Biomass includes wood and derived fuels landfillgas municipal solid waste and agricultural by-products
Figure 109 Wind farmThe Maple Ridge WindFarm on the Tug HillPlateau in NY
EA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of GlobalWarming and Our Energy Future Columbia University PressSource National Renewable Energy Laboratory DOE
Overview of climate change epa
bull httpwwwepagovclimatechangekidsindexhtml ldquoclimate change basicsrdquo
Movement of air around earth
The movement of heat is called heat transfer Describe the heat transfer between a contain of hot water and air bull Hot water transfers heat energy to air
causing the air temperature to increaseDescribe the heat transfer between a container of ice and air bull Air transfers heat energy to ice causing
the air temperature to decrease
How does air above a hot surface move bull It will rise because hot air will
become less dense then the air around it Causing low air pressure
How does air above a cold surface move bull It will sink because it will be more
dense then air around it Causing high air pressure
a) What happens when air of the same temperature and humidity collide bull The air did not move much because the
air has similar densitiesB) What happens with air with different temperature and humidity collide bull The air in the cold tube sank the air in
the hot tube rose forming moving circulating air
C) Under what conditions do winds and rotating storms form bull Winds and storms form when air of
different temperature and therefore density meet
Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air Then in the space below explain why the air moves like this
When high pressure air meets low pressure air it forms windsThe air in the
cold tube became more dense forming high air pressure and sank
The air in the hot tube became less dense forming low air pressure and rose forming moving circulating air
Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air
The air in the cold tube became _More_dense forming __High___ air pressure and moved __Down_______
The air in the hot tube became _Less___dense forming _Low____ air pressure and it moved __up_______
Draw smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air
Question Would you expect wind to be formed in the air of set up A or B Why Wind will be formed in Set up A because two air masses of different temperatureor pressure are meeting
Set up ldquoArdquo Set up ldquoBrdquo
Convection Tube Quiz name _______________________
LAND and WATER Heat and Cool at different ratesAnalyze the following incomplete graph
Where do the following labels belong soil water time temperature time when heat turned off
Question 1) define convection movement of heat through air or water Warm air rises it expands and cools Cold air moves in to replace the rising warm air The cool air will then be heated and rise too 2) When is the land warming up faster than water During the dayWhat is warm airs density _low density______
3) Describe how the color of the ground can cause local winds Dark soils heat faster then light colored soil green fields forests Air above dark colored ground will rise to be replaced by cool air from the forests or fields
4) If the earth didnrsquot rotate describe what the global wind patterns would be like The earth would have 2 giant convection currents From the cold north and south poles the air would become dense and sink moving toward the equator then heat and rising moving back to the pole 5) Since the earth does rotate causing the Coriolis Effect how many different patterns of wind convection currents are there in the northern hemisphere 3 What are they called The easterlies move from the east to the west The westerlies move from the west to the east The trade winds move from the east to the west 6) What happens where the Westerlies meet the Easterlies in North America Weather changes are common where the two air masses meet
7) Draw the earth with arrows showing the predominant winds and label their names
bull During the day the land heats faster then the water becoming warmer then the water
bull The hot air above land become less dense and rises
bull The cool air above the water will become more dense and sink
bull This pattern causes cool air from the water over to blow over the land
bull At night the land cools faster then the water the land will become colder then the water
bull This cold air above land will become more dense and sink
bull The hot air above the water will become less dense and rise
bull This pattern causes cool air from the land to blow over the water 6 minute lecture convection current sea breeze and land breeze
httpwwwbingcomvideossearchq=land+breeze+sea+breeze+videoampFORM=VIRE11view=detailampmid=D95C8834DFF47CEDDE95D95C8834DFF47CEDDE95
2 minute video high pressure low pressurehttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=ZQV72Yzmjyc
bull Warm air with low density will rise creating an area of low air pressure
bull Cold air with high density will sink creating an area of high air pressure
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- What causes the seasons Quiz
- Seasons quiz continued
- Seasons quiz continued (2)
- Seasons quiz continued (3)
- Seasons quiz continued (4)
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- What causes the seasons
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- What causes the seasons Continued
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Using the solar demonstrator
- Is there a difference between GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE and GLOBA
- Weather Vs Climate
- Weather
- Why is the Earth the temperature it is
- The Greenhouse Effect
- 2 ways human activity is adding CO2 to the atmosphere
- DEFORESTATION The importance of plants
- What will an increase in global temperature averages do MORE
- Drier conditions in the Central US
- Farming
- A More Extreme Water Cycle will effect
- What will the increase in temperature cause
- Effecting the Oceans
- What can you do to reduce greenhouse gases
- The temperature on Earth has changed many times throughout itrsquos
- How do scientists know what the level of Carbon dioxide was in
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Overview of climate change epa
- Movement of air around earth
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to (2)
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-
Why is the Earth the temperature it is bull The greenhouse effect greenhouse gases like water
vapor carbon dioxide and methane trap heat in the atmosphere keeping the Earth warm
httpwwwepagovclimatechangekidsbasicsindexhtml video 155
The Greenhouse Effect
Solar Radiation
Infrared radiation (heat)
On the diagram add the following labels Solar rays Infrared raysCarbon dioxide Heat escaping to spaceHeat bouncing off greenhouse gas to keep Earth warm
Carbon Dioxide
Heat escaping to space
Heat bouncing off greenhouse gas
2 ways human activity is adding CO2 to the atmosphere
Burning fossil fuels (coal oil natural gas)ndash This removes stored
carbon underground and releases it as gas
ndash Deforestation(killing trees faster then they can re-grow)
ndash Cutting down trees prevents them from taking CO2 out of the air
ndash Burning trees releases CO2 stored in the tree into the atmosphere
httpwwwfwccomimagesLowNoxCombustionSystems2jpg
httpblogwiredcomcarsimages20071213emissionsjpg
DEFORESTATION The importance of plants
bull Plants remove CO2 from the air in photosynthesis and store it as they grow
bull When plants and animals die some of the carbon will become fossil fuels under the surface of the earth
What will an increase in global temperature averages do MORE EXTREME WATER CYCLE
bull Coastal areas will have increased precipitation (rain snow)ndash More runoff ndash Increase in flooding
bull Areas away from the coast will have decreased precipitation ndash soils dry out ndash Droughtndash Less water in lakes and rivers
Drier conditions in the Central US
Who cares if it gets drier in the central US
Farming
bull Where is there more farming ndash A Exeter Rhode Island (home of Schartner Farms)
ndash B Colby Kansasndash See the Satellite Images of each ndash httpmapsgooglecommapshl=enamptab=wlampq=
exeter2C20Rhode20Islandndash httpmapsgooglecommaps
hl=enamptab=wlampq=exeter2C20Rhode20Island
bull Plantsbull Animalsbull Humans
A More Extreme Water Cycle will effect
What will the increase in temperature cause
bull Increased drought in some placesndash This could affect food supply
bull Increased flooding in some placesndash The highest human populations are along the coast
bull Populations of plants and animals may not be able to survive a change in their habitat they may become extinct ndash This may affect other organisms in the food webndash Entire ecosystems could change
Effecting the Oceansbull Changing Climate Means Changing Oceans
httpwwwnprorg20110121133117332changing-climate-means-changing-oceans Science Friday Jan 2011
bull Ocean water is becoming more acidic ndash httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=lIBTuJqPHIkampfeature=player_detailpage you tube ocean acidification NBC 321ndash A change of pH causes shelled organisms to be less able to produce shell this will change food webs ndash httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=Wo-bHt1bOsw chemistry of ocean acidication 3 minutes
bull ocean circulation patterns changingbull fisheries corals plankton shellfish changing bull Sea level is rising because 1) polar ice and
glaciers are melting and 2) the water itself is expanding as it warms up
What can you do to reduce greenhouse gases
Use less coal oil and natural gas for energy bull Turn off the lights when you leave a room bull Turn off your computer and other electronic devices when
youre not using them bull Drive less Instead walk ride your bike or use public
transportation if you can bull Use less water bull Create less waste bull Recycle used paper cans bottles and other materials
The temperature on Earth has changed many times throughout itrsquos history whatrsquos the big deal
bull The temperature is changing fast
bull Human activity is causing the change
Scientists can compare the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere today with the amount of carbon dioxide trapped in ancient ice cores which show that the atmosphere had less carbon dioxide in the past Source EPAs Climate Change Indicators (2010)
How do scientists know what the level of Carbon dioxide was in the distant past
One way is analyzing ICE CORESbull Video about ice cores httpserccarletonedueslabscryosphere4bhtml 231bull httpwwwnhmacuknature-onlineenvironmental-changemeasuring-climate-changeice-cor
es ice core scientists shows how to drill ice 221
Bubbles in ice recovered by drilling from deep within the Greenland Ice Sheet These bubbles are samples of pastatmospheres
Ancient ice contains climate information1) Bubbles trap the atmosphere
when that layer of ice was formed
2) Thickness of the layers can be seen indicating each year of ice formation
Figure 67 A Greenland ice core
EA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of Global Warmingand Our Energy Future Columbia University Press Source NOAA
Figure 83 The shrinking extent of old thick sea ice in the Arctic September 1988-September 2005 The area of old thick ice has been rapidly shrinking as the resultof prolonged melting and flow of ice out of the Arctic through the Fram Strait OW =open water The palegreen line encloses theregion of 90 iceconcentration
Ice free Arctic in summer soon
httpearthobservatorynasagovFeaturesLarsenIceShelf
Scientists had been observing theLarsen B for several years assumingthat it would eventually retreat But theywere stunned to see the ice shelfdisintegrate in a mere 35 days BetweenJanuary 31 and March 7 2002 the iceshelf lost 3250 square kilometers(about 1255 square miles) 1048754 an areasomewhat larger than Rhode Island 1048754sending a plume of icebergs into theWeddell Sea
Figure 101 The fuels used to produce all energy worldwide 2005Total global consumption of fuels in 2005 amounted to 488 exajoules(1018 joules) 87 of which was generated by fossil fuelsEA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of Global Warming and Our EnergyFuture Columbia University Press Data from Energy Information Agency DOE105
Figure 108 Renewable sources of power as proportions of total USelectric net summer capacity 2006The number in () are gigawatts of electrical capacity with correspondingpercentages of total capacity Biomass includes wood and derived fuels landfillgas municipal solid waste and agricultural by-products
Figure 109 Wind farmThe Maple Ridge WindFarm on the Tug HillPlateau in NY
EA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of GlobalWarming and Our Energy Future Columbia University PressSource National Renewable Energy Laboratory DOE
Overview of climate change epa
bull httpwwwepagovclimatechangekidsindexhtml ldquoclimate change basicsrdquo
Movement of air around earth
The movement of heat is called heat transfer Describe the heat transfer between a contain of hot water and air bull Hot water transfers heat energy to air
causing the air temperature to increaseDescribe the heat transfer between a container of ice and air bull Air transfers heat energy to ice causing
the air temperature to decrease
How does air above a hot surface move bull It will rise because hot air will
become less dense then the air around it Causing low air pressure
How does air above a cold surface move bull It will sink because it will be more
dense then air around it Causing high air pressure
a) What happens when air of the same temperature and humidity collide bull The air did not move much because the
air has similar densitiesB) What happens with air with different temperature and humidity collide bull The air in the cold tube sank the air in
the hot tube rose forming moving circulating air
C) Under what conditions do winds and rotating storms form bull Winds and storms form when air of
different temperature and therefore density meet
Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air Then in the space below explain why the air moves like this
When high pressure air meets low pressure air it forms windsThe air in the
cold tube became more dense forming high air pressure and sank
The air in the hot tube became less dense forming low air pressure and rose forming moving circulating air
Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air
The air in the cold tube became _More_dense forming __High___ air pressure and moved __Down_______
The air in the hot tube became _Less___dense forming _Low____ air pressure and it moved __up_______
Draw smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air
Question Would you expect wind to be formed in the air of set up A or B Why Wind will be formed in Set up A because two air masses of different temperatureor pressure are meeting
Set up ldquoArdquo Set up ldquoBrdquo
Convection Tube Quiz name _______________________
LAND and WATER Heat and Cool at different ratesAnalyze the following incomplete graph
Where do the following labels belong soil water time temperature time when heat turned off
Question 1) define convection movement of heat through air or water Warm air rises it expands and cools Cold air moves in to replace the rising warm air The cool air will then be heated and rise too 2) When is the land warming up faster than water During the dayWhat is warm airs density _low density______
3) Describe how the color of the ground can cause local winds Dark soils heat faster then light colored soil green fields forests Air above dark colored ground will rise to be replaced by cool air from the forests or fields
4) If the earth didnrsquot rotate describe what the global wind patterns would be like The earth would have 2 giant convection currents From the cold north and south poles the air would become dense and sink moving toward the equator then heat and rising moving back to the pole 5) Since the earth does rotate causing the Coriolis Effect how many different patterns of wind convection currents are there in the northern hemisphere 3 What are they called The easterlies move from the east to the west The westerlies move from the west to the east The trade winds move from the east to the west 6) What happens where the Westerlies meet the Easterlies in North America Weather changes are common where the two air masses meet
7) Draw the earth with arrows showing the predominant winds and label their names
bull During the day the land heats faster then the water becoming warmer then the water
bull The hot air above land become less dense and rises
bull The cool air above the water will become more dense and sink
bull This pattern causes cool air from the water over to blow over the land
bull At night the land cools faster then the water the land will become colder then the water
bull This cold air above land will become more dense and sink
bull The hot air above the water will become less dense and rise
bull This pattern causes cool air from the land to blow over the water 6 minute lecture convection current sea breeze and land breeze
httpwwwbingcomvideossearchq=land+breeze+sea+breeze+videoampFORM=VIRE11view=detailampmid=D95C8834DFF47CEDDE95D95C8834DFF47CEDDE95
2 minute video high pressure low pressurehttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=ZQV72Yzmjyc
bull Warm air with low density will rise creating an area of low air pressure
bull Cold air with high density will sink creating an area of high air pressure
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- What causes the seasons Quiz
- Seasons quiz continued
- Seasons quiz continued (2)
- Seasons quiz continued (3)
- Seasons quiz continued (4)
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- What causes the seasons
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- What causes the seasons Continued
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Using the solar demonstrator
- Is there a difference between GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE and GLOBA
- Weather Vs Climate
- Weather
- Why is the Earth the temperature it is
- The Greenhouse Effect
- 2 ways human activity is adding CO2 to the atmosphere
- DEFORESTATION The importance of plants
- What will an increase in global temperature averages do MORE
- Drier conditions in the Central US
- Farming
- A More Extreme Water Cycle will effect
- What will the increase in temperature cause
- Effecting the Oceans
- What can you do to reduce greenhouse gases
- The temperature on Earth has changed many times throughout itrsquos
- How do scientists know what the level of Carbon dioxide was in
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Overview of climate change epa
- Movement of air around earth
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to (2)
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-
The Greenhouse Effect
Solar Radiation
Infrared radiation (heat)
On the diagram add the following labels Solar rays Infrared raysCarbon dioxide Heat escaping to spaceHeat bouncing off greenhouse gas to keep Earth warm
Carbon Dioxide
Heat escaping to space
Heat bouncing off greenhouse gas
2 ways human activity is adding CO2 to the atmosphere
Burning fossil fuels (coal oil natural gas)ndash This removes stored
carbon underground and releases it as gas
ndash Deforestation(killing trees faster then they can re-grow)
ndash Cutting down trees prevents them from taking CO2 out of the air
ndash Burning trees releases CO2 stored in the tree into the atmosphere
httpwwwfwccomimagesLowNoxCombustionSystems2jpg
httpblogwiredcomcarsimages20071213emissionsjpg
DEFORESTATION The importance of plants
bull Plants remove CO2 from the air in photosynthesis and store it as they grow
bull When plants and animals die some of the carbon will become fossil fuels under the surface of the earth
What will an increase in global temperature averages do MORE EXTREME WATER CYCLE
bull Coastal areas will have increased precipitation (rain snow)ndash More runoff ndash Increase in flooding
bull Areas away from the coast will have decreased precipitation ndash soils dry out ndash Droughtndash Less water in lakes and rivers
Drier conditions in the Central US
Who cares if it gets drier in the central US
Farming
bull Where is there more farming ndash A Exeter Rhode Island (home of Schartner Farms)
ndash B Colby Kansasndash See the Satellite Images of each ndash httpmapsgooglecommapshl=enamptab=wlampq=
exeter2C20Rhode20Islandndash httpmapsgooglecommaps
hl=enamptab=wlampq=exeter2C20Rhode20Island
bull Plantsbull Animalsbull Humans
A More Extreme Water Cycle will effect
What will the increase in temperature cause
bull Increased drought in some placesndash This could affect food supply
bull Increased flooding in some placesndash The highest human populations are along the coast
bull Populations of plants and animals may not be able to survive a change in their habitat they may become extinct ndash This may affect other organisms in the food webndash Entire ecosystems could change
Effecting the Oceansbull Changing Climate Means Changing Oceans
httpwwwnprorg20110121133117332changing-climate-means-changing-oceans Science Friday Jan 2011
bull Ocean water is becoming more acidic ndash httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=lIBTuJqPHIkampfeature=player_detailpage you tube ocean acidification NBC 321ndash A change of pH causes shelled organisms to be less able to produce shell this will change food webs ndash httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=Wo-bHt1bOsw chemistry of ocean acidication 3 minutes
bull ocean circulation patterns changingbull fisheries corals plankton shellfish changing bull Sea level is rising because 1) polar ice and
glaciers are melting and 2) the water itself is expanding as it warms up
What can you do to reduce greenhouse gases
Use less coal oil and natural gas for energy bull Turn off the lights when you leave a room bull Turn off your computer and other electronic devices when
youre not using them bull Drive less Instead walk ride your bike or use public
transportation if you can bull Use less water bull Create less waste bull Recycle used paper cans bottles and other materials
The temperature on Earth has changed many times throughout itrsquos history whatrsquos the big deal
bull The temperature is changing fast
bull Human activity is causing the change
Scientists can compare the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere today with the amount of carbon dioxide trapped in ancient ice cores which show that the atmosphere had less carbon dioxide in the past Source EPAs Climate Change Indicators (2010)
How do scientists know what the level of Carbon dioxide was in the distant past
One way is analyzing ICE CORESbull Video about ice cores httpserccarletonedueslabscryosphere4bhtml 231bull httpwwwnhmacuknature-onlineenvironmental-changemeasuring-climate-changeice-cor
es ice core scientists shows how to drill ice 221
Bubbles in ice recovered by drilling from deep within the Greenland Ice Sheet These bubbles are samples of pastatmospheres
Ancient ice contains climate information1) Bubbles trap the atmosphere
when that layer of ice was formed
2) Thickness of the layers can be seen indicating each year of ice formation
Figure 67 A Greenland ice core
EA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of Global Warmingand Our Energy Future Columbia University Press Source NOAA
Figure 83 The shrinking extent of old thick sea ice in the Arctic September 1988-September 2005 The area of old thick ice has been rapidly shrinking as the resultof prolonged melting and flow of ice out of the Arctic through the Fram Strait OW =open water The palegreen line encloses theregion of 90 iceconcentration
Ice free Arctic in summer soon
httpearthobservatorynasagovFeaturesLarsenIceShelf
Scientists had been observing theLarsen B for several years assumingthat it would eventually retreat But theywere stunned to see the ice shelfdisintegrate in a mere 35 days BetweenJanuary 31 and March 7 2002 the iceshelf lost 3250 square kilometers(about 1255 square miles) 1048754 an areasomewhat larger than Rhode Island 1048754sending a plume of icebergs into theWeddell Sea
Figure 101 The fuels used to produce all energy worldwide 2005Total global consumption of fuels in 2005 amounted to 488 exajoules(1018 joules) 87 of which was generated by fossil fuelsEA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of Global Warming and Our EnergyFuture Columbia University Press Data from Energy Information Agency DOE105
Figure 108 Renewable sources of power as proportions of total USelectric net summer capacity 2006The number in () are gigawatts of electrical capacity with correspondingpercentages of total capacity Biomass includes wood and derived fuels landfillgas municipal solid waste and agricultural by-products
Figure 109 Wind farmThe Maple Ridge WindFarm on the Tug HillPlateau in NY
EA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of GlobalWarming and Our Energy Future Columbia University PressSource National Renewable Energy Laboratory DOE
Overview of climate change epa
bull httpwwwepagovclimatechangekidsindexhtml ldquoclimate change basicsrdquo
Movement of air around earth
The movement of heat is called heat transfer Describe the heat transfer between a contain of hot water and air bull Hot water transfers heat energy to air
causing the air temperature to increaseDescribe the heat transfer between a container of ice and air bull Air transfers heat energy to ice causing
the air temperature to decrease
How does air above a hot surface move bull It will rise because hot air will
become less dense then the air around it Causing low air pressure
How does air above a cold surface move bull It will sink because it will be more
dense then air around it Causing high air pressure
a) What happens when air of the same temperature and humidity collide bull The air did not move much because the
air has similar densitiesB) What happens with air with different temperature and humidity collide bull The air in the cold tube sank the air in
the hot tube rose forming moving circulating air
C) Under what conditions do winds and rotating storms form bull Winds and storms form when air of
different temperature and therefore density meet
Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air Then in the space below explain why the air moves like this
When high pressure air meets low pressure air it forms windsThe air in the
cold tube became more dense forming high air pressure and sank
The air in the hot tube became less dense forming low air pressure and rose forming moving circulating air
Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air
The air in the cold tube became _More_dense forming __High___ air pressure and moved __Down_______
The air in the hot tube became _Less___dense forming _Low____ air pressure and it moved __up_______
Draw smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air
Question Would you expect wind to be formed in the air of set up A or B Why Wind will be formed in Set up A because two air masses of different temperatureor pressure are meeting
Set up ldquoArdquo Set up ldquoBrdquo
Convection Tube Quiz name _______________________
LAND and WATER Heat and Cool at different ratesAnalyze the following incomplete graph
Where do the following labels belong soil water time temperature time when heat turned off
Question 1) define convection movement of heat through air or water Warm air rises it expands and cools Cold air moves in to replace the rising warm air The cool air will then be heated and rise too 2) When is the land warming up faster than water During the dayWhat is warm airs density _low density______
3) Describe how the color of the ground can cause local winds Dark soils heat faster then light colored soil green fields forests Air above dark colored ground will rise to be replaced by cool air from the forests or fields
4) If the earth didnrsquot rotate describe what the global wind patterns would be like The earth would have 2 giant convection currents From the cold north and south poles the air would become dense and sink moving toward the equator then heat and rising moving back to the pole 5) Since the earth does rotate causing the Coriolis Effect how many different patterns of wind convection currents are there in the northern hemisphere 3 What are they called The easterlies move from the east to the west The westerlies move from the west to the east The trade winds move from the east to the west 6) What happens where the Westerlies meet the Easterlies in North America Weather changes are common where the two air masses meet
7) Draw the earth with arrows showing the predominant winds and label their names
bull During the day the land heats faster then the water becoming warmer then the water
bull The hot air above land become less dense and rises
bull The cool air above the water will become more dense and sink
bull This pattern causes cool air from the water over to blow over the land
bull At night the land cools faster then the water the land will become colder then the water
bull This cold air above land will become more dense and sink
bull The hot air above the water will become less dense and rise
bull This pattern causes cool air from the land to blow over the water 6 minute lecture convection current sea breeze and land breeze
httpwwwbingcomvideossearchq=land+breeze+sea+breeze+videoampFORM=VIRE11view=detailampmid=D95C8834DFF47CEDDE95D95C8834DFF47CEDDE95
2 minute video high pressure low pressurehttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=ZQV72Yzmjyc
bull Warm air with low density will rise creating an area of low air pressure
bull Cold air with high density will sink creating an area of high air pressure
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- What causes the seasons Quiz
- Seasons quiz continued
- Seasons quiz continued (2)
- Seasons quiz continued (3)
- Seasons quiz continued (4)
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- What causes the seasons
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- What causes the seasons Continued
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Using the solar demonstrator
- Is there a difference between GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE and GLOBA
- Weather Vs Climate
- Weather
- Why is the Earth the temperature it is
- The Greenhouse Effect
- 2 ways human activity is adding CO2 to the atmosphere
- DEFORESTATION The importance of plants
- What will an increase in global temperature averages do MORE
- Drier conditions in the Central US
- Farming
- A More Extreme Water Cycle will effect
- What will the increase in temperature cause
- Effecting the Oceans
- What can you do to reduce greenhouse gases
- The temperature on Earth has changed many times throughout itrsquos
- How do scientists know what the level of Carbon dioxide was in
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Overview of climate change epa
- Movement of air around earth
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to (2)
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-
2 ways human activity is adding CO2 to the atmosphere
Burning fossil fuels (coal oil natural gas)ndash This removes stored
carbon underground and releases it as gas
ndash Deforestation(killing trees faster then they can re-grow)
ndash Cutting down trees prevents them from taking CO2 out of the air
ndash Burning trees releases CO2 stored in the tree into the atmosphere
httpwwwfwccomimagesLowNoxCombustionSystems2jpg
httpblogwiredcomcarsimages20071213emissionsjpg
DEFORESTATION The importance of plants
bull Plants remove CO2 from the air in photosynthesis and store it as they grow
bull When plants and animals die some of the carbon will become fossil fuels under the surface of the earth
What will an increase in global temperature averages do MORE EXTREME WATER CYCLE
bull Coastal areas will have increased precipitation (rain snow)ndash More runoff ndash Increase in flooding
bull Areas away from the coast will have decreased precipitation ndash soils dry out ndash Droughtndash Less water in lakes and rivers
Drier conditions in the Central US
Who cares if it gets drier in the central US
Farming
bull Where is there more farming ndash A Exeter Rhode Island (home of Schartner Farms)
ndash B Colby Kansasndash See the Satellite Images of each ndash httpmapsgooglecommapshl=enamptab=wlampq=
exeter2C20Rhode20Islandndash httpmapsgooglecommaps
hl=enamptab=wlampq=exeter2C20Rhode20Island
bull Plantsbull Animalsbull Humans
A More Extreme Water Cycle will effect
What will the increase in temperature cause
bull Increased drought in some placesndash This could affect food supply
bull Increased flooding in some placesndash The highest human populations are along the coast
bull Populations of plants and animals may not be able to survive a change in their habitat they may become extinct ndash This may affect other organisms in the food webndash Entire ecosystems could change
Effecting the Oceansbull Changing Climate Means Changing Oceans
httpwwwnprorg20110121133117332changing-climate-means-changing-oceans Science Friday Jan 2011
bull Ocean water is becoming more acidic ndash httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=lIBTuJqPHIkampfeature=player_detailpage you tube ocean acidification NBC 321ndash A change of pH causes shelled organisms to be less able to produce shell this will change food webs ndash httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=Wo-bHt1bOsw chemistry of ocean acidication 3 minutes
bull ocean circulation patterns changingbull fisheries corals plankton shellfish changing bull Sea level is rising because 1) polar ice and
glaciers are melting and 2) the water itself is expanding as it warms up
What can you do to reduce greenhouse gases
Use less coal oil and natural gas for energy bull Turn off the lights when you leave a room bull Turn off your computer and other electronic devices when
youre not using them bull Drive less Instead walk ride your bike or use public
transportation if you can bull Use less water bull Create less waste bull Recycle used paper cans bottles and other materials
The temperature on Earth has changed many times throughout itrsquos history whatrsquos the big deal
bull The temperature is changing fast
bull Human activity is causing the change
Scientists can compare the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere today with the amount of carbon dioxide trapped in ancient ice cores which show that the atmosphere had less carbon dioxide in the past Source EPAs Climate Change Indicators (2010)
How do scientists know what the level of Carbon dioxide was in the distant past
One way is analyzing ICE CORESbull Video about ice cores httpserccarletonedueslabscryosphere4bhtml 231bull httpwwwnhmacuknature-onlineenvironmental-changemeasuring-climate-changeice-cor
es ice core scientists shows how to drill ice 221
Bubbles in ice recovered by drilling from deep within the Greenland Ice Sheet These bubbles are samples of pastatmospheres
Ancient ice contains climate information1) Bubbles trap the atmosphere
when that layer of ice was formed
2) Thickness of the layers can be seen indicating each year of ice formation
Figure 67 A Greenland ice core
EA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of Global Warmingand Our Energy Future Columbia University Press Source NOAA
Figure 83 The shrinking extent of old thick sea ice in the Arctic September 1988-September 2005 The area of old thick ice has been rapidly shrinking as the resultof prolonged melting and flow of ice out of the Arctic through the Fram Strait OW =open water The palegreen line encloses theregion of 90 iceconcentration
Ice free Arctic in summer soon
httpearthobservatorynasagovFeaturesLarsenIceShelf
Scientists had been observing theLarsen B for several years assumingthat it would eventually retreat But theywere stunned to see the ice shelfdisintegrate in a mere 35 days BetweenJanuary 31 and March 7 2002 the iceshelf lost 3250 square kilometers(about 1255 square miles) 1048754 an areasomewhat larger than Rhode Island 1048754sending a plume of icebergs into theWeddell Sea
Figure 101 The fuels used to produce all energy worldwide 2005Total global consumption of fuels in 2005 amounted to 488 exajoules(1018 joules) 87 of which was generated by fossil fuelsEA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of Global Warming and Our EnergyFuture Columbia University Press Data from Energy Information Agency DOE105
Figure 108 Renewable sources of power as proportions of total USelectric net summer capacity 2006The number in () are gigawatts of electrical capacity with correspondingpercentages of total capacity Biomass includes wood and derived fuels landfillgas municipal solid waste and agricultural by-products
Figure 109 Wind farmThe Maple Ridge WindFarm on the Tug HillPlateau in NY
EA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of GlobalWarming and Our Energy Future Columbia University PressSource National Renewable Energy Laboratory DOE
Overview of climate change epa
bull httpwwwepagovclimatechangekidsindexhtml ldquoclimate change basicsrdquo
Movement of air around earth
The movement of heat is called heat transfer Describe the heat transfer between a contain of hot water and air bull Hot water transfers heat energy to air
causing the air temperature to increaseDescribe the heat transfer between a container of ice and air bull Air transfers heat energy to ice causing
the air temperature to decrease
How does air above a hot surface move bull It will rise because hot air will
become less dense then the air around it Causing low air pressure
How does air above a cold surface move bull It will sink because it will be more
dense then air around it Causing high air pressure
a) What happens when air of the same temperature and humidity collide bull The air did not move much because the
air has similar densitiesB) What happens with air with different temperature and humidity collide bull The air in the cold tube sank the air in
the hot tube rose forming moving circulating air
C) Under what conditions do winds and rotating storms form bull Winds and storms form when air of
different temperature and therefore density meet
Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air Then in the space below explain why the air moves like this
When high pressure air meets low pressure air it forms windsThe air in the
cold tube became more dense forming high air pressure and sank
The air in the hot tube became less dense forming low air pressure and rose forming moving circulating air
Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air
The air in the cold tube became _More_dense forming __High___ air pressure and moved __Down_______
The air in the hot tube became _Less___dense forming _Low____ air pressure and it moved __up_______
Draw smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air
Question Would you expect wind to be formed in the air of set up A or B Why Wind will be formed in Set up A because two air masses of different temperatureor pressure are meeting
Set up ldquoArdquo Set up ldquoBrdquo
Convection Tube Quiz name _______________________
LAND and WATER Heat and Cool at different ratesAnalyze the following incomplete graph
Where do the following labels belong soil water time temperature time when heat turned off
Question 1) define convection movement of heat through air or water Warm air rises it expands and cools Cold air moves in to replace the rising warm air The cool air will then be heated and rise too 2) When is the land warming up faster than water During the dayWhat is warm airs density _low density______
3) Describe how the color of the ground can cause local winds Dark soils heat faster then light colored soil green fields forests Air above dark colored ground will rise to be replaced by cool air from the forests or fields
4) If the earth didnrsquot rotate describe what the global wind patterns would be like The earth would have 2 giant convection currents From the cold north and south poles the air would become dense and sink moving toward the equator then heat and rising moving back to the pole 5) Since the earth does rotate causing the Coriolis Effect how many different patterns of wind convection currents are there in the northern hemisphere 3 What are they called The easterlies move from the east to the west The westerlies move from the west to the east The trade winds move from the east to the west 6) What happens where the Westerlies meet the Easterlies in North America Weather changes are common where the two air masses meet
7) Draw the earth with arrows showing the predominant winds and label their names
bull During the day the land heats faster then the water becoming warmer then the water
bull The hot air above land become less dense and rises
bull The cool air above the water will become more dense and sink
bull This pattern causes cool air from the water over to blow over the land
bull At night the land cools faster then the water the land will become colder then the water
bull This cold air above land will become more dense and sink
bull The hot air above the water will become less dense and rise
bull This pattern causes cool air from the land to blow over the water 6 minute lecture convection current sea breeze and land breeze
httpwwwbingcomvideossearchq=land+breeze+sea+breeze+videoampFORM=VIRE11view=detailampmid=D95C8834DFF47CEDDE95D95C8834DFF47CEDDE95
2 minute video high pressure low pressurehttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=ZQV72Yzmjyc
bull Warm air with low density will rise creating an area of low air pressure
bull Cold air with high density will sink creating an area of high air pressure
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- What causes the seasons Quiz
- Seasons quiz continued
- Seasons quiz continued (2)
- Seasons quiz continued (3)
- Seasons quiz continued (4)
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- What causes the seasons
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- What causes the seasons Continued
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Using the solar demonstrator
- Is there a difference between GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE and GLOBA
- Weather Vs Climate
- Weather
- Why is the Earth the temperature it is
- The Greenhouse Effect
- 2 ways human activity is adding CO2 to the atmosphere
- DEFORESTATION The importance of plants
- What will an increase in global temperature averages do MORE
- Drier conditions in the Central US
- Farming
- A More Extreme Water Cycle will effect
- What will the increase in temperature cause
- Effecting the Oceans
- What can you do to reduce greenhouse gases
- The temperature on Earth has changed many times throughout itrsquos
- How do scientists know what the level of Carbon dioxide was in
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Overview of climate change epa
- Movement of air around earth
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to (2)
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-
DEFORESTATION The importance of plants
bull Plants remove CO2 from the air in photosynthesis and store it as they grow
bull When plants and animals die some of the carbon will become fossil fuels under the surface of the earth
What will an increase in global temperature averages do MORE EXTREME WATER CYCLE
bull Coastal areas will have increased precipitation (rain snow)ndash More runoff ndash Increase in flooding
bull Areas away from the coast will have decreased precipitation ndash soils dry out ndash Droughtndash Less water in lakes and rivers
Drier conditions in the Central US
Who cares if it gets drier in the central US
Farming
bull Where is there more farming ndash A Exeter Rhode Island (home of Schartner Farms)
ndash B Colby Kansasndash See the Satellite Images of each ndash httpmapsgooglecommapshl=enamptab=wlampq=
exeter2C20Rhode20Islandndash httpmapsgooglecommaps
hl=enamptab=wlampq=exeter2C20Rhode20Island
bull Plantsbull Animalsbull Humans
A More Extreme Water Cycle will effect
What will the increase in temperature cause
bull Increased drought in some placesndash This could affect food supply
bull Increased flooding in some placesndash The highest human populations are along the coast
bull Populations of plants and animals may not be able to survive a change in their habitat they may become extinct ndash This may affect other organisms in the food webndash Entire ecosystems could change
Effecting the Oceansbull Changing Climate Means Changing Oceans
httpwwwnprorg20110121133117332changing-climate-means-changing-oceans Science Friday Jan 2011
bull Ocean water is becoming more acidic ndash httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=lIBTuJqPHIkampfeature=player_detailpage you tube ocean acidification NBC 321ndash A change of pH causes shelled organisms to be less able to produce shell this will change food webs ndash httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=Wo-bHt1bOsw chemistry of ocean acidication 3 minutes
bull ocean circulation patterns changingbull fisheries corals plankton shellfish changing bull Sea level is rising because 1) polar ice and
glaciers are melting and 2) the water itself is expanding as it warms up
What can you do to reduce greenhouse gases
Use less coal oil and natural gas for energy bull Turn off the lights when you leave a room bull Turn off your computer and other electronic devices when
youre not using them bull Drive less Instead walk ride your bike or use public
transportation if you can bull Use less water bull Create less waste bull Recycle used paper cans bottles and other materials
The temperature on Earth has changed many times throughout itrsquos history whatrsquos the big deal
bull The temperature is changing fast
bull Human activity is causing the change
Scientists can compare the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere today with the amount of carbon dioxide trapped in ancient ice cores which show that the atmosphere had less carbon dioxide in the past Source EPAs Climate Change Indicators (2010)
How do scientists know what the level of Carbon dioxide was in the distant past
One way is analyzing ICE CORESbull Video about ice cores httpserccarletonedueslabscryosphere4bhtml 231bull httpwwwnhmacuknature-onlineenvironmental-changemeasuring-climate-changeice-cor
es ice core scientists shows how to drill ice 221
Bubbles in ice recovered by drilling from deep within the Greenland Ice Sheet These bubbles are samples of pastatmospheres
Ancient ice contains climate information1) Bubbles trap the atmosphere
when that layer of ice was formed
2) Thickness of the layers can be seen indicating each year of ice formation
Figure 67 A Greenland ice core
EA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of Global Warmingand Our Energy Future Columbia University Press Source NOAA
Figure 83 The shrinking extent of old thick sea ice in the Arctic September 1988-September 2005 The area of old thick ice has been rapidly shrinking as the resultof prolonged melting and flow of ice out of the Arctic through the Fram Strait OW =open water The palegreen line encloses theregion of 90 iceconcentration
Ice free Arctic in summer soon
httpearthobservatorynasagovFeaturesLarsenIceShelf
Scientists had been observing theLarsen B for several years assumingthat it would eventually retreat But theywere stunned to see the ice shelfdisintegrate in a mere 35 days BetweenJanuary 31 and March 7 2002 the iceshelf lost 3250 square kilometers(about 1255 square miles) 1048754 an areasomewhat larger than Rhode Island 1048754sending a plume of icebergs into theWeddell Sea
Figure 101 The fuels used to produce all energy worldwide 2005Total global consumption of fuels in 2005 amounted to 488 exajoules(1018 joules) 87 of which was generated by fossil fuelsEA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of Global Warming and Our EnergyFuture Columbia University Press Data from Energy Information Agency DOE105
Figure 108 Renewable sources of power as proportions of total USelectric net summer capacity 2006The number in () are gigawatts of electrical capacity with correspondingpercentages of total capacity Biomass includes wood and derived fuels landfillgas municipal solid waste and agricultural by-products
Figure 109 Wind farmThe Maple Ridge WindFarm on the Tug HillPlateau in NY
EA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of GlobalWarming and Our Energy Future Columbia University PressSource National Renewable Energy Laboratory DOE
Overview of climate change epa
bull httpwwwepagovclimatechangekidsindexhtml ldquoclimate change basicsrdquo
Movement of air around earth
The movement of heat is called heat transfer Describe the heat transfer between a contain of hot water and air bull Hot water transfers heat energy to air
causing the air temperature to increaseDescribe the heat transfer between a container of ice and air bull Air transfers heat energy to ice causing
the air temperature to decrease
How does air above a hot surface move bull It will rise because hot air will
become less dense then the air around it Causing low air pressure
How does air above a cold surface move bull It will sink because it will be more
dense then air around it Causing high air pressure
a) What happens when air of the same temperature and humidity collide bull The air did not move much because the
air has similar densitiesB) What happens with air with different temperature and humidity collide bull The air in the cold tube sank the air in
the hot tube rose forming moving circulating air
C) Under what conditions do winds and rotating storms form bull Winds and storms form when air of
different temperature and therefore density meet
Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air Then in the space below explain why the air moves like this
When high pressure air meets low pressure air it forms windsThe air in the
cold tube became more dense forming high air pressure and sank
The air in the hot tube became less dense forming low air pressure and rose forming moving circulating air
Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air
The air in the cold tube became _More_dense forming __High___ air pressure and moved __Down_______
The air in the hot tube became _Less___dense forming _Low____ air pressure and it moved __up_______
Draw smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air
Question Would you expect wind to be formed in the air of set up A or B Why Wind will be formed in Set up A because two air masses of different temperatureor pressure are meeting
Set up ldquoArdquo Set up ldquoBrdquo
Convection Tube Quiz name _______________________
LAND and WATER Heat and Cool at different ratesAnalyze the following incomplete graph
Where do the following labels belong soil water time temperature time when heat turned off
Question 1) define convection movement of heat through air or water Warm air rises it expands and cools Cold air moves in to replace the rising warm air The cool air will then be heated and rise too 2) When is the land warming up faster than water During the dayWhat is warm airs density _low density______
3) Describe how the color of the ground can cause local winds Dark soils heat faster then light colored soil green fields forests Air above dark colored ground will rise to be replaced by cool air from the forests or fields
4) If the earth didnrsquot rotate describe what the global wind patterns would be like The earth would have 2 giant convection currents From the cold north and south poles the air would become dense and sink moving toward the equator then heat and rising moving back to the pole 5) Since the earth does rotate causing the Coriolis Effect how many different patterns of wind convection currents are there in the northern hemisphere 3 What are they called The easterlies move from the east to the west The westerlies move from the west to the east The trade winds move from the east to the west 6) What happens where the Westerlies meet the Easterlies in North America Weather changes are common where the two air masses meet
7) Draw the earth with arrows showing the predominant winds and label their names
bull During the day the land heats faster then the water becoming warmer then the water
bull The hot air above land become less dense and rises
bull The cool air above the water will become more dense and sink
bull This pattern causes cool air from the water over to blow over the land
bull At night the land cools faster then the water the land will become colder then the water
bull This cold air above land will become more dense and sink
bull The hot air above the water will become less dense and rise
bull This pattern causes cool air from the land to blow over the water 6 minute lecture convection current sea breeze and land breeze
httpwwwbingcomvideossearchq=land+breeze+sea+breeze+videoampFORM=VIRE11view=detailampmid=D95C8834DFF47CEDDE95D95C8834DFF47CEDDE95
2 minute video high pressure low pressurehttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=ZQV72Yzmjyc
bull Warm air with low density will rise creating an area of low air pressure
bull Cold air with high density will sink creating an area of high air pressure
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- What causes the seasons Quiz
- Seasons quiz continued
- Seasons quiz continued (2)
- Seasons quiz continued (3)
- Seasons quiz continued (4)
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- What causes the seasons
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- What causes the seasons Continued
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Using the solar demonstrator
- Is there a difference between GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE and GLOBA
- Weather Vs Climate
- Weather
- Why is the Earth the temperature it is
- The Greenhouse Effect
- 2 ways human activity is adding CO2 to the atmosphere
- DEFORESTATION The importance of plants
- What will an increase in global temperature averages do MORE
- Drier conditions in the Central US
- Farming
- A More Extreme Water Cycle will effect
- What will the increase in temperature cause
- Effecting the Oceans
- What can you do to reduce greenhouse gases
- The temperature on Earth has changed many times throughout itrsquos
- How do scientists know what the level of Carbon dioxide was in
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Overview of climate change epa
- Movement of air around earth
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to (2)
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-
What will an increase in global temperature averages do MORE EXTREME WATER CYCLE
bull Coastal areas will have increased precipitation (rain snow)ndash More runoff ndash Increase in flooding
bull Areas away from the coast will have decreased precipitation ndash soils dry out ndash Droughtndash Less water in lakes and rivers
Drier conditions in the Central US
Who cares if it gets drier in the central US
Farming
bull Where is there more farming ndash A Exeter Rhode Island (home of Schartner Farms)
ndash B Colby Kansasndash See the Satellite Images of each ndash httpmapsgooglecommapshl=enamptab=wlampq=
exeter2C20Rhode20Islandndash httpmapsgooglecommaps
hl=enamptab=wlampq=exeter2C20Rhode20Island
bull Plantsbull Animalsbull Humans
A More Extreme Water Cycle will effect
What will the increase in temperature cause
bull Increased drought in some placesndash This could affect food supply
bull Increased flooding in some placesndash The highest human populations are along the coast
bull Populations of plants and animals may not be able to survive a change in their habitat they may become extinct ndash This may affect other organisms in the food webndash Entire ecosystems could change
Effecting the Oceansbull Changing Climate Means Changing Oceans
httpwwwnprorg20110121133117332changing-climate-means-changing-oceans Science Friday Jan 2011
bull Ocean water is becoming more acidic ndash httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=lIBTuJqPHIkampfeature=player_detailpage you tube ocean acidification NBC 321ndash A change of pH causes shelled organisms to be less able to produce shell this will change food webs ndash httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=Wo-bHt1bOsw chemistry of ocean acidication 3 minutes
bull ocean circulation patterns changingbull fisheries corals plankton shellfish changing bull Sea level is rising because 1) polar ice and
glaciers are melting and 2) the water itself is expanding as it warms up
What can you do to reduce greenhouse gases
Use less coal oil and natural gas for energy bull Turn off the lights when you leave a room bull Turn off your computer and other electronic devices when
youre not using them bull Drive less Instead walk ride your bike or use public
transportation if you can bull Use less water bull Create less waste bull Recycle used paper cans bottles and other materials
The temperature on Earth has changed many times throughout itrsquos history whatrsquos the big deal
bull The temperature is changing fast
bull Human activity is causing the change
Scientists can compare the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere today with the amount of carbon dioxide trapped in ancient ice cores which show that the atmosphere had less carbon dioxide in the past Source EPAs Climate Change Indicators (2010)
How do scientists know what the level of Carbon dioxide was in the distant past
One way is analyzing ICE CORESbull Video about ice cores httpserccarletonedueslabscryosphere4bhtml 231bull httpwwwnhmacuknature-onlineenvironmental-changemeasuring-climate-changeice-cor
es ice core scientists shows how to drill ice 221
Bubbles in ice recovered by drilling from deep within the Greenland Ice Sheet These bubbles are samples of pastatmospheres
Ancient ice contains climate information1) Bubbles trap the atmosphere
when that layer of ice was formed
2) Thickness of the layers can be seen indicating each year of ice formation
Figure 67 A Greenland ice core
EA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of Global Warmingand Our Energy Future Columbia University Press Source NOAA
Figure 83 The shrinking extent of old thick sea ice in the Arctic September 1988-September 2005 The area of old thick ice has been rapidly shrinking as the resultof prolonged melting and flow of ice out of the Arctic through the Fram Strait OW =open water The palegreen line encloses theregion of 90 iceconcentration
Ice free Arctic in summer soon
httpearthobservatorynasagovFeaturesLarsenIceShelf
Scientists had been observing theLarsen B for several years assumingthat it would eventually retreat But theywere stunned to see the ice shelfdisintegrate in a mere 35 days BetweenJanuary 31 and March 7 2002 the iceshelf lost 3250 square kilometers(about 1255 square miles) 1048754 an areasomewhat larger than Rhode Island 1048754sending a plume of icebergs into theWeddell Sea
Figure 101 The fuels used to produce all energy worldwide 2005Total global consumption of fuels in 2005 amounted to 488 exajoules(1018 joules) 87 of which was generated by fossil fuelsEA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of Global Warming and Our EnergyFuture Columbia University Press Data from Energy Information Agency DOE105
Figure 108 Renewable sources of power as proportions of total USelectric net summer capacity 2006The number in () are gigawatts of electrical capacity with correspondingpercentages of total capacity Biomass includes wood and derived fuels landfillgas municipal solid waste and agricultural by-products
Figure 109 Wind farmThe Maple Ridge WindFarm on the Tug HillPlateau in NY
EA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of GlobalWarming and Our Energy Future Columbia University PressSource National Renewable Energy Laboratory DOE
Overview of climate change epa
bull httpwwwepagovclimatechangekidsindexhtml ldquoclimate change basicsrdquo
Movement of air around earth
The movement of heat is called heat transfer Describe the heat transfer between a contain of hot water and air bull Hot water transfers heat energy to air
causing the air temperature to increaseDescribe the heat transfer between a container of ice and air bull Air transfers heat energy to ice causing
the air temperature to decrease
How does air above a hot surface move bull It will rise because hot air will
become less dense then the air around it Causing low air pressure
How does air above a cold surface move bull It will sink because it will be more
dense then air around it Causing high air pressure
a) What happens when air of the same temperature and humidity collide bull The air did not move much because the
air has similar densitiesB) What happens with air with different temperature and humidity collide bull The air in the cold tube sank the air in
the hot tube rose forming moving circulating air
C) Under what conditions do winds and rotating storms form bull Winds and storms form when air of
different temperature and therefore density meet
Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air Then in the space below explain why the air moves like this
When high pressure air meets low pressure air it forms windsThe air in the
cold tube became more dense forming high air pressure and sank
The air in the hot tube became less dense forming low air pressure and rose forming moving circulating air
Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air
The air in the cold tube became _More_dense forming __High___ air pressure and moved __Down_______
The air in the hot tube became _Less___dense forming _Low____ air pressure and it moved __up_______
Draw smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air
Question Would you expect wind to be formed in the air of set up A or B Why Wind will be formed in Set up A because two air masses of different temperatureor pressure are meeting
Set up ldquoArdquo Set up ldquoBrdquo
Convection Tube Quiz name _______________________
LAND and WATER Heat and Cool at different ratesAnalyze the following incomplete graph
Where do the following labels belong soil water time temperature time when heat turned off
Question 1) define convection movement of heat through air or water Warm air rises it expands and cools Cold air moves in to replace the rising warm air The cool air will then be heated and rise too 2) When is the land warming up faster than water During the dayWhat is warm airs density _low density______
3) Describe how the color of the ground can cause local winds Dark soils heat faster then light colored soil green fields forests Air above dark colored ground will rise to be replaced by cool air from the forests or fields
4) If the earth didnrsquot rotate describe what the global wind patterns would be like The earth would have 2 giant convection currents From the cold north and south poles the air would become dense and sink moving toward the equator then heat and rising moving back to the pole 5) Since the earth does rotate causing the Coriolis Effect how many different patterns of wind convection currents are there in the northern hemisphere 3 What are they called The easterlies move from the east to the west The westerlies move from the west to the east The trade winds move from the east to the west 6) What happens where the Westerlies meet the Easterlies in North America Weather changes are common where the two air masses meet
7) Draw the earth with arrows showing the predominant winds and label their names
bull During the day the land heats faster then the water becoming warmer then the water
bull The hot air above land become less dense and rises
bull The cool air above the water will become more dense and sink
bull This pattern causes cool air from the water over to blow over the land
bull At night the land cools faster then the water the land will become colder then the water
bull This cold air above land will become more dense and sink
bull The hot air above the water will become less dense and rise
bull This pattern causes cool air from the land to blow over the water 6 minute lecture convection current sea breeze and land breeze
httpwwwbingcomvideossearchq=land+breeze+sea+breeze+videoampFORM=VIRE11view=detailampmid=D95C8834DFF47CEDDE95D95C8834DFF47CEDDE95
2 minute video high pressure low pressurehttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=ZQV72Yzmjyc
bull Warm air with low density will rise creating an area of low air pressure
bull Cold air with high density will sink creating an area of high air pressure
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- What causes the seasons Quiz
- Seasons quiz continued
- Seasons quiz continued (2)
- Seasons quiz continued (3)
- Seasons quiz continued (4)
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- What causes the seasons
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- What causes the seasons Continued
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Using the solar demonstrator
- Is there a difference between GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE and GLOBA
- Weather Vs Climate
- Weather
- Why is the Earth the temperature it is
- The Greenhouse Effect
- 2 ways human activity is adding CO2 to the atmosphere
- DEFORESTATION The importance of plants
- What will an increase in global temperature averages do MORE
- Drier conditions in the Central US
- Farming
- A More Extreme Water Cycle will effect
- What will the increase in temperature cause
- Effecting the Oceans
- What can you do to reduce greenhouse gases
- The temperature on Earth has changed many times throughout itrsquos
- How do scientists know what the level of Carbon dioxide was in
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Overview of climate change epa
- Movement of air around earth
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to (2)
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-
Drier conditions in the Central US
Who cares if it gets drier in the central US
Farming
bull Where is there more farming ndash A Exeter Rhode Island (home of Schartner Farms)
ndash B Colby Kansasndash See the Satellite Images of each ndash httpmapsgooglecommapshl=enamptab=wlampq=
exeter2C20Rhode20Islandndash httpmapsgooglecommaps
hl=enamptab=wlampq=exeter2C20Rhode20Island
bull Plantsbull Animalsbull Humans
A More Extreme Water Cycle will effect
What will the increase in temperature cause
bull Increased drought in some placesndash This could affect food supply
bull Increased flooding in some placesndash The highest human populations are along the coast
bull Populations of plants and animals may not be able to survive a change in their habitat they may become extinct ndash This may affect other organisms in the food webndash Entire ecosystems could change
Effecting the Oceansbull Changing Climate Means Changing Oceans
httpwwwnprorg20110121133117332changing-climate-means-changing-oceans Science Friday Jan 2011
bull Ocean water is becoming more acidic ndash httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=lIBTuJqPHIkampfeature=player_detailpage you tube ocean acidification NBC 321ndash A change of pH causes shelled organisms to be less able to produce shell this will change food webs ndash httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=Wo-bHt1bOsw chemistry of ocean acidication 3 minutes
bull ocean circulation patterns changingbull fisheries corals plankton shellfish changing bull Sea level is rising because 1) polar ice and
glaciers are melting and 2) the water itself is expanding as it warms up
What can you do to reduce greenhouse gases
Use less coal oil and natural gas for energy bull Turn off the lights when you leave a room bull Turn off your computer and other electronic devices when
youre not using them bull Drive less Instead walk ride your bike or use public
transportation if you can bull Use less water bull Create less waste bull Recycle used paper cans bottles and other materials
The temperature on Earth has changed many times throughout itrsquos history whatrsquos the big deal
bull The temperature is changing fast
bull Human activity is causing the change
Scientists can compare the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere today with the amount of carbon dioxide trapped in ancient ice cores which show that the atmosphere had less carbon dioxide in the past Source EPAs Climate Change Indicators (2010)
How do scientists know what the level of Carbon dioxide was in the distant past
One way is analyzing ICE CORESbull Video about ice cores httpserccarletonedueslabscryosphere4bhtml 231bull httpwwwnhmacuknature-onlineenvironmental-changemeasuring-climate-changeice-cor
es ice core scientists shows how to drill ice 221
Bubbles in ice recovered by drilling from deep within the Greenland Ice Sheet These bubbles are samples of pastatmospheres
Ancient ice contains climate information1) Bubbles trap the atmosphere
when that layer of ice was formed
2) Thickness of the layers can be seen indicating each year of ice formation
Figure 67 A Greenland ice core
EA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of Global Warmingand Our Energy Future Columbia University Press Source NOAA
Figure 83 The shrinking extent of old thick sea ice in the Arctic September 1988-September 2005 The area of old thick ice has been rapidly shrinking as the resultof prolonged melting and flow of ice out of the Arctic through the Fram Strait OW =open water The palegreen line encloses theregion of 90 iceconcentration
Ice free Arctic in summer soon
httpearthobservatorynasagovFeaturesLarsenIceShelf
Scientists had been observing theLarsen B for several years assumingthat it would eventually retreat But theywere stunned to see the ice shelfdisintegrate in a mere 35 days BetweenJanuary 31 and March 7 2002 the iceshelf lost 3250 square kilometers(about 1255 square miles) 1048754 an areasomewhat larger than Rhode Island 1048754sending a plume of icebergs into theWeddell Sea
Figure 101 The fuels used to produce all energy worldwide 2005Total global consumption of fuels in 2005 amounted to 488 exajoules(1018 joules) 87 of which was generated by fossil fuelsEA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of Global Warming and Our EnergyFuture Columbia University Press Data from Energy Information Agency DOE105
Figure 108 Renewable sources of power as proportions of total USelectric net summer capacity 2006The number in () are gigawatts of electrical capacity with correspondingpercentages of total capacity Biomass includes wood and derived fuels landfillgas municipal solid waste and agricultural by-products
Figure 109 Wind farmThe Maple Ridge WindFarm on the Tug HillPlateau in NY
EA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of GlobalWarming and Our Energy Future Columbia University PressSource National Renewable Energy Laboratory DOE
Overview of climate change epa
bull httpwwwepagovclimatechangekidsindexhtml ldquoclimate change basicsrdquo
Movement of air around earth
The movement of heat is called heat transfer Describe the heat transfer between a contain of hot water and air bull Hot water transfers heat energy to air
causing the air temperature to increaseDescribe the heat transfer between a container of ice and air bull Air transfers heat energy to ice causing
the air temperature to decrease
How does air above a hot surface move bull It will rise because hot air will
become less dense then the air around it Causing low air pressure
How does air above a cold surface move bull It will sink because it will be more
dense then air around it Causing high air pressure
a) What happens when air of the same temperature and humidity collide bull The air did not move much because the
air has similar densitiesB) What happens with air with different temperature and humidity collide bull The air in the cold tube sank the air in
the hot tube rose forming moving circulating air
C) Under what conditions do winds and rotating storms form bull Winds and storms form when air of
different temperature and therefore density meet
Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air Then in the space below explain why the air moves like this
When high pressure air meets low pressure air it forms windsThe air in the
cold tube became more dense forming high air pressure and sank
The air in the hot tube became less dense forming low air pressure and rose forming moving circulating air
Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air
The air in the cold tube became _More_dense forming __High___ air pressure and moved __Down_______
The air in the hot tube became _Less___dense forming _Low____ air pressure and it moved __up_______
Draw smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air
Question Would you expect wind to be formed in the air of set up A or B Why Wind will be formed in Set up A because two air masses of different temperatureor pressure are meeting
Set up ldquoArdquo Set up ldquoBrdquo
Convection Tube Quiz name _______________________
LAND and WATER Heat and Cool at different ratesAnalyze the following incomplete graph
Where do the following labels belong soil water time temperature time when heat turned off
Question 1) define convection movement of heat through air or water Warm air rises it expands and cools Cold air moves in to replace the rising warm air The cool air will then be heated and rise too 2) When is the land warming up faster than water During the dayWhat is warm airs density _low density______
3) Describe how the color of the ground can cause local winds Dark soils heat faster then light colored soil green fields forests Air above dark colored ground will rise to be replaced by cool air from the forests or fields
4) If the earth didnrsquot rotate describe what the global wind patterns would be like The earth would have 2 giant convection currents From the cold north and south poles the air would become dense and sink moving toward the equator then heat and rising moving back to the pole 5) Since the earth does rotate causing the Coriolis Effect how many different patterns of wind convection currents are there in the northern hemisphere 3 What are they called The easterlies move from the east to the west The westerlies move from the west to the east The trade winds move from the east to the west 6) What happens where the Westerlies meet the Easterlies in North America Weather changes are common where the two air masses meet
7) Draw the earth with arrows showing the predominant winds and label their names
bull During the day the land heats faster then the water becoming warmer then the water
bull The hot air above land become less dense and rises
bull The cool air above the water will become more dense and sink
bull This pattern causes cool air from the water over to blow over the land
bull At night the land cools faster then the water the land will become colder then the water
bull This cold air above land will become more dense and sink
bull The hot air above the water will become less dense and rise
bull This pattern causes cool air from the land to blow over the water 6 minute lecture convection current sea breeze and land breeze
httpwwwbingcomvideossearchq=land+breeze+sea+breeze+videoampFORM=VIRE11view=detailampmid=D95C8834DFF47CEDDE95D95C8834DFF47CEDDE95
2 minute video high pressure low pressurehttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=ZQV72Yzmjyc
bull Warm air with low density will rise creating an area of low air pressure
bull Cold air with high density will sink creating an area of high air pressure
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- What causes the seasons Quiz
- Seasons quiz continued
- Seasons quiz continued (2)
- Seasons quiz continued (3)
- Seasons quiz continued (4)
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- What causes the seasons
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- What causes the seasons Continued
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Using the solar demonstrator
- Is there a difference between GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE and GLOBA
- Weather Vs Climate
- Weather
- Why is the Earth the temperature it is
- The Greenhouse Effect
- 2 ways human activity is adding CO2 to the atmosphere
- DEFORESTATION The importance of plants
- What will an increase in global temperature averages do MORE
- Drier conditions in the Central US
- Farming
- A More Extreme Water Cycle will effect
- What will the increase in temperature cause
- Effecting the Oceans
- What can you do to reduce greenhouse gases
- The temperature on Earth has changed many times throughout itrsquos
- How do scientists know what the level of Carbon dioxide was in
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Overview of climate change epa
- Movement of air around earth
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to (2)
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-
Farming
bull Where is there more farming ndash A Exeter Rhode Island (home of Schartner Farms)
ndash B Colby Kansasndash See the Satellite Images of each ndash httpmapsgooglecommapshl=enamptab=wlampq=
exeter2C20Rhode20Islandndash httpmapsgooglecommaps
hl=enamptab=wlampq=exeter2C20Rhode20Island
bull Plantsbull Animalsbull Humans
A More Extreme Water Cycle will effect
What will the increase in temperature cause
bull Increased drought in some placesndash This could affect food supply
bull Increased flooding in some placesndash The highest human populations are along the coast
bull Populations of plants and animals may not be able to survive a change in their habitat they may become extinct ndash This may affect other organisms in the food webndash Entire ecosystems could change
Effecting the Oceansbull Changing Climate Means Changing Oceans
httpwwwnprorg20110121133117332changing-climate-means-changing-oceans Science Friday Jan 2011
bull Ocean water is becoming more acidic ndash httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=lIBTuJqPHIkampfeature=player_detailpage you tube ocean acidification NBC 321ndash A change of pH causes shelled organisms to be less able to produce shell this will change food webs ndash httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=Wo-bHt1bOsw chemistry of ocean acidication 3 minutes
bull ocean circulation patterns changingbull fisheries corals plankton shellfish changing bull Sea level is rising because 1) polar ice and
glaciers are melting and 2) the water itself is expanding as it warms up
What can you do to reduce greenhouse gases
Use less coal oil and natural gas for energy bull Turn off the lights when you leave a room bull Turn off your computer and other electronic devices when
youre not using them bull Drive less Instead walk ride your bike or use public
transportation if you can bull Use less water bull Create less waste bull Recycle used paper cans bottles and other materials
The temperature on Earth has changed many times throughout itrsquos history whatrsquos the big deal
bull The temperature is changing fast
bull Human activity is causing the change
Scientists can compare the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere today with the amount of carbon dioxide trapped in ancient ice cores which show that the atmosphere had less carbon dioxide in the past Source EPAs Climate Change Indicators (2010)
How do scientists know what the level of Carbon dioxide was in the distant past
One way is analyzing ICE CORESbull Video about ice cores httpserccarletonedueslabscryosphere4bhtml 231bull httpwwwnhmacuknature-onlineenvironmental-changemeasuring-climate-changeice-cor
es ice core scientists shows how to drill ice 221
Bubbles in ice recovered by drilling from deep within the Greenland Ice Sheet These bubbles are samples of pastatmospheres
Ancient ice contains climate information1) Bubbles trap the atmosphere
when that layer of ice was formed
2) Thickness of the layers can be seen indicating each year of ice formation
Figure 67 A Greenland ice core
EA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of Global Warmingand Our Energy Future Columbia University Press Source NOAA
Figure 83 The shrinking extent of old thick sea ice in the Arctic September 1988-September 2005 The area of old thick ice has been rapidly shrinking as the resultof prolonged melting and flow of ice out of the Arctic through the Fram Strait OW =open water The palegreen line encloses theregion of 90 iceconcentration
Ice free Arctic in summer soon
httpearthobservatorynasagovFeaturesLarsenIceShelf
Scientists had been observing theLarsen B for several years assumingthat it would eventually retreat But theywere stunned to see the ice shelfdisintegrate in a mere 35 days BetweenJanuary 31 and March 7 2002 the iceshelf lost 3250 square kilometers(about 1255 square miles) 1048754 an areasomewhat larger than Rhode Island 1048754sending a plume of icebergs into theWeddell Sea
Figure 101 The fuels used to produce all energy worldwide 2005Total global consumption of fuels in 2005 amounted to 488 exajoules(1018 joules) 87 of which was generated by fossil fuelsEA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of Global Warming and Our EnergyFuture Columbia University Press Data from Energy Information Agency DOE105
Figure 108 Renewable sources of power as proportions of total USelectric net summer capacity 2006The number in () are gigawatts of electrical capacity with correspondingpercentages of total capacity Biomass includes wood and derived fuels landfillgas municipal solid waste and agricultural by-products
Figure 109 Wind farmThe Maple Ridge WindFarm on the Tug HillPlateau in NY
EA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of GlobalWarming and Our Energy Future Columbia University PressSource National Renewable Energy Laboratory DOE
Overview of climate change epa
bull httpwwwepagovclimatechangekidsindexhtml ldquoclimate change basicsrdquo
Movement of air around earth
The movement of heat is called heat transfer Describe the heat transfer between a contain of hot water and air bull Hot water transfers heat energy to air
causing the air temperature to increaseDescribe the heat transfer between a container of ice and air bull Air transfers heat energy to ice causing
the air temperature to decrease
How does air above a hot surface move bull It will rise because hot air will
become less dense then the air around it Causing low air pressure
How does air above a cold surface move bull It will sink because it will be more
dense then air around it Causing high air pressure
a) What happens when air of the same temperature and humidity collide bull The air did not move much because the
air has similar densitiesB) What happens with air with different temperature and humidity collide bull The air in the cold tube sank the air in
the hot tube rose forming moving circulating air
C) Under what conditions do winds and rotating storms form bull Winds and storms form when air of
different temperature and therefore density meet
Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air Then in the space below explain why the air moves like this
When high pressure air meets low pressure air it forms windsThe air in the
cold tube became more dense forming high air pressure and sank
The air in the hot tube became less dense forming low air pressure and rose forming moving circulating air
Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air
The air in the cold tube became _More_dense forming __High___ air pressure and moved __Down_______
The air in the hot tube became _Less___dense forming _Low____ air pressure and it moved __up_______
Draw smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air
Question Would you expect wind to be formed in the air of set up A or B Why Wind will be formed in Set up A because two air masses of different temperatureor pressure are meeting
Set up ldquoArdquo Set up ldquoBrdquo
Convection Tube Quiz name _______________________
LAND and WATER Heat and Cool at different ratesAnalyze the following incomplete graph
Where do the following labels belong soil water time temperature time when heat turned off
Question 1) define convection movement of heat through air or water Warm air rises it expands and cools Cold air moves in to replace the rising warm air The cool air will then be heated and rise too 2) When is the land warming up faster than water During the dayWhat is warm airs density _low density______
3) Describe how the color of the ground can cause local winds Dark soils heat faster then light colored soil green fields forests Air above dark colored ground will rise to be replaced by cool air from the forests or fields
4) If the earth didnrsquot rotate describe what the global wind patterns would be like The earth would have 2 giant convection currents From the cold north and south poles the air would become dense and sink moving toward the equator then heat and rising moving back to the pole 5) Since the earth does rotate causing the Coriolis Effect how many different patterns of wind convection currents are there in the northern hemisphere 3 What are they called The easterlies move from the east to the west The westerlies move from the west to the east The trade winds move from the east to the west 6) What happens where the Westerlies meet the Easterlies in North America Weather changes are common where the two air masses meet
7) Draw the earth with arrows showing the predominant winds and label their names
bull During the day the land heats faster then the water becoming warmer then the water
bull The hot air above land become less dense and rises
bull The cool air above the water will become more dense and sink
bull This pattern causes cool air from the water over to blow over the land
bull At night the land cools faster then the water the land will become colder then the water
bull This cold air above land will become more dense and sink
bull The hot air above the water will become less dense and rise
bull This pattern causes cool air from the land to blow over the water 6 minute lecture convection current sea breeze and land breeze
httpwwwbingcomvideossearchq=land+breeze+sea+breeze+videoampFORM=VIRE11view=detailampmid=D95C8834DFF47CEDDE95D95C8834DFF47CEDDE95
2 minute video high pressure low pressurehttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=ZQV72Yzmjyc
bull Warm air with low density will rise creating an area of low air pressure
bull Cold air with high density will sink creating an area of high air pressure
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- What causes the seasons Quiz
- Seasons quiz continued
- Seasons quiz continued (2)
- Seasons quiz continued (3)
- Seasons quiz continued (4)
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- What causes the seasons
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- What causes the seasons Continued
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Using the solar demonstrator
- Is there a difference between GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE and GLOBA
- Weather Vs Climate
- Weather
- Why is the Earth the temperature it is
- The Greenhouse Effect
- 2 ways human activity is adding CO2 to the atmosphere
- DEFORESTATION The importance of plants
- What will an increase in global temperature averages do MORE
- Drier conditions in the Central US
- Farming
- A More Extreme Water Cycle will effect
- What will the increase in temperature cause
- Effecting the Oceans
- What can you do to reduce greenhouse gases
- The temperature on Earth has changed many times throughout itrsquos
- How do scientists know what the level of Carbon dioxide was in
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Overview of climate change epa
- Movement of air around earth
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to (2)
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-
bull Plantsbull Animalsbull Humans
A More Extreme Water Cycle will effect
What will the increase in temperature cause
bull Increased drought in some placesndash This could affect food supply
bull Increased flooding in some placesndash The highest human populations are along the coast
bull Populations of plants and animals may not be able to survive a change in their habitat they may become extinct ndash This may affect other organisms in the food webndash Entire ecosystems could change
Effecting the Oceansbull Changing Climate Means Changing Oceans
httpwwwnprorg20110121133117332changing-climate-means-changing-oceans Science Friday Jan 2011
bull Ocean water is becoming more acidic ndash httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=lIBTuJqPHIkampfeature=player_detailpage you tube ocean acidification NBC 321ndash A change of pH causes shelled organisms to be less able to produce shell this will change food webs ndash httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=Wo-bHt1bOsw chemistry of ocean acidication 3 minutes
bull ocean circulation patterns changingbull fisheries corals plankton shellfish changing bull Sea level is rising because 1) polar ice and
glaciers are melting and 2) the water itself is expanding as it warms up
What can you do to reduce greenhouse gases
Use less coal oil and natural gas for energy bull Turn off the lights when you leave a room bull Turn off your computer and other electronic devices when
youre not using them bull Drive less Instead walk ride your bike or use public
transportation if you can bull Use less water bull Create less waste bull Recycle used paper cans bottles and other materials
The temperature on Earth has changed many times throughout itrsquos history whatrsquos the big deal
bull The temperature is changing fast
bull Human activity is causing the change
Scientists can compare the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere today with the amount of carbon dioxide trapped in ancient ice cores which show that the atmosphere had less carbon dioxide in the past Source EPAs Climate Change Indicators (2010)
How do scientists know what the level of Carbon dioxide was in the distant past
One way is analyzing ICE CORESbull Video about ice cores httpserccarletonedueslabscryosphere4bhtml 231bull httpwwwnhmacuknature-onlineenvironmental-changemeasuring-climate-changeice-cor
es ice core scientists shows how to drill ice 221
Bubbles in ice recovered by drilling from deep within the Greenland Ice Sheet These bubbles are samples of pastatmospheres
Ancient ice contains climate information1) Bubbles trap the atmosphere
when that layer of ice was formed
2) Thickness of the layers can be seen indicating each year of ice formation
Figure 67 A Greenland ice core
EA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of Global Warmingand Our Energy Future Columbia University Press Source NOAA
Figure 83 The shrinking extent of old thick sea ice in the Arctic September 1988-September 2005 The area of old thick ice has been rapidly shrinking as the resultof prolonged melting and flow of ice out of the Arctic through the Fram Strait OW =open water The palegreen line encloses theregion of 90 iceconcentration
Ice free Arctic in summer soon
httpearthobservatorynasagovFeaturesLarsenIceShelf
Scientists had been observing theLarsen B for several years assumingthat it would eventually retreat But theywere stunned to see the ice shelfdisintegrate in a mere 35 days BetweenJanuary 31 and March 7 2002 the iceshelf lost 3250 square kilometers(about 1255 square miles) 1048754 an areasomewhat larger than Rhode Island 1048754sending a plume of icebergs into theWeddell Sea
Figure 101 The fuels used to produce all energy worldwide 2005Total global consumption of fuels in 2005 amounted to 488 exajoules(1018 joules) 87 of which was generated by fossil fuelsEA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of Global Warming and Our EnergyFuture Columbia University Press Data from Energy Information Agency DOE105
Figure 108 Renewable sources of power as proportions of total USelectric net summer capacity 2006The number in () are gigawatts of electrical capacity with correspondingpercentages of total capacity Biomass includes wood and derived fuels landfillgas municipal solid waste and agricultural by-products
Figure 109 Wind farmThe Maple Ridge WindFarm on the Tug HillPlateau in NY
EA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of GlobalWarming and Our Energy Future Columbia University PressSource National Renewable Energy Laboratory DOE
Overview of climate change epa
bull httpwwwepagovclimatechangekidsindexhtml ldquoclimate change basicsrdquo
Movement of air around earth
The movement of heat is called heat transfer Describe the heat transfer between a contain of hot water and air bull Hot water transfers heat energy to air
causing the air temperature to increaseDescribe the heat transfer between a container of ice and air bull Air transfers heat energy to ice causing
the air temperature to decrease
How does air above a hot surface move bull It will rise because hot air will
become less dense then the air around it Causing low air pressure
How does air above a cold surface move bull It will sink because it will be more
dense then air around it Causing high air pressure
a) What happens when air of the same temperature and humidity collide bull The air did not move much because the
air has similar densitiesB) What happens with air with different temperature and humidity collide bull The air in the cold tube sank the air in
the hot tube rose forming moving circulating air
C) Under what conditions do winds and rotating storms form bull Winds and storms form when air of
different temperature and therefore density meet
Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air Then in the space below explain why the air moves like this
When high pressure air meets low pressure air it forms windsThe air in the
cold tube became more dense forming high air pressure and sank
The air in the hot tube became less dense forming low air pressure and rose forming moving circulating air
Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air
The air in the cold tube became _More_dense forming __High___ air pressure and moved __Down_______
The air in the hot tube became _Less___dense forming _Low____ air pressure and it moved __up_______
Draw smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air
Question Would you expect wind to be formed in the air of set up A or B Why Wind will be formed in Set up A because two air masses of different temperatureor pressure are meeting
Set up ldquoArdquo Set up ldquoBrdquo
Convection Tube Quiz name _______________________
LAND and WATER Heat and Cool at different ratesAnalyze the following incomplete graph
Where do the following labels belong soil water time temperature time when heat turned off
Question 1) define convection movement of heat through air or water Warm air rises it expands and cools Cold air moves in to replace the rising warm air The cool air will then be heated and rise too 2) When is the land warming up faster than water During the dayWhat is warm airs density _low density______
3) Describe how the color of the ground can cause local winds Dark soils heat faster then light colored soil green fields forests Air above dark colored ground will rise to be replaced by cool air from the forests or fields
4) If the earth didnrsquot rotate describe what the global wind patterns would be like The earth would have 2 giant convection currents From the cold north and south poles the air would become dense and sink moving toward the equator then heat and rising moving back to the pole 5) Since the earth does rotate causing the Coriolis Effect how many different patterns of wind convection currents are there in the northern hemisphere 3 What are they called The easterlies move from the east to the west The westerlies move from the west to the east The trade winds move from the east to the west 6) What happens where the Westerlies meet the Easterlies in North America Weather changes are common where the two air masses meet
7) Draw the earth with arrows showing the predominant winds and label their names
bull During the day the land heats faster then the water becoming warmer then the water
bull The hot air above land become less dense and rises
bull The cool air above the water will become more dense and sink
bull This pattern causes cool air from the water over to blow over the land
bull At night the land cools faster then the water the land will become colder then the water
bull This cold air above land will become more dense and sink
bull The hot air above the water will become less dense and rise
bull This pattern causes cool air from the land to blow over the water 6 minute lecture convection current sea breeze and land breeze
httpwwwbingcomvideossearchq=land+breeze+sea+breeze+videoampFORM=VIRE11view=detailampmid=D95C8834DFF47CEDDE95D95C8834DFF47CEDDE95
2 minute video high pressure low pressurehttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=ZQV72Yzmjyc
bull Warm air with low density will rise creating an area of low air pressure
bull Cold air with high density will sink creating an area of high air pressure
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- What causes the seasons Quiz
- Seasons quiz continued
- Seasons quiz continued (2)
- Seasons quiz continued (3)
- Seasons quiz continued (4)
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- What causes the seasons
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- What causes the seasons Continued
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Using the solar demonstrator
- Is there a difference between GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE and GLOBA
- Weather Vs Climate
- Weather
- Why is the Earth the temperature it is
- The Greenhouse Effect
- 2 ways human activity is adding CO2 to the atmosphere
- DEFORESTATION The importance of plants
- What will an increase in global temperature averages do MORE
- Drier conditions in the Central US
- Farming
- A More Extreme Water Cycle will effect
- What will the increase in temperature cause
- Effecting the Oceans
- What can you do to reduce greenhouse gases
- The temperature on Earth has changed many times throughout itrsquos
- How do scientists know what the level of Carbon dioxide was in
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Overview of climate change epa
- Movement of air around earth
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to (2)
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-
What will the increase in temperature cause
bull Increased drought in some placesndash This could affect food supply
bull Increased flooding in some placesndash The highest human populations are along the coast
bull Populations of plants and animals may not be able to survive a change in their habitat they may become extinct ndash This may affect other organisms in the food webndash Entire ecosystems could change
Effecting the Oceansbull Changing Climate Means Changing Oceans
httpwwwnprorg20110121133117332changing-climate-means-changing-oceans Science Friday Jan 2011
bull Ocean water is becoming more acidic ndash httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=lIBTuJqPHIkampfeature=player_detailpage you tube ocean acidification NBC 321ndash A change of pH causes shelled organisms to be less able to produce shell this will change food webs ndash httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=Wo-bHt1bOsw chemistry of ocean acidication 3 minutes
bull ocean circulation patterns changingbull fisheries corals plankton shellfish changing bull Sea level is rising because 1) polar ice and
glaciers are melting and 2) the water itself is expanding as it warms up
What can you do to reduce greenhouse gases
Use less coal oil and natural gas for energy bull Turn off the lights when you leave a room bull Turn off your computer and other electronic devices when
youre not using them bull Drive less Instead walk ride your bike or use public
transportation if you can bull Use less water bull Create less waste bull Recycle used paper cans bottles and other materials
The temperature on Earth has changed many times throughout itrsquos history whatrsquos the big deal
bull The temperature is changing fast
bull Human activity is causing the change
Scientists can compare the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere today with the amount of carbon dioxide trapped in ancient ice cores which show that the atmosphere had less carbon dioxide in the past Source EPAs Climate Change Indicators (2010)
How do scientists know what the level of Carbon dioxide was in the distant past
One way is analyzing ICE CORESbull Video about ice cores httpserccarletonedueslabscryosphere4bhtml 231bull httpwwwnhmacuknature-onlineenvironmental-changemeasuring-climate-changeice-cor
es ice core scientists shows how to drill ice 221
Bubbles in ice recovered by drilling from deep within the Greenland Ice Sheet These bubbles are samples of pastatmospheres
Ancient ice contains climate information1) Bubbles trap the atmosphere
when that layer of ice was formed
2) Thickness of the layers can be seen indicating each year of ice formation
Figure 67 A Greenland ice core
EA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of Global Warmingand Our Energy Future Columbia University Press Source NOAA
Figure 83 The shrinking extent of old thick sea ice in the Arctic September 1988-September 2005 The area of old thick ice has been rapidly shrinking as the resultof prolonged melting and flow of ice out of the Arctic through the Fram Strait OW =open water The palegreen line encloses theregion of 90 iceconcentration
Ice free Arctic in summer soon
httpearthobservatorynasagovFeaturesLarsenIceShelf
Scientists had been observing theLarsen B for several years assumingthat it would eventually retreat But theywere stunned to see the ice shelfdisintegrate in a mere 35 days BetweenJanuary 31 and March 7 2002 the iceshelf lost 3250 square kilometers(about 1255 square miles) 1048754 an areasomewhat larger than Rhode Island 1048754sending a plume of icebergs into theWeddell Sea
Figure 101 The fuels used to produce all energy worldwide 2005Total global consumption of fuels in 2005 amounted to 488 exajoules(1018 joules) 87 of which was generated by fossil fuelsEA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of Global Warming and Our EnergyFuture Columbia University Press Data from Energy Information Agency DOE105
Figure 108 Renewable sources of power as proportions of total USelectric net summer capacity 2006The number in () are gigawatts of electrical capacity with correspondingpercentages of total capacity Biomass includes wood and derived fuels landfillgas municipal solid waste and agricultural by-products
Figure 109 Wind farmThe Maple Ridge WindFarm on the Tug HillPlateau in NY
EA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of GlobalWarming and Our Energy Future Columbia University PressSource National Renewable Energy Laboratory DOE
Overview of climate change epa
bull httpwwwepagovclimatechangekidsindexhtml ldquoclimate change basicsrdquo
Movement of air around earth
The movement of heat is called heat transfer Describe the heat transfer between a contain of hot water and air bull Hot water transfers heat energy to air
causing the air temperature to increaseDescribe the heat transfer between a container of ice and air bull Air transfers heat energy to ice causing
the air temperature to decrease
How does air above a hot surface move bull It will rise because hot air will
become less dense then the air around it Causing low air pressure
How does air above a cold surface move bull It will sink because it will be more
dense then air around it Causing high air pressure
a) What happens when air of the same temperature and humidity collide bull The air did not move much because the
air has similar densitiesB) What happens with air with different temperature and humidity collide bull The air in the cold tube sank the air in
the hot tube rose forming moving circulating air
C) Under what conditions do winds and rotating storms form bull Winds and storms form when air of
different temperature and therefore density meet
Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air Then in the space below explain why the air moves like this
When high pressure air meets low pressure air it forms windsThe air in the
cold tube became more dense forming high air pressure and sank
The air in the hot tube became less dense forming low air pressure and rose forming moving circulating air
Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air
The air in the cold tube became _More_dense forming __High___ air pressure and moved __Down_______
The air in the hot tube became _Less___dense forming _Low____ air pressure and it moved __up_______
Draw smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air
Question Would you expect wind to be formed in the air of set up A or B Why Wind will be formed in Set up A because two air masses of different temperatureor pressure are meeting
Set up ldquoArdquo Set up ldquoBrdquo
Convection Tube Quiz name _______________________
LAND and WATER Heat and Cool at different ratesAnalyze the following incomplete graph
Where do the following labels belong soil water time temperature time when heat turned off
Question 1) define convection movement of heat through air or water Warm air rises it expands and cools Cold air moves in to replace the rising warm air The cool air will then be heated and rise too 2) When is the land warming up faster than water During the dayWhat is warm airs density _low density______
3) Describe how the color of the ground can cause local winds Dark soils heat faster then light colored soil green fields forests Air above dark colored ground will rise to be replaced by cool air from the forests or fields
4) If the earth didnrsquot rotate describe what the global wind patterns would be like The earth would have 2 giant convection currents From the cold north and south poles the air would become dense and sink moving toward the equator then heat and rising moving back to the pole 5) Since the earth does rotate causing the Coriolis Effect how many different patterns of wind convection currents are there in the northern hemisphere 3 What are they called The easterlies move from the east to the west The westerlies move from the west to the east The trade winds move from the east to the west 6) What happens where the Westerlies meet the Easterlies in North America Weather changes are common where the two air masses meet
7) Draw the earth with arrows showing the predominant winds and label their names
bull During the day the land heats faster then the water becoming warmer then the water
bull The hot air above land become less dense and rises
bull The cool air above the water will become more dense and sink
bull This pattern causes cool air from the water over to blow over the land
bull At night the land cools faster then the water the land will become colder then the water
bull This cold air above land will become more dense and sink
bull The hot air above the water will become less dense and rise
bull This pattern causes cool air from the land to blow over the water 6 minute lecture convection current sea breeze and land breeze
httpwwwbingcomvideossearchq=land+breeze+sea+breeze+videoampFORM=VIRE11view=detailampmid=D95C8834DFF47CEDDE95D95C8834DFF47CEDDE95
2 minute video high pressure low pressurehttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=ZQV72Yzmjyc
bull Warm air with low density will rise creating an area of low air pressure
bull Cold air with high density will sink creating an area of high air pressure
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- What causes the seasons Quiz
- Seasons quiz continued
- Seasons quiz continued (2)
- Seasons quiz continued (3)
- Seasons quiz continued (4)
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- What causes the seasons
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- What causes the seasons Continued
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Using the solar demonstrator
- Is there a difference between GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE and GLOBA
- Weather Vs Climate
- Weather
- Why is the Earth the temperature it is
- The Greenhouse Effect
- 2 ways human activity is adding CO2 to the atmosphere
- DEFORESTATION The importance of plants
- What will an increase in global temperature averages do MORE
- Drier conditions in the Central US
- Farming
- A More Extreme Water Cycle will effect
- What will the increase in temperature cause
- Effecting the Oceans
- What can you do to reduce greenhouse gases
- The temperature on Earth has changed many times throughout itrsquos
- How do scientists know what the level of Carbon dioxide was in
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Overview of climate change epa
- Movement of air around earth
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to (2)
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-
Effecting the Oceansbull Changing Climate Means Changing Oceans
httpwwwnprorg20110121133117332changing-climate-means-changing-oceans Science Friday Jan 2011
bull Ocean water is becoming more acidic ndash httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=lIBTuJqPHIkampfeature=player_detailpage you tube ocean acidification NBC 321ndash A change of pH causes shelled organisms to be less able to produce shell this will change food webs ndash httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=Wo-bHt1bOsw chemistry of ocean acidication 3 minutes
bull ocean circulation patterns changingbull fisheries corals plankton shellfish changing bull Sea level is rising because 1) polar ice and
glaciers are melting and 2) the water itself is expanding as it warms up
What can you do to reduce greenhouse gases
Use less coal oil and natural gas for energy bull Turn off the lights when you leave a room bull Turn off your computer and other electronic devices when
youre not using them bull Drive less Instead walk ride your bike or use public
transportation if you can bull Use less water bull Create less waste bull Recycle used paper cans bottles and other materials
The temperature on Earth has changed many times throughout itrsquos history whatrsquos the big deal
bull The temperature is changing fast
bull Human activity is causing the change
Scientists can compare the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere today with the amount of carbon dioxide trapped in ancient ice cores which show that the atmosphere had less carbon dioxide in the past Source EPAs Climate Change Indicators (2010)
How do scientists know what the level of Carbon dioxide was in the distant past
One way is analyzing ICE CORESbull Video about ice cores httpserccarletonedueslabscryosphere4bhtml 231bull httpwwwnhmacuknature-onlineenvironmental-changemeasuring-climate-changeice-cor
es ice core scientists shows how to drill ice 221
Bubbles in ice recovered by drilling from deep within the Greenland Ice Sheet These bubbles are samples of pastatmospheres
Ancient ice contains climate information1) Bubbles trap the atmosphere
when that layer of ice was formed
2) Thickness of the layers can be seen indicating each year of ice formation
Figure 67 A Greenland ice core
EA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of Global Warmingand Our Energy Future Columbia University Press Source NOAA
Figure 83 The shrinking extent of old thick sea ice in the Arctic September 1988-September 2005 The area of old thick ice has been rapidly shrinking as the resultof prolonged melting and flow of ice out of the Arctic through the Fram Strait OW =open water The palegreen line encloses theregion of 90 iceconcentration
Ice free Arctic in summer soon
httpearthobservatorynasagovFeaturesLarsenIceShelf
Scientists had been observing theLarsen B for several years assumingthat it would eventually retreat But theywere stunned to see the ice shelfdisintegrate in a mere 35 days BetweenJanuary 31 and March 7 2002 the iceshelf lost 3250 square kilometers(about 1255 square miles) 1048754 an areasomewhat larger than Rhode Island 1048754sending a plume of icebergs into theWeddell Sea
Figure 101 The fuels used to produce all energy worldwide 2005Total global consumption of fuels in 2005 amounted to 488 exajoules(1018 joules) 87 of which was generated by fossil fuelsEA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of Global Warming and Our EnergyFuture Columbia University Press Data from Energy Information Agency DOE105
Figure 108 Renewable sources of power as proportions of total USelectric net summer capacity 2006The number in () are gigawatts of electrical capacity with correspondingpercentages of total capacity Biomass includes wood and derived fuels landfillgas municipal solid waste and agricultural by-products
Figure 109 Wind farmThe Maple Ridge WindFarm on the Tug HillPlateau in NY
EA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of GlobalWarming and Our Energy Future Columbia University PressSource National Renewable Energy Laboratory DOE
Overview of climate change epa
bull httpwwwepagovclimatechangekidsindexhtml ldquoclimate change basicsrdquo
Movement of air around earth
The movement of heat is called heat transfer Describe the heat transfer between a contain of hot water and air bull Hot water transfers heat energy to air
causing the air temperature to increaseDescribe the heat transfer between a container of ice and air bull Air transfers heat energy to ice causing
the air temperature to decrease
How does air above a hot surface move bull It will rise because hot air will
become less dense then the air around it Causing low air pressure
How does air above a cold surface move bull It will sink because it will be more
dense then air around it Causing high air pressure
a) What happens when air of the same temperature and humidity collide bull The air did not move much because the
air has similar densitiesB) What happens with air with different temperature and humidity collide bull The air in the cold tube sank the air in
the hot tube rose forming moving circulating air
C) Under what conditions do winds and rotating storms form bull Winds and storms form when air of
different temperature and therefore density meet
Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air Then in the space below explain why the air moves like this
When high pressure air meets low pressure air it forms windsThe air in the
cold tube became more dense forming high air pressure and sank
The air in the hot tube became less dense forming low air pressure and rose forming moving circulating air
Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air
The air in the cold tube became _More_dense forming __High___ air pressure and moved __Down_______
The air in the hot tube became _Less___dense forming _Low____ air pressure and it moved __up_______
Draw smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air
Question Would you expect wind to be formed in the air of set up A or B Why Wind will be formed in Set up A because two air masses of different temperatureor pressure are meeting
Set up ldquoArdquo Set up ldquoBrdquo
Convection Tube Quiz name _______________________
LAND and WATER Heat and Cool at different ratesAnalyze the following incomplete graph
Where do the following labels belong soil water time temperature time when heat turned off
Question 1) define convection movement of heat through air or water Warm air rises it expands and cools Cold air moves in to replace the rising warm air The cool air will then be heated and rise too 2) When is the land warming up faster than water During the dayWhat is warm airs density _low density______
3) Describe how the color of the ground can cause local winds Dark soils heat faster then light colored soil green fields forests Air above dark colored ground will rise to be replaced by cool air from the forests or fields
4) If the earth didnrsquot rotate describe what the global wind patterns would be like The earth would have 2 giant convection currents From the cold north and south poles the air would become dense and sink moving toward the equator then heat and rising moving back to the pole 5) Since the earth does rotate causing the Coriolis Effect how many different patterns of wind convection currents are there in the northern hemisphere 3 What are they called The easterlies move from the east to the west The westerlies move from the west to the east The trade winds move from the east to the west 6) What happens where the Westerlies meet the Easterlies in North America Weather changes are common where the two air masses meet
7) Draw the earth with arrows showing the predominant winds and label their names
bull During the day the land heats faster then the water becoming warmer then the water
bull The hot air above land become less dense and rises
bull The cool air above the water will become more dense and sink
bull This pattern causes cool air from the water over to blow over the land
bull At night the land cools faster then the water the land will become colder then the water
bull This cold air above land will become more dense and sink
bull The hot air above the water will become less dense and rise
bull This pattern causes cool air from the land to blow over the water 6 minute lecture convection current sea breeze and land breeze
httpwwwbingcomvideossearchq=land+breeze+sea+breeze+videoampFORM=VIRE11view=detailampmid=D95C8834DFF47CEDDE95D95C8834DFF47CEDDE95
2 minute video high pressure low pressurehttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=ZQV72Yzmjyc
bull Warm air with low density will rise creating an area of low air pressure
bull Cold air with high density will sink creating an area of high air pressure
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- What causes the seasons Quiz
- Seasons quiz continued
- Seasons quiz continued (2)
- Seasons quiz continued (3)
- Seasons quiz continued (4)
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- What causes the seasons
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- What causes the seasons Continued
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Using the solar demonstrator
- Is there a difference between GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE and GLOBA
- Weather Vs Climate
- Weather
- Why is the Earth the temperature it is
- The Greenhouse Effect
- 2 ways human activity is adding CO2 to the atmosphere
- DEFORESTATION The importance of plants
- What will an increase in global temperature averages do MORE
- Drier conditions in the Central US
- Farming
- A More Extreme Water Cycle will effect
- What will the increase in temperature cause
- Effecting the Oceans
- What can you do to reduce greenhouse gases
- The temperature on Earth has changed many times throughout itrsquos
- How do scientists know what the level of Carbon dioxide was in
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Overview of climate change epa
- Movement of air around earth
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to (2)
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-
What can you do to reduce greenhouse gases
Use less coal oil and natural gas for energy bull Turn off the lights when you leave a room bull Turn off your computer and other electronic devices when
youre not using them bull Drive less Instead walk ride your bike or use public
transportation if you can bull Use less water bull Create less waste bull Recycle used paper cans bottles and other materials
The temperature on Earth has changed many times throughout itrsquos history whatrsquos the big deal
bull The temperature is changing fast
bull Human activity is causing the change
Scientists can compare the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere today with the amount of carbon dioxide trapped in ancient ice cores which show that the atmosphere had less carbon dioxide in the past Source EPAs Climate Change Indicators (2010)
How do scientists know what the level of Carbon dioxide was in the distant past
One way is analyzing ICE CORESbull Video about ice cores httpserccarletonedueslabscryosphere4bhtml 231bull httpwwwnhmacuknature-onlineenvironmental-changemeasuring-climate-changeice-cor
es ice core scientists shows how to drill ice 221
Bubbles in ice recovered by drilling from deep within the Greenland Ice Sheet These bubbles are samples of pastatmospheres
Ancient ice contains climate information1) Bubbles trap the atmosphere
when that layer of ice was formed
2) Thickness of the layers can be seen indicating each year of ice formation
Figure 67 A Greenland ice core
EA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of Global Warmingand Our Energy Future Columbia University Press Source NOAA
Figure 83 The shrinking extent of old thick sea ice in the Arctic September 1988-September 2005 The area of old thick ice has been rapidly shrinking as the resultof prolonged melting and flow of ice out of the Arctic through the Fram Strait OW =open water The palegreen line encloses theregion of 90 iceconcentration
Ice free Arctic in summer soon
httpearthobservatorynasagovFeaturesLarsenIceShelf
Scientists had been observing theLarsen B for several years assumingthat it would eventually retreat But theywere stunned to see the ice shelfdisintegrate in a mere 35 days BetweenJanuary 31 and March 7 2002 the iceshelf lost 3250 square kilometers(about 1255 square miles) 1048754 an areasomewhat larger than Rhode Island 1048754sending a plume of icebergs into theWeddell Sea
Figure 101 The fuels used to produce all energy worldwide 2005Total global consumption of fuels in 2005 amounted to 488 exajoules(1018 joules) 87 of which was generated by fossil fuelsEA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of Global Warming and Our EnergyFuture Columbia University Press Data from Energy Information Agency DOE105
Figure 108 Renewable sources of power as proportions of total USelectric net summer capacity 2006The number in () are gigawatts of electrical capacity with correspondingpercentages of total capacity Biomass includes wood and derived fuels landfillgas municipal solid waste and agricultural by-products
Figure 109 Wind farmThe Maple Ridge WindFarm on the Tug HillPlateau in NY
EA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of GlobalWarming and Our Energy Future Columbia University PressSource National Renewable Energy Laboratory DOE
Overview of climate change epa
bull httpwwwepagovclimatechangekidsindexhtml ldquoclimate change basicsrdquo
Movement of air around earth
The movement of heat is called heat transfer Describe the heat transfer between a contain of hot water and air bull Hot water transfers heat energy to air
causing the air temperature to increaseDescribe the heat transfer between a container of ice and air bull Air transfers heat energy to ice causing
the air temperature to decrease
How does air above a hot surface move bull It will rise because hot air will
become less dense then the air around it Causing low air pressure
How does air above a cold surface move bull It will sink because it will be more
dense then air around it Causing high air pressure
a) What happens when air of the same temperature and humidity collide bull The air did not move much because the
air has similar densitiesB) What happens with air with different temperature and humidity collide bull The air in the cold tube sank the air in
the hot tube rose forming moving circulating air
C) Under what conditions do winds and rotating storms form bull Winds and storms form when air of
different temperature and therefore density meet
Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air Then in the space below explain why the air moves like this
When high pressure air meets low pressure air it forms windsThe air in the
cold tube became more dense forming high air pressure and sank
The air in the hot tube became less dense forming low air pressure and rose forming moving circulating air
Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air
The air in the cold tube became _More_dense forming __High___ air pressure and moved __Down_______
The air in the hot tube became _Less___dense forming _Low____ air pressure and it moved __up_______
Draw smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air
Question Would you expect wind to be formed in the air of set up A or B Why Wind will be formed in Set up A because two air masses of different temperatureor pressure are meeting
Set up ldquoArdquo Set up ldquoBrdquo
Convection Tube Quiz name _______________________
LAND and WATER Heat and Cool at different ratesAnalyze the following incomplete graph
Where do the following labels belong soil water time temperature time when heat turned off
Question 1) define convection movement of heat through air or water Warm air rises it expands and cools Cold air moves in to replace the rising warm air The cool air will then be heated and rise too 2) When is the land warming up faster than water During the dayWhat is warm airs density _low density______
3) Describe how the color of the ground can cause local winds Dark soils heat faster then light colored soil green fields forests Air above dark colored ground will rise to be replaced by cool air from the forests or fields
4) If the earth didnrsquot rotate describe what the global wind patterns would be like The earth would have 2 giant convection currents From the cold north and south poles the air would become dense and sink moving toward the equator then heat and rising moving back to the pole 5) Since the earth does rotate causing the Coriolis Effect how many different patterns of wind convection currents are there in the northern hemisphere 3 What are they called The easterlies move from the east to the west The westerlies move from the west to the east The trade winds move from the east to the west 6) What happens where the Westerlies meet the Easterlies in North America Weather changes are common where the two air masses meet
7) Draw the earth with arrows showing the predominant winds and label their names
bull During the day the land heats faster then the water becoming warmer then the water
bull The hot air above land become less dense and rises
bull The cool air above the water will become more dense and sink
bull This pattern causes cool air from the water over to blow over the land
bull At night the land cools faster then the water the land will become colder then the water
bull This cold air above land will become more dense and sink
bull The hot air above the water will become less dense and rise
bull This pattern causes cool air from the land to blow over the water 6 minute lecture convection current sea breeze and land breeze
httpwwwbingcomvideossearchq=land+breeze+sea+breeze+videoampFORM=VIRE11view=detailampmid=D95C8834DFF47CEDDE95D95C8834DFF47CEDDE95
2 minute video high pressure low pressurehttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=ZQV72Yzmjyc
bull Warm air with low density will rise creating an area of low air pressure
bull Cold air with high density will sink creating an area of high air pressure
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- What causes the seasons Quiz
- Seasons quiz continued
- Seasons quiz continued (2)
- Seasons quiz continued (3)
- Seasons quiz continued (4)
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- What causes the seasons
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- What causes the seasons Continued
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Using the solar demonstrator
- Is there a difference between GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE and GLOBA
- Weather Vs Climate
- Weather
- Why is the Earth the temperature it is
- The Greenhouse Effect
- 2 ways human activity is adding CO2 to the atmosphere
- DEFORESTATION The importance of plants
- What will an increase in global temperature averages do MORE
- Drier conditions in the Central US
- Farming
- A More Extreme Water Cycle will effect
- What will the increase in temperature cause
- Effecting the Oceans
- What can you do to reduce greenhouse gases
- The temperature on Earth has changed many times throughout itrsquos
- How do scientists know what the level of Carbon dioxide was in
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Overview of climate change epa
- Movement of air around earth
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to (2)
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-
The temperature on Earth has changed many times throughout itrsquos history whatrsquos the big deal
bull The temperature is changing fast
bull Human activity is causing the change
Scientists can compare the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere today with the amount of carbon dioxide trapped in ancient ice cores which show that the atmosphere had less carbon dioxide in the past Source EPAs Climate Change Indicators (2010)
How do scientists know what the level of Carbon dioxide was in the distant past
One way is analyzing ICE CORESbull Video about ice cores httpserccarletonedueslabscryosphere4bhtml 231bull httpwwwnhmacuknature-onlineenvironmental-changemeasuring-climate-changeice-cor
es ice core scientists shows how to drill ice 221
Bubbles in ice recovered by drilling from deep within the Greenland Ice Sheet These bubbles are samples of pastatmospheres
Ancient ice contains climate information1) Bubbles trap the atmosphere
when that layer of ice was formed
2) Thickness of the layers can be seen indicating each year of ice formation
Figure 67 A Greenland ice core
EA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of Global Warmingand Our Energy Future Columbia University Press Source NOAA
Figure 83 The shrinking extent of old thick sea ice in the Arctic September 1988-September 2005 The area of old thick ice has been rapidly shrinking as the resultof prolonged melting and flow of ice out of the Arctic through the Fram Strait OW =open water The palegreen line encloses theregion of 90 iceconcentration
Ice free Arctic in summer soon
httpearthobservatorynasagovFeaturesLarsenIceShelf
Scientists had been observing theLarsen B for several years assumingthat it would eventually retreat But theywere stunned to see the ice shelfdisintegrate in a mere 35 days BetweenJanuary 31 and March 7 2002 the iceshelf lost 3250 square kilometers(about 1255 square miles) 1048754 an areasomewhat larger than Rhode Island 1048754sending a plume of icebergs into theWeddell Sea
Figure 101 The fuels used to produce all energy worldwide 2005Total global consumption of fuels in 2005 amounted to 488 exajoules(1018 joules) 87 of which was generated by fossil fuelsEA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of Global Warming and Our EnergyFuture Columbia University Press Data from Energy Information Agency DOE105
Figure 108 Renewable sources of power as proportions of total USelectric net summer capacity 2006The number in () are gigawatts of electrical capacity with correspondingpercentages of total capacity Biomass includes wood and derived fuels landfillgas municipal solid waste and agricultural by-products
Figure 109 Wind farmThe Maple Ridge WindFarm on the Tug HillPlateau in NY
EA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of GlobalWarming and Our Energy Future Columbia University PressSource National Renewable Energy Laboratory DOE
Overview of climate change epa
bull httpwwwepagovclimatechangekidsindexhtml ldquoclimate change basicsrdquo
Movement of air around earth
The movement of heat is called heat transfer Describe the heat transfer between a contain of hot water and air bull Hot water transfers heat energy to air
causing the air temperature to increaseDescribe the heat transfer between a container of ice and air bull Air transfers heat energy to ice causing
the air temperature to decrease
How does air above a hot surface move bull It will rise because hot air will
become less dense then the air around it Causing low air pressure
How does air above a cold surface move bull It will sink because it will be more
dense then air around it Causing high air pressure
a) What happens when air of the same temperature and humidity collide bull The air did not move much because the
air has similar densitiesB) What happens with air with different temperature and humidity collide bull The air in the cold tube sank the air in
the hot tube rose forming moving circulating air
C) Under what conditions do winds and rotating storms form bull Winds and storms form when air of
different temperature and therefore density meet
Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air Then in the space below explain why the air moves like this
When high pressure air meets low pressure air it forms windsThe air in the
cold tube became more dense forming high air pressure and sank
The air in the hot tube became less dense forming low air pressure and rose forming moving circulating air
Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air
The air in the cold tube became _More_dense forming __High___ air pressure and moved __Down_______
The air in the hot tube became _Less___dense forming _Low____ air pressure and it moved __up_______
Draw smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air
Question Would you expect wind to be formed in the air of set up A or B Why Wind will be formed in Set up A because two air masses of different temperatureor pressure are meeting
Set up ldquoArdquo Set up ldquoBrdquo
Convection Tube Quiz name _______________________
LAND and WATER Heat and Cool at different ratesAnalyze the following incomplete graph
Where do the following labels belong soil water time temperature time when heat turned off
Question 1) define convection movement of heat through air or water Warm air rises it expands and cools Cold air moves in to replace the rising warm air The cool air will then be heated and rise too 2) When is the land warming up faster than water During the dayWhat is warm airs density _low density______
3) Describe how the color of the ground can cause local winds Dark soils heat faster then light colored soil green fields forests Air above dark colored ground will rise to be replaced by cool air from the forests or fields
4) If the earth didnrsquot rotate describe what the global wind patterns would be like The earth would have 2 giant convection currents From the cold north and south poles the air would become dense and sink moving toward the equator then heat and rising moving back to the pole 5) Since the earth does rotate causing the Coriolis Effect how many different patterns of wind convection currents are there in the northern hemisphere 3 What are they called The easterlies move from the east to the west The westerlies move from the west to the east The trade winds move from the east to the west 6) What happens where the Westerlies meet the Easterlies in North America Weather changes are common where the two air masses meet
7) Draw the earth with arrows showing the predominant winds and label their names
bull During the day the land heats faster then the water becoming warmer then the water
bull The hot air above land become less dense and rises
bull The cool air above the water will become more dense and sink
bull This pattern causes cool air from the water over to blow over the land
bull At night the land cools faster then the water the land will become colder then the water
bull This cold air above land will become more dense and sink
bull The hot air above the water will become less dense and rise
bull This pattern causes cool air from the land to blow over the water 6 minute lecture convection current sea breeze and land breeze
httpwwwbingcomvideossearchq=land+breeze+sea+breeze+videoampFORM=VIRE11view=detailampmid=D95C8834DFF47CEDDE95D95C8834DFF47CEDDE95
2 minute video high pressure low pressurehttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=ZQV72Yzmjyc
bull Warm air with low density will rise creating an area of low air pressure
bull Cold air with high density will sink creating an area of high air pressure
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- What causes the seasons Quiz
- Seasons quiz continued
- Seasons quiz continued (2)
- Seasons quiz continued (3)
- Seasons quiz continued (4)
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- What causes the seasons
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- What causes the seasons Continued
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Using the solar demonstrator
- Is there a difference between GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE and GLOBA
- Weather Vs Climate
- Weather
- Why is the Earth the temperature it is
- The Greenhouse Effect
- 2 ways human activity is adding CO2 to the atmosphere
- DEFORESTATION The importance of plants
- What will an increase in global temperature averages do MORE
- Drier conditions in the Central US
- Farming
- A More Extreme Water Cycle will effect
- What will the increase in temperature cause
- Effecting the Oceans
- What can you do to reduce greenhouse gases
- The temperature on Earth has changed many times throughout itrsquos
- How do scientists know what the level of Carbon dioxide was in
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Overview of climate change epa
- Movement of air around earth
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to (2)
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-
How do scientists know what the level of Carbon dioxide was in the distant past
One way is analyzing ICE CORESbull Video about ice cores httpserccarletonedueslabscryosphere4bhtml 231bull httpwwwnhmacuknature-onlineenvironmental-changemeasuring-climate-changeice-cor
es ice core scientists shows how to drill ice 221
Bubbles in ice recovered by drilling from deep within the Greenland Ice Sheet These bubbles are samples of pastatmospheres
Ancient ice contains climate information1) Bubbles trap the atmosphere
when that layer of ice was formed
2) Thickness of the layers can be seen indicating each year of ice formation
Figure 67 A Greenland ice core
EA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of Global Warmingand Our Energy Future Columbia University Press Source NOAA
Figure 83 The shrinking extent of old thick sea ice in the Arctic September 1988-September 2005 The area of old thick ice has been rapidly shrinking as the resultof prolonged melting and flow of ice out of the Arctic through the Fram Strait OW =open water The palegreen line encloses theregion of 90 iceconcentration
Ice free Arctic in summer soon
httpearthobservatorynasagovFeaturesLarsenIceShelf
Scientists had been observing theLarsen B for several years assumingthat it would eventually retreat But theywere stunned to see the ice shelfdisintegrate in a mere 35 days BetweenJanuary 31 and March 7 2002 the iceshelf lost 3250 square kilometers(about 1255 square miles) 1048754 an areasomewhat larger than Rhode Island 1048754sending a plume of icebergs into theWeddell Sea
Figure 101 The fuels used to produce all energy worldwide 2005Total global consumption of fuels in 2005 amounted to 488 exajoules(1018 joules) 87 of which was generated by fossil fuelsEA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of Global Warming and Our EnergyFuture Columbia University Press Data from Energy Information Agency DOE105
Figure 108 Renewable sources of power as proportions of total USelectric net summer capacity 2006The number in () are gigawatts of electrical capacity with correspondingpercentages of total capacity Biomass includes wood and derived fuels landfillgas municipal solid waste and agricultural by-products
Figure 109 Wind farmThe Maple Ridge WindFarm on the Tug HillPlateau in NY
EA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of GlobalWarming and Our Energy Future Columbia University PressSource National Renewable Energy Laboratory DOE
Overview of climate change epa
bull httpwwwepagovclimatechangekidsindexhtml ldquoclimate change basicsrdquo
Movement of air around earth
The movement of heat is called heat transfer Describe the heat transfer between a contain of hot water and air bull Hot water transfers heat energy to air
causing the air temperature to increaseDescribe the heat transfer between a container of ice and air bull Air transfers heat energy to ice causing
the air temperature to decrease
How does air above a hot surface move bull It will rise because hot air will
become less dense then the air around it Causing low air pressure
How does air above a cold surface move bull It will sink because it will be more
dense then air around it Causing high air pressure
a) What happens when air of the same temperature and humidity collide bull The air did not move much because the
air has similar densitiesB) What happens with air with different temperature and humidity collide bull The air in the cold tube sank the air in
the hot tube rose forming moving circulating air
C) Under what conditions do winds and rotating storms form bull Winds and storms form when air of
different temperature and therefore density meet
Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air Then in the space below explain why the air moves like this
When high pressure air meets low pressure air it forms windsThe air in the
cold tube became more dense forming high air pressure and sank
The air in the hot tube became less dense forming low air pressure and rose forming moving circulating air
Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air
The air in the cold tube became _More_dense forming __High___ air pressure and moved __Down_______
The air in the hot tube became _Less___dense forming _Low____ air pressure and it moved __up_______
Draw smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air
Question Would you expect wind to be formed in the air of set up A or B Why Wind will be formed in Set up A because two air masses of different temperatureor pressure are meeting
Set up ldquoArdquo Set up ldquoBrdquo
Convection Tube Quiz name _______________________
LAND and WATER Heat and Cool at different ratesAnalyze the following incomplete graph
Where do the following labels belong soil water time temperature time when heat turned off
Question 1) define convection movement of heat through air or water Warm air rises it expands and cools Cold air moves in to replace the rising warm air The cool air will then be heated and rise too 2) When is the land warming up faster than water During the dayWhat is warm airs density _low density______
3) Describe how the color of the ground can cause local winds Dark soils heat faster then light colored soil green fields forests Air above dark colored ground will rise to be replaced by cool air from the forests or fields
4) If the earth didnrsquot rotate describe what the global wind patterns would be like The earth would have 2 giant convection currents From the cold north and south poles the air would become dense and sink moving toward the equator then heat and rising moving back to the pole 5) Since the earth does rotate causing the Coriolis Effect how many different patterns of wind convection currents are there in the northern hemisphere 3 What are they called The easterlies move from the east to the west The westerlies move from the west to the east The trade winds move from the east to the west 6) What happens where the Westerlies meet the Easterlies in North America Weather changes are common where the two air masses meet
7) Draw the earth with arrows showing the predominant winds and label their names
bull During the day the land heats faster then the water becoming warmer then the water
bull The hot air above land become less dense and rises
bull The cool air above the water will become more dense and sink
bull This pattern causes cool air from the water over to blow over the land
bull At night the land cools faster then the water the land will become colder then the water
bull This cold air above land will become more dense and sink
bull The hot air above the water will become less dense and rise
bull This pattern causes cool air from the land to blow over the water 6 minute lecture convection current sea breeze and land breeze
httpwwwbingcomvideossearchq=land+breeze+sea+breeze+videoampFORM=VIRE11view=detailampmid=D95C8834DFF47CEDDE95D95C8834DFF47CEDDE95
2 minute video high pressure low pressurehttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=ZQV72Yzmjyc
bull Warm air with low density will rise creating an area of low air pressure
bull Cold air with high density will sink creating an area of high air pressure
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- What causes the seasons Quiz
- Seasons quiz continued
- Seasons quiz continued (2)
- Seasons quiz continued (3)
- Seasons quiz continued (4)
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- What causes the seasons
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- What causes the seasons Continued
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Using the solar demonstrator
- Is there a difference between GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE and GLOBA
- Weather Vs Climate
- Weather
- Why is the Earth the temperature it is
- The Greenhouse Effect
- 2 ways human activity is adding CO2 to the atmosphere
- DEFORESTATION The importance of plants
- What will an increase in global temperature averages do MORE
- Drier conditions in the Central US
- Farming
- A More Extreme Water Cycle will effect
- What will the increase in temperature cause
- Effecting the Oceans
- What can you do to reduce greenhouse gases
- The temperature on Earth has changed many times throughout itrsquos
- How do scientists know what the level of Carbon dioxide was in
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Overview of climate change epa
- Movement of air around earth
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to (2)
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-
Bubbles in ice recovered by drilling from deep within the Greenland Ice Sheet These bubbles are samples of pastatmospheres
Ancient ice contains climate information1) Bubbles trap the atmosphere
when that layer of ice was formed
2) Thickness of the layers can be seen indicating each year of ice formation
Figure 67 A Greenland ice core
EA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of Global Warmingand Our Energy Future Columbia University Press Source NOAA
Figure 83 The shrinking extent of old thick sea ice in the Arctic September 1988-September 2005 The area of old thick ice has been rapidly shrinking as the resultof prolonged melting and flow of ice out of the Arctic through the Fram Strait OW =open water The palegreen line encloses theregion of 90 iceconcentration
Ice free Arctic in summer soon
httpearthobservatorynasagovFeaturesLarsenIceShelf
Scientists had been observing theLarsen B for several years assumingthat it would eventually retreat But theywere stunned to see the ice shelfdisintegrate in a mere 35 days BetweenJanuary 31 and March 7 2002 the iceshelf lost 3250 square kilometers(about 1255 square miles) 1048754 an areasomewhat larger than Rhode Island 1048754sending a plume of icebergs into theWeddell Sea
Figure 101 The fuels used to produce all energy worldwide 2005Total global consumption of fuels in 2005 amounted to 488 exajoules(1018 joules) 87 of which was generated by fossil fuelsEA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of Global Warming and Our EnergyFuture Columbia University Press Data from Energy Information Agency DOE105
Figure 108 Renewable sources of power as proportions of total USelectric net summer capacity 2006The number in () are gigawatts of electrical capacity with correspondingpercentages of total capacity Biomass includes wood and derived fuels landfillgas municipal solid waste and agricultural by-products
Figure 109 Wind farmThe Maple Ridge WindFarm on the Tug HillPlateau in NY
EA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of GlobalWarming and Our Energy Future Columbia University PressSource National Renewable Energy Laboratory DOE
Overview of climate change epa
bull httpwwwepagovclimatechangekidsindexhtml ldquoclimate change basicsrdquo
Movement of air around earth
The movement of heat is called heat transfer Describe the heat transfer between a contain of hot water and air bull Hot water transfers heat energy to air
causing the air temperature to increaseDescribe the heat transfer between a container of ice and air bull Air transfers heat energy to ice causing
the air temperature to decrease
How does air above a hot surface move bull It will rise because hot air will
become less dense then the air around it Causing low air pressure
How does air above a cold surface move bull It will sink because it will be more
dense then air around it Causing high air pressure
a) What happens when air of the same temperature and humidity collide bull The air did not move much because the
air has similar densitiesB) What happens with air with different temperature and humidity collide bull The air in the cold tube sank the air in
the hot tube rose forming moving circulating air
C) Under what conditions do winds and rotating storms form bull Winds and storms form when air of
different temperature and therefore density meet
Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air Then in the space below explain why the air moves like this
When high pressure air meets low pressure air it forms windsThe air in the
cold tube became more dense forming high air pressure and sank
The air in the hot tube became less dense forming low air pressure and rose forming moving circulating air
Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air
The air in the cold tube became _More_dense forming __High___ air pressure and moved __Down_______
The air in the hot tube became _Less___dense forming _Low____ air pressure and it moved __up_______
Draw smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air
Question Would you expect wind to be formed in the air of set up A or B Why Wind will be formed in Set up A because two air masses of different temperatureor pressure are meeting
Set up ldquoArdquo Set up ldquoBrdquo
Convection Tube Quiz name _______________________
LAND and WATER Heat and Cool at different ratesAnalyze the following incomplete graph
Where do the following labels belong soil water time temperature time when heat turned off
Question 1) define convection movement of heat through air or water Warm air rises it expands and cools Cold air moves in to replace the rising warm air The cool air will then be heated and rise too 2) When is the land warming up faster than water During the dayWhat is warm airs density _low density______
3) Describe how the color of the ground can cause local winds Dark soils heat faster then light colored soil green fields forests Air above dark colored ground will rise to be replaced by cool air from the forests or fields
4) If the earth didnrsquot rotate describe what the global wind patterns would be like The earth would have 2 giant convection currents From the cold north and south poles the air would become dense and sink moving toward the equator then heat and rising moving back to the pole 5) Since the earth does rotate causing the Coriolis Effect how many different patterns of wind convection currents are there in the northern hemisphere 3 What are they called The easterlies move from the east to the west The westerlies move from the west to the east The trade winds move from the east to the west 6) What happens where the Westerlies meet the Easterlies in North America Weather changes are common where the two air masses meet
7) Draw the earth with arrows showing the predominant winds and label their names
bull During the day the land heats faster then the water becoming warmer then the water
bull The hot air above land become less dense and rises
bull The cool air above the water will become more dense and sink
bull This pattern causes cool air from the water over to blow over the land
bull At night the land cools faster then the water the land will become colder then the water
bull This cold air above land will become more dense and sink
bull The hot air above the water will become less dense and rise
bull This pattern causes cool air from the land to blow over the water 6 minute lecture convection current sea breeze and land breeze
httpwwwbingcomvideossearchq=land+breeze+sea+breeze+videoampFORM=VIRE11view=detailampmid=D95C8834DFF47CEDDE95D95C8834DFF47CEDDE95
2 minute video high pressure low pressurehttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=ZQV72Yzmjyc
bull Warm air with low density will rise creating an area of low air pressure
bull Cold air with high density will sink creating an area of high air pressure
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- What causes the seasons Quiz
- Seasons quiz continued
- Seasons quiz continued (2)
- Seasons quiz continued (3)
- Seasons quiz continued (4)
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- What causes the seasons
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- What causes the seasons Continued
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Using the solar demonstrator
- Is there a difference between GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE and GLOBA
- Weather Vs Climate
- Weather
- Why is the Earth the temperature it is
- The Greenhouse Effect
- 2 ways human activity is adding CO2 to the atmosphere
- DEFORESTATION The importance of plants
- What will an increase in global temperature averages do MORE
- Drier conditions in the Central US
- Farming
- A More Extreme Water Cycle will effect
- What will the increase in temperature cause
- Effecting the Oceans
- What can you do to reduce greenhouse gases
- The temperature on Earth has changed many times throughout itrsquos
- How do scientists know what the level of Carbon dioxide was in
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Overview of climate change epa
- Movement of air around earth
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to (2)
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-
Figure 83 The shrinking extent of old thick sea ice in the Arctic September 1988-September 2005 The area of old thick ice has been rapidly shrinking as the resultof prolonged melting and flow of ice out of the Arctic through the Fram Strait OW =open water The palegreen line encloses theregion of 90 iceconcentration
Ice free Arctic in summer soon
httpearthobservatorynasagovFeaturesLarsenIceShelf
Scientists had been observing theLarsen B for several years assumingthat it would eventually retreat But theywere stunned to see the ice shelfdisintegrate in a mere 35 days BetweenJanuary 31 and March 7 2002 the iceshelf lost 3250 square kilometers(about 1255 square miles) 1048754 an areasomewhat larger than Rhode Island 1048754sending a plume of icebergs into theWeddell Sea
Figure 101 The fuels used to produce all energy worldwide 2005Total global consumption of fuels in 2005 amounted to 488 exajoules(1018 joules) 87 of which was generated by fossil fuelsEA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of Global Warming and Our EnergyFuture Columbia University Press Data from Energy Information Agency DOE105
Figure 108 Renewable sources of power as proportions of total USelectric net summer capacity 2006The number in () are gigawatts of electrical capacity with correspondingpercentages of total capacity Biomass includes wood and derived fuels landfillgas municipal solid waste and agricultural by-products
Figure 109 Wind farmThe Maple Ridge WindFarm on the Tug HillPlateau in NY
EA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of GlobalWarming and Our Energy Future Columbia University PressSource National Renewable Energy Laboratory DOE
Overview of climate change epa
bull httpwwwepagovclimatechangekidsindexhtml ldquoclimate change basicsrdquo
Movement of air around earth
The movement of heat is called heat transfer Describe the heat transfer between a contain of hot water and air bull Hot water transfers heat energy to air
causing the air temperature to increaseDescribe the heat transfer between a container of ice and air bull Air transfers heat energy to ice causing
the air temperature to decrease
How does air above a hot surface move bull It will rise because hot air will
become less dense then the air around it Causing low air pressure
How does air above a cold surface move bull It will sink because it will be more
dense then air around it Causing high air pressure
a) What happens when air of the same temperature and humidity collide bull The air did not move much because the
air has similar densitiesB) What happens with air with different temperature and humidity collide bull The air in the cold tube sank the air in
the hot tube rose forming moving circulating air
C) Under what conditions do winds and rotating storms form bull Winds and storms form when air of
different temperature and therefore density meet
Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air Then in the space below explain why the air moves like this
When high pressure air meets low pressure air it forms windsThe air in the
cold tube became more dense forming high air pressure and sank
The air in the hot tube became less dense forming low air pressure and rose forming moving circulating air
Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air
The air in the cold tube became _More_dense forming __High___ air pressure and moved __Down_______
The air in the hot tube became _Less___dense forming _Low____ air pressure and it moved __up_______
Draw smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air
Question Would you expect wind to be formed in the air of set up A or B Why Wind will be formed in Set up A because two air masses of different temperatureor pressure are meeting
Set up ldquoArdquo Set up ldquoBrdquo
Convection Tube Quiz name _______________________
LAND and WATER Heat and Cool at different ratesAnalyze the following incomplete graph
Where do the following labels belong soil water time temperature time when heat turned off
Question 1) define convection movement of heat through air or water Warm air rises it expands and cools Cold air moves in to replace the rising warm air The cool air will then be heated and rise too 2) When is the land warming up faster than water During the dayWhat is warm airs density _low density______
3) Describe how the color of the ground can cause local winds Dark soils heat faster then light colored soil green fields forests Air above dark colored ground will rise to be replaced by cool air from the forests or fields
4) If the earth didnrsquot rotate describe what the global wind patterns would be like The earth would have 2 giant convection currents From the cold north and south poles the air would become dense and sink moving toward the equator then heat and rising moving back to the pole 5) Since the earth does rotate causing the Coriolis Effect how many different patterns of wind convection currents are there in the northern hemisphere 3 What are they called The easterlies move from the east to the west The westerlies move from the west to the east The trade winds move from the east to the west 6) What happens where the Westerlies meet the Easterlies in North America Weather changes are common where the two air masses meet
7) Draw the earth with arrows showing the predominant winds and label their names
bull During the day the land heats faster then the water becoming warmer then the water
bull The hot air above land become less dense and rises
bull The cool air above the water will become more dense and sink
bull This pattern causes cool air from the water over to blow over the land
bull At night the land cools faster then the water the land will become colder then the water
bull This cold air above land will become more dense and sink
bull The hot air above the water will become less dense and rise
bull This pattern causes cool air from the land to blow over the water 6 minute lecture convection current sea breeze and land breeze
httpwwwbingcomvideossearchq=land+breeze+sea+breeze+videoampFORM=VIRE11view=detailampmid=D95C8834DFF47CEDDE95D95C8834DFF47CEDDE95
2 minute video high pressure low pressurehttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=ZQV72Yzmjyc
bull Warm air with low density will rise creating an area of low air pressure
bull Cold air with high density will sink creating an area of high air pressure
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- What causes the seasons Quiz
- Seasons quiz continued
- Seasons quiz continued (2)
- Seasons quiz continued (3)
- Seasons quiz continued (4)
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- What causes the seasons
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- What causes the seasons Continued
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Using the solar demonstrator
- Is there a difference between GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE and GLOBA
- Weather Vs Climate
- Weather
- Why is the Earth the temperature it is
- The Greenhouse Effect
- 2 ways human activity is adding CO2 to the atmosphere
- DEFORESTATION The importance of plants
- What will an increase in global temperature averages do MORE
- Drier conditions in the Central US
- Farming
- A More Extreme Water Cycle will effect
- What will the increase in temperature cause
- Effecting the Oceans
- What can you do to reduce greenhouse gases
- The temperature on Earth has changed many times throughout itrsquos
- How do scientists know what the level of Carbon dioxide was in
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Overview of climate change epa
- Movement of air around earth
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to (2)
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-
httpearthobservatorynasagovFeaturesLarsenIceShelf
Scientists had been observing theLarsen B for several years assumingthat it would eventually retreat But theywere stunned to see the ice shelfdisintegrate in a mere 35 days BetweenJanuary 31 and March 7 2002 the iceshelf lost 3250 square kilometers(about 1255 square miles) 1048754 an areasomewhat larger than Rhode Island 1048754sending a plume of icebergs into theWeddell Sea
Figure 101 The fuels used to produce all energy worldwide 2005Total global consumption of fuels in 2005 amounted to 488 exajoules(1018 joules) 87 of which was generated by fossil fuelsEA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of Global Warming and Our EnergyFuture Columbia University Press Data from Energy Information Agency DOE105
Figure 108 Renewable sources of power as proportions of total USelectric net summer capacity 2006The number in () are gigawatts of electrical capacity with correspondingpercentages of total capacity Biomass includes wood and derived fuels landfillgas municipal solid waste and agricultural by-products
Figure 109 Wind farmThe Maple Ridge WindFarm on the Tug HillPlateau in NY
EA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of GlobalWarming and Our Energy Future Columbia University PressSource National Renewable Energy Laboratory DOE
Overview of climate change epa
bull httpwwwepagovclimatechangekidsindexhtml ldquoclimate change basicsrdquo
Movement of air around earth
The movement of heat is called heat transfer Describe the heat transfer between a contain of hot water and air bull Hot water transfers heat energy to air
causing the air temperature to increaseDescribe the heat transfer between a container of ice and air bull Air transfers heat energy to ice causing
the air temperature to decrease
How does air above a hot surface move bull It will rise because hot air will
become less dense then the air around it Causing low air pressure
How does air above a cold surface move bull It will sink because it will be more
dense then air around it Causing high air pressure
a) What happens when air of the same temperature and humidity collide bull The air did not move much because the
air has similar densitiesB) What happens with air with different temperature and humidity collide bull The air in the cold tube sank the air in
the hot tube rose forming moving circulating air
C) Under what conditions do winds and rotating storms form bull Winds and storms form when air of
different temperature and therefore density meet
Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air Then in the space below explain why the air moves like this
When high pressure air meets low pressure air it forms windsThe air in the
cold tube became more dense forming high air pressure and sank
The air in the hot tube became less dense forming low air pressure and rose forming moving circulating air
Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air
The air in the cold tube became _More_dense forming __High___ air pressure and moved __Down_______
The air in the hot tube became _Less___dense forming _Low____ air pressure and it moved __up_______
Draw smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air
Question Would you expect wind to be formed in the air of set up A or B Why Wind will be formed in Set up A because two air masses of different temperatureor pressure are meeting
Set up ldquoArdquo Set up ldquoBrdquo
Convection Tube Quiz name _______________________
LAND and WATER Heat and Cool at different ratesAnalyze the following incomplete graph
Where do the following labels belong soil water time temperature time when heat turned off
Question 1) define convection movement of heat through air or water Warm air rises it expands and cools Cold air moves in to replace the rising warm air The cool air will then be heated and rise too 2) When is the land warming up faster than water During the dayWhat is warm airs density _low density______
3) Describe how the color of the ground can cause local winds Dark soils heat faster then light colored soil green fields forests Air above dark colored ground will rise to be replaced by cool air from the forests or fields
4) If the earth didnrsquot rotate describe what the global wind patterns would be like The earth would have 2 giant convection currents From the cold north and south poles the air would become dense and sink moving toward the equator then heat and rising moving back to the pole 5) Since the earth does rotate causing the Coriolis Effect how many different patterns of wind convection currents are there in the northern hemisphere 3 What are they called The easterlies move from the east to the west The westerlies move from the west to the east The trade winds move from the east to the west 6) What happens where the Westerlies meet the Easterlies in North America Weather changes are common where the two air masses meet
7) Draw the earth with arrows showing the predominant winds and label their names
bull During the day the land heats faster then the water becoming warmer then the water
bull The hot air above land become less dense and rises
bull The cool air above the water will become more dense and sink
bull This pattern causes cool air from the water over to blow over the land
bull At night the land cools faster then the water the land will become colder then the water
bull This cold air above land will become more dense and sink
bull The hot air above the water will become less dense and rise
bull This pattern causes cool air from the land to blow over the water 6 minute lecture convection current sea breeze and land breeze
httpwwwbingcomvideossearchq=land+breeze+sea+breeze+videoampFORM=VIRE11view=detailampmid=D95C8834DFF47CEDDE95D95C8834DFF47CEDDE95
2 minute video high pressure low pressurehttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=ZQV72Yzmjyc
bull Warm air with low density will rise creating an area of low air pressure
bull Cold air with high density will sink creating an area of high air pressure
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- What causes the seasons Quiz
- Seasons quiz continued
- Seasons quiz continued (2)
- Seasons quiz continued (3)
- Seasons quiz continued (4)
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- What causes the seasons
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- What causes the seasons Continued
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Using the solar demonstrator
- Is there a difference between GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE and GLOBA
- Weather Vs Climate
- Weather
- Why is the Earth the temperature it is
- The Greenhouse Effect
- 2 ways human activity is adding CO2 to the atmosphere
- DEFORESTATION The importance of plants
- What will an increase in global temperature averages do MORE
- Drier conditions in the Central US
- Farming
- A More Extreme Water Cycle will effect
- What will the increase in temperature cause
- Effecting the Oceans
- What can you do to reduce greenhouse gases
- The temperature on Earth has changed many times throughout itrsquos
- How do scientists know what the level of Carbon dioxide was in
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Overview of climate change epa
- Movement of air around earth
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to (2)
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-
Figure 101 The fuels used to produce all energy worldwide 2005Total global consumption of fuels in 2005 amounted to 488 exajoules(1018 joules) 87 of which was generated by fossil fuelsEA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of Global Warming and Our EnergyFuture Columbia University Press Data from Energy Information Agency DOE105
Figure 108 Renewable sources of power as proportions of total USelectric net summer capacity 2006The number in () are gigawatts of electrical capacity with correspondingpercentages of total capacity Biomass includes wood and derived fuels landfillgas municipal solid waste and agricultural by-products
Figure 109 Wind farmThe Maple Ridge WindFarm on the Tug HillPlateau in NY
EA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of GlobalWarming and Our Energy Future Columbia University PressSource National Renewable Energy Laboratory DOE
Overview of climate change epa
bull httpwwwepagovclimatechangekidsindexhtml ldquoclimate change basicsrdquo
Movement of air around earth
The movement of heat is called heat transfer Describe the heat transfer between a contain of hot water and air bull Hot water transfers heat energy to air
causing the air temperature to increaseDescribe the heat transfer between a container of ice and air bull Air transfers heat energy to ice causing
the air temperature to decrease
How does air above a hot surface move bull It will rise because hot air will
become less dense then the air around it Causing low air pressure
How does air above a cold surface move bull It will sink because it will be more
dense then air around it Causing high air pressure
a) What happens when air of the same temperature and humidity collide bull The air did not move much because the
air has similar densitiesB) What happens with air with different temperature and humidity collide bull The air in the cold tube sank the air in
the hot tube rose forming moving circulating air
C) Under what conditions do winds and rotating storms form bull Winds and storms form when air of
different temperature and therefore density meet
Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air Then in the space below explain why the air moves like this
When high pressure air meets low pressure air it forms windsThe air in the
cold tube became more dense forming high air pressure and sank
The air in the hot tube became less dense forming low air pressure and rose forming moving circulating air
Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air
The air in the cold tube became _More_dense forming __High___ air pressure and moved __Down_______
The air in the hot tube became _Less___dense forming _Low____ air pressure and it moved __up_______
Draw smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air
Question Would you expect wind to be formed in the air of set up A or B Why Wind will be formed in Set up A because two air masses of different temperatureor pressure are meeting
Set up ldquoArdquo Set up ldquoBrdquo
Convection Tube Quiz name _______________________
LAND and WATER Heat and Cool at different ratesAnalyze the following incomplete graph
Where do the following labels belong soil water time temperature time when heat turned off
Question 1) define convection movement of heat through air or water Warm air rises it expands and cools Cold air moves in to replace the rising warm air The cool air will then be heated and rise too 2) When is the land warming up faster than water During the dayWhat is warm airs density _low density______
3) Describe how the color of the ground can cause local winds Dark soils heat faster then light colored soil green fields forests Air above dark colored ground will rise to be replaced by cool air from the forests or fields
4) If the earth didnrsquot rotate describe what the global wind patterns would be like The earth would have 2 giant convection currents From the cold north and south poles the air would become dense and sink moving toward the equator then heat and rising moving back to the pole 5) Since the earth does rotate causing the Coriolis Effect how many different patterns of wind convection currents are there in the northern hemisphere 3 What are they called The easterlies move from the east to the west The westerlies move from the west to the east The trade winds move from the east to the west 6) What happens where the Westerlies meet the Easterlies in North America Weather changes are common where the two air masses meet
7) Draw the earth with arrows showing the predominant winds and label their names
bull During the day the land heats faster then the water becoming warmer then the water
bull The hot air above land become less dense and rises
bull The cool air above the water will become more dense and sink
bull This pattern causes cool air from the water over to blow over the land
bull At night the land cools faster then the water the land will become colder then the water
bull This cold air above land will become more dense and sink
bull The hot air above the water will become less dense and rise
bull This pattern causes cool air from the land to blow over the water 6 minute lecture convection current sea breeze and land breeze
httpwwwbingcomvideossearchq=land+breeze+sea+breeze+videoampFORM=VIRE11view=detailampmid=D95C8834DFF47CEDDE95D95C8834DFF47CEDDE95
2 minute video high pressure low pressurehttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=ZQV72Yzmjyc
bull Warm air with low density will rise creating an area of low air pressure
bull Cold air with high density will sink creating an area of high air pressure
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- What causes the seasons Quiz
- Seasons quiz continued
- Seasons quiz continued (2)
- Seasons quiz continued (3)
- Seasons quiz continued (4)
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- What causes the seasons
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- What causes the seasons Continued
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Using the solar demonstrator
- Is there a difference between GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE and GLOBA
- Weather Vs Climate
- Weather
- Why is the Earth the temperature it is
- The Greenhouse Effect
- 2 ways human activity is adding CO2 to the atmosphere
- DEFORESTATION The importance of plants
- What will an increase in global temperature averages do MORE
- Drier conditions in the Central US
- Farming
- A More Extreme Water Cycle will effect
- What will the increase in temperature cause
- Effecting the Oceans
- What can you do to reduce greenhouse gases
- The temperature on Earth has changed many times throughout itrsquos
- How do scientists know what the level of Carbon dioxide was in
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Overview of climate change epa
- Movement of air around earth
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to (2)
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-
Figure 108 Renewable sources of power as proportions of total USelectric net summer capacity 2006The number in () are gigawatts of electrical capacity with correspondingpercentages of total capacity Biomass includes wood and derived fuels landfillgas municipal solid waste and agricultural by-products
Figure 109 Wind farmThe Maple Ridge WindFarm on the Tug HillPlateau in NY
EA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of GlobalWarming and Our Energy Future Columbia University PressSource National Renewable Energy Laboratory DOE
Overview of climate change epa
bull httpwwwepagovclimatechangekidsindexhtml ldquoclimate change basicsrdquo
Movement of air around earth
The movement of heat is called heat transfer Describe the heat transfer between a contain of hot water and air bull Hot water transfers heat energy to air
causing the air temperature to increaseDescribe the heat transfer between a container of ice and air bull Air transfers heat energy to ice causing
the air temperature to decrease
How does air above a hot surface move bull It will rise because hot air will
become less dense then the air around it Causing low air pressure
How does air above a cold surface move bull It will sink because it will be more
dense then air around it Causing high air pressure
a) What happens when air of the same temperature and humidity collide bull The air did not move much because the
air has similar densitiesB) What happens with air with different temperature and humidity collide bull The air in the cold tube sank the air in
the hot tube rose forming moving circulating air
C) Under what conditions do winds and rotating storms form bull Winds and storms form when air of
different temperature and therefore density meet
Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air Then in the space below explain why the air moves like this
When high pressure air meets low pressure air it forms windsThe air in the
cold tube became more dense forming high air pressure and sank
The air in the hot tube became less dense forming low air pressure and rose forming moving circulating air
Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air
The air in the cold tube became _More_dense forming __High___ air pressure and moved __Down_______
The air in the hot tube became _Less___dense forming _Low____ air pressure and it moved __up_______
Draw smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air
Question Would you expect wind to be formed in the air of set up A or B Why Wind will be formed in Set up A because two air masses of different temperatureor pressure are meeting
Set up ldquoArdquo Set up ldquoBrdquo
Convection Tube Quiz name _______________________
LAND and WATER Heat and Cool at different ratesAnalyze the following incomplete graph
Where do the following labels belong soil water time temperature time when heat turned off
Question 1) define convection movement of heat through air or water Warm air rises it expands and cools Cold air moves in to replace the rising warm air The cool air will then be heated and rise too 2) When is the land warming up faster than water During the dayWhat is warm airs density _low density______
3) Describe how the color of the ground can cause local winds Dark soils heat faster then light colored soil green fields forests Air above dark colored ground will rise to be replaced by cool air from the forests or fields
4) If the earth didnrsquot rotate describe what the global wind patterns would be like The earth would have 2 giant convection currents From the cold north and south poles the air would become dense and sink moving toward the equator then heat and rising moving back to the pole 5) Since the earth does rotate causing the Coriolis Effect how many different patterns of wind convection currents are there in the northern hemisphere 3 What are they called The easterlies move from the east to the west The westerlies move from the west to the east The trade winds move from the east to the west 6) What happens where the Westerlies meet the Easterlies in North America Weather changes are common where the two air masses meet
7) Draw the earth with arrows showing the predominant winds and label their names
bull During the day the land heats faster then the water becoming warmer then the water
bull The hot air above land become less dense and rises
bull The cool air above the water will become more dense and sink
bull This pattern causes cool air from the water over to blow over the land
bull At night the land cools faster then the water the land will become colder then the water
bull This cold air above land will become more dense and sink
bull The hot air above the water will become less dense and rise
bull This pattern causes cool air from the land to blow over the water 6 minute lecture convection current sea breeze and land breeze
httpwwwbingcomvideossearchq=land+breeze+sea+breeze+videoampFORM=VIRE11view=detailampmid=D95C8834DFF47CEDDE95D95C8834DFF47CEDDE95
2 minute video high pressure low pressurehttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=ZQV72Yzmjyc
bull Warm air with low density will rise creating an area of low air pressure
bull Cold air with high density will sink creating an area of high air pressure
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- What causes the seasons Quiz
- Seasons quiz continued
- Seasons quiz continued (2)
- Seasons quiz continued (3)
- Seasons quiz continued (4)
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- What causes the seasons
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- What causes the seasons Continued
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Using the solar demonstrator
- Is there a difference between GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE and GLOBA
- Weather Vs Climate
- Weather
- Why is the Earth the temperature it is
- The Greenhouse Effect
- 2 ways human activity is adding CO2 to the atmosphere
- DEFORESTATION The importance of plants
- What will an increase in global temperature averages do MORE
- Drier conditions in the Central US
- Farming
- A More Extreme Water Cycle will effect
- What will the increase in temperature cause
- Effecting the Oceans
- What can you do to reduce greenhouse gases
- The temperature on Earth has changed many times throughout itrsquos
- How do scientists know what the level of Carbon dioxide was in
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Overview of climate change epa
- Movement of air around earth
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to (2)
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-
Figure 109 Wind farmThe Maple Ridge WindFarm on the Tug HillPlateau in NY
EA Mathez 2009 Climate Change The Science of GlobalWarming and Our Energy Future Columbia University PressSource National Renewable Energy Laboratory DOE
Overview of climate change epa
bull httpwwwepagovclimatechangekidsindexhtml ldquoclimate change basicsrdquo
Movement of air around earth
The movement of heat is called heat transfer Describe the heat transfer between a contain of hot water and air bull Hot water transfers heat energy to air
causing the air temperature to increaseDescribe the heat transfer between a container of ice and air bull Air transfers heat energy to ice causing
the air temperature to decrease
How does air above a hot surface move bull It will rise because hot air will
become less dense then the air around it Causing low air pressure
How does air above a cold surface move bull It will sink because it will be more
dense then air around it Causing high air pressure
a) What happens when air of the same temperature and humidity collide bull The air did not move much because the
air has similar densitiesB) What happens with air with different temperature and humidity collide bull The air in the cold tube sank the air in
the hot tube rose forming moving circulating air
C) Under what conditions do winds and rotating storms form bull Winds and storms form when air of
different temperature and therefore density meet
Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air Then in the space below explain why the air moves like this
When high pressure air meets low pressure air it forms windsThe air in the
cold tube became more dense forming high air pressure and sank
The air in the hot tube became less dense forming low air pressure and rose forming moving circulating air
Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air
The air in the cold tube became _More_dense forming __High___ air pressure and moved __Down_______
The air in the hot tube became _Less___dense forming _Low____ air pressure and it moved __up_______
Draw smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air
Question Would you expect wind to be formed in the air of set up A or B Why Wind will be formed in Set up A because two air masses of different temperatureor pressure are meeting
Set up ldquoArdquo Set up ldquoBrdquo
Convection Tube Quiz name _______________________
LAND and WATER Heat and Cool at different ratesAnalyze the following incomplete graph
Where do the following labels belong soil water time temperature time when heat turned off
Question 1) define convection movement of heat through air or water Warm air rises it expands and cools Cold air moves in to replace the rising warm air The cool air will then be heated and rise too 2) When is the land warming up faster than water During the dayWhat is warm airs density _low density______
3) Describe how the color of the ground can cause local winds Dark soils heat faster then light colored soil green fields forests Air above dark colored ground will rise to be replaced by cool air from the forests or fields
4) If the earth didnrsquot rotate describe what the global wind patterns would be like The earth would have 2 giant convection currents From the cold north and south poles the air would become dense and sink moving toward the equator then heat and rising moving back to the pole 5) Since the earth does rotate causing the Coriolis Effect how many different patterns of wind convection currents are there in the northern hemisphere 3 What are they called The easterlies move from the east to the west The westerlies move from the west to the east The trade winds move from the east to the west 6) What happens where the Westerlies meet the Easterlies in North America Weather changes are common where the two air masses meet
7) Draw the earth with arrows showing the predominant winds and label their names
bull During the day the land heats faster then the water becoming warmer then the water
bull The hot air above land become less dense and rises
bull The cool air above the water will become more dense and sink
bull This pattern causes cool air from the water over to blow over the land
bull At night the land cools faster then the water the land will become colder then the water
bull This cold air above land will become more dense and sink
bull The hot air above the water will become less dense and rise
bull This pattern causes cool air from the land to blow over the water 6 minute lecture convection current sea breeze and land breeze
httpwwwbingcomvideossearchq=land+breeze+sea+breeze+videoampFORM=VIRE11view=detailampmid=D95C8834DFF47CEDDE95D95C8834DFF47CEDDE95
2 minute video high pressure low pressurehttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=ZQV72Yzmjyc
bull Warm air with low density will rise creating an area of low air pressure
bull Cold air with high density will sink creating an area of high air pressure
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- What causes the seasons Quiz
- Seasons quiz continued
- Seasons quiz continued (2)
- Seasons quiz continued (3)
- Seasons quiz continued (4)
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- What causes the seasons
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- What causes the seasons Continued
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Using the solar demonstrator
- Is there a difference between GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE and GLOBA
- Weather Vs Climate
- Weather
- Why is the Earth the temperature it is
- The Greenhouse Effect
- 2 ways human activity is adding CO2 to the atmosphere
- DEFORESTATION The importance of plants
- What will an increase in global temperature averages do MORE
- Drier conditions in the Central US
- Farming
- A More Extreme Water Cycle will effect
- What will the increase in temperature cause
- Effecting the Oceans
- What can you do to reduce greenhouse gases
- The temperature on Earth has changed many times throughout itrsquos
- How do scientists know what the level of Carbon dioxide was in
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Overview of climate change epa
- Movement of air around earth
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to (2)
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-
Overview of climate change epa
bull httpwwwepagovclimatechangekidsindexhtml ldquoclimate change basicsrdquo
Movement of air around earth
The movement of heat is called heat transfer Describe the heat transfer between a contain of hot water and air bull Hot water transfers heat energy to air
causing the air temperature to increaseDescribe the heat transfer between a container of ice and air bull Air transfers heat energy to ice causing
the air temperature to decrease
How does air above a hot surface move bull It will rise because hot air will
become less dense then the air around it Causing low air pressure
How does air above a cold surface move bull It will sink because it will be more
dense then air around it Causing high air pressure
a) What happens when air of the same temperature and humidity collide bull The air did not move much because the
air has similar densitiesB) What happens with air with different temperature and humidity collide bull The air in the cold tube sank the air in
the hot tube rose forming moving circulating air
C) Under what conditions do winds and rotating storms form bull Winds and storms form when air of
different temperature and therefore density meet
Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air Then in the space below explain why the air moves like this
When high pressure air meets low pressure air it forms windsThe air in the
cold tube became more dense forming high air pressure and sank
The air in the hot tube became less dense forming low air pressure and rose forming moving circulating air
Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air
The air in the cold tube became _More_dense forming __High___ air pressure and moved __Down_______
The air in the hot tube became _Less___dense forming _Low____ air pressure and it moved __up_______
Draw smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air
Question Would you expect wind to be formed in the air of set up A or B Why Wind will be formed in Set up A because two air masses of different temperatureor pressure are meeting
Set up ldquoArdquo Set up ldquoBrdquo
Convection Tube Quiz name _______________________
LAND and WATER Heat and Cool at different ratesAnalyze the following incomplete graph
Where do the following labels belong soil water time temperature time when heat turned off
Question 1) define convection movement of heat through air or water Warm air rises it expands and cools Cold air moves in to replace the rising warm air The cool air will then be heated and rise too 2) When is the land warming up faster than water During the dayWhat is warm airs density _low density______
3) Describe how the color of the ground can cause local winds Dark soils heat faster then light colored soil green fields forests Air above dark colored ground will rise to be replaced by cool air from the forests or fields
4) If the earth didnrsquot rotate describe what the global wind patterns would be like The earth would have 2 giant convection currents From the cold north and south poles the air would become dense and sink moving toward the equator then heat and rising moving back to the pole 5) Since the earth does rotate causing the Coriolis Effect how many different patterns of wind convection currents are there in the northern hemisphere 3 What are they called The easterlies move from the east to the west The westerlies move from the west to the east The trade winds move from the east to the west 6) What happens where the Westerlies meet the Easterlies in North America Weather changes are common where the two air masses meet
7) Draw the earth with arrows showing the predominant winds and label their names
bull During the day the land heats faster then the water becoming warmer then the water
bull The hot air above land become less dense and rises
bull The cool air above the water will become more dense and sink
bull This pattern causes cool air from the water over to blow over the land
bull At night the land cools faster then the water the land will become colder then the water
bull This cold air above land will become more dense and sink
bull The hot air above the water will become less dense and rise
bull This pattern causes cool air from the land to blow over the water 6 minute lecture convection current sea breeze and land breeze
httpwwwbingcomvideossearchq=land+breeze+sea+breeze+videoampFORM=VIRE11view=detailampmid=D95C8834DFF47CEDDE95D95C8834DFF47CEDDE95
2 minute video high pressure low pressurehttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=ZQV72Yzmjyc
bull Warm air with low density will rise creating an area of low air pressure
bull Cold air with high density will sink creating an area of high air pressure
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- What causes the seasons Quiz
- Seasons quiz continued
- Seasons quiz continued (2)
- Seasons quiz continued (3)
- Seasons quiz continued (4)
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- What causes the seasons
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- What causes the seasons Continued
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Using the solar demonstrator
- Is there a difference between GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE and GLOBA
- Weather Vs Climate
- Weather
- Why is the Earth the temperature it is
- The Greenhouse Effect
- 2 ways human activity is adding CO2 to the atmosphere
- DEFORESTATION The importance of plants
- What will an increase in global temperature averages do MORE
- Drier conditions in the Central US
- Farming
- A More Extreme Water Cycle will effect
- What will the increase in temperature cause
- Effecting the Oceans
- What can you do to reduce greenhouse gases
- The temperature on Earth has changed many times throughout itrsquos
- How do scientists know what the level of Carbon dioxide was in
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Overview of climate change epa
- Movement of air around earth
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to (2)
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-
Movement of air around earth
The movement of heat is called heat transfer Describe the heat transfer between a contain of hot water and air bull Hot water transfers heat energy to air
causing the air temperature to increaseDescribe the heat transfer between a container of ice and air bull Air transfers heat energy to ice causing
the air temperature to decrease
How does air above a hot surface move bull It will rise because hot air will
become less dense then the air around it Causing low air pressure
How does air above a cold surface move bull It will sink because it will be more
dense then air around it Causing high air pressure
a) What happens when air of the same temperature and humidity collide bull The air did not move much because the
air has similar densitiesB) What happens with air with different temperature and humidity collide bull The air in the cold tube sank the air in
the hot tube rose forming moving circulating air
C) Under what conditions do winds and rotating storms form bull Winds and storms form when air of
different temperature and therefore density meet
Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air Then in the space below explain why the air moves like this
When high pressure air meets low pressure air it forms windsThe air in the
cold tube became more dense forming high air pressure and sank
The air in the hot tube became less dense forming low air pressure and rose forming moving circulating air
Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air
The air in the cold tube became _More_dense forming __High___ air pressure and moved __Down_______
The air in the hot tube became _Less___dense forming _Low____ air pressure and it moved __up_______
Draw smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air
Question Would you expect wind to be formed in the air of set up A or B Why Wind will be formed in Set up A because two air masses of different temperatureor pressure are meeting
Set up ldquoArdquo Set up ldquoBrdquo
Convection Tube Quiz name _______________________
LAND and WATER Heat and Cool at different ratesAnalyze the following incomplete graph
Where do the following labels belong soil water time temperature time when heat turned off
Question 1) define convection movement of heat through air or water Warm air rises it expands and cools Cold air moves in to replace the rising warm air The cool air will then be heated and rise too 2) When is the land warming up faster than water During the dayWhat is warm airs density _low density______
3) Describe how the color of the ground can cause local winds Dark soils heat faster then light colored soil green fields forests Air above dark colored ground will rise to be replaced by cool air from the forests or fields
4) If the earth didnrsquot rotate describe what the global wind patterns would be like The earth would have 2 giant convection currents From the cold north and south poles the air would become dense and sink moving toward the equator then heat and rising moving back to the pole 5) Since the earth does rotate causing the Coriolis Effect how many different patterns of wind convection currents are there in the northern hemisphere 3 What are they called The easterlies move from the east to the west The westerlies move from the west to the east The trade winds move from the east to the west 6) What happens where the Westerlies meet the Easterlies in North America Weather changes are common where the two air masses meet
7) Draw the earth with arrows showing the predominant winds and label their names
bull During the day the land heats faster then the water becoming warmer then the water
bull The hot air above land become less dense and rises
bull The cool air above the water will become more dense and sink
bull This pattern causes cool air from the water over to blow over the land
bull At night the land cools faster then the water the land will become colder then the water
bull This cold air above land will become more dense and sink
bull The hot air above the water will become less dense and rise
bull This pattern causes cool air from the land to blow over the water 6 minute lecture convection current sea breeze and land breeze
httpwwwbingcomvideossearchq=land+breeze+sea+breeze+videoampFORM=VIRE11view=detailampmid=D95C8834DFF47CEDDE95D95C8834DFF47CEDDE95
2 minute video high pressure low pressurehttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=ZQV72Yzmjyc
bull Warm air with low density will rise creating an area of low air pressure
bull Cold air with high density will sink creating an area of high air pressure
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- What causes the seasons Quiz
- Seasons quiz continued
- Seasons quiz continued (2)
- Seasons quiz continued (3)
- Seasons quiz continued (4)
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- What causes the seasons
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- What causes the seasons Continued
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Using the solar demonstrator
- Is there a difference between GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE and GLOBA
- Weather Vs Climate
- Weather
- Why is the Earth the temperature it is
- The Greenhouse Effect
- 2 ways human activity is adding CO2 to the atmosphere
- DEFORESTATION The importance of plants
- What will an increase in global temperature averages do MORE
- Drier conditions in the Central US
- Farming
- A More Extreme Water Cycle will effect
- What will the increase in temperature cause
- Effecting the Oceans
- What can you do to reduce greenhouse gases
- The temperature on Earth has changed many times throughout itrsquos
- How do scientists know what the level of Carbon dioxide was in
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Overview of climate change epa
- Movement of air around earth
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to (2)
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-
How does air above a hot surface move bull It will rise because hot air will
become less dense then the air around it Causing low air pressure
How does air above a cold surface move bull It will sink because it will be more
dense then air around it Causing high air pressure
a) What happens when air of the same temperature and humidity collide bull The air did not move much because the
air has similar densitiesB) What happens with air with different temperature and humidity collide bull The air in the cold tube sank the air in
the hot tube rose forming moving circulating air
C) Under what conditions do winds and rotating storms form bull Winds and storms form when air of
different temperature and therefore density meet
Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air Then in the space below explain why the air moves like this
When high pressure air meets low pressure air it forms windsThe air in the
cold tube became more dense forming high air pressure and sank
The air in the hot tube became less dense forming low air pressure and rose forming moving circulating air
Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air
The air in the cold tube became _More_dense forming __High___ air pressure and moved __Down_______
The air in the hot tube became _Less___dense forming _Low____ air pressure and it moved __up_______
Draw smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air
Question Would you expect wind to be formed in the air of set up A or B Why Wind will be formed in Set up A because two air masses of different temperatureor pressure are meeting
Set up ldquoArdquo Set up ldquoBrdquo
Convection Tube Quiz name _______________________
LAND and WATER Heat and Cool at different ratesAnalyze the following incomplete graph
Where do the following labels belong soil water time temperature time when heat turned off
Question 1) define convection movement of heat through air or water Warm air rises it expands and cools Cold air moves in to replace the rising warm air The cool air will then be heated and rise too 2) When is the land warming up faster than water During the dayWhat is warm airs density _low density______
3) Describe how the color of the ground can cause local winds Dark soils heat faster then light colored soil green fields forests Air above dark colored ground will rise to be replaced by cool air from the forests or fields
4) If the earth didnrsquot rotate describe what the global wind patterns would be like The earth would have 2 giant convection currents From the cold north and south poles the air would become dense and sink moving toward the equator then heat and rising moving back to the pole 5) Since the earth does rotate causing the Coriolis Effect how many different patterns of wind convection currents are there in the northern hemisphere 3 What are they called The easterlies move from the east to the west The westerlies move from the west to the east The trade winds move from the east to the west 6) What happens where the Westerlies meet the Easterlies in North America Weather changes are common where the two air masses meet
7) Draw the earth with arrows showing the predominant winds and label their names
bull During the day the land heats faster then the water becoming warmer then the water
bull The hot air above land become less dense and rises
bull The cool air above the water will become more dense and sink
bull This pattern causes cool air from the water over to blow over the land
bull At night the land cools faster then the water the land will become colder then the water
bull This cold air above land will become more dense and sink
bull The hot air above the water will become less dense and rise
bull This pattern causes cool air from the land to blow over the water 6 minute lecture convection current sea breeze and land breeze
httpwwwbingcomvideossearchq=land+breeze+sea+breeze+videoampFORM=VIRE11view=detailampmid=D95C8834DFF47CEDDE95D95C8834DFF47CEDDE95
2 minute video high pressure low pressurehttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=ZQV72Yzmjyc
bull Warm air with low density will rise creating an area of low air pressure
bull Cold air with high density will sink creating an area of high air pressure
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- What causes the seasons Quiz
- Seasons quiz continued
- Seasons quiz continued (2)
- Seasons quiz continued (3)
- Seasons quiz continued (4)
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- What causes the seasons
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- What causes the seasons Continued
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Using the solar demonstrator
- Is there a difference between GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE and GLOBA
- Weather Vs Climate
- Weather
- Why is the Earth the temperature it is
- The Greenhouse Effect
- 2 ways human activity is adding CO2 to the atmosphere
- DEFORESTATION The importance of plants
- What will an increase in global temperature averages do MORE
- Drier conditions in the Central US
- Farming
- A More Extreme Water Cycle will effect
- What will the increase in temperature cause
- Effecting the Oceans
- What can you do to reduce greenhouse gases
- The temperature on Earth has changed many times throughout itrsquos
- How do scientists know what the level of Carbon dioxide was in
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Overview of climate change epa
- Movement of air around earth
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to (2)
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-
a) What happens when air of the same temperature and humidity collide bull The air did not move much because the
air has similar densitiesB) What happens with air with different temperature and humidity collide bull The air in the cold tube sank the air in
the hot tube rose forming moving circulating air
C) Under what conditions do winds and rotating storms form bull Winds and storms form when air of
different temperature and therefore density meet
Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air Then in the space below explain why the air moves like this
When high pressure air meets low pressure air it forms windsThe air in the
cold tube became more dense forming high air pressure and sank
The air in the hot tube became less dense forming low air pressure and rose forming moving circulating air
Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air
The air in the cold tube became _More_dense forming __High___ air pressure and moved __Down_______
The air in the hot tube became _Less___dense forming _Low____ air pressure and it moved __up_______
Draw smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air
Question Would you expect wind to be formed in the air of set up A or B Why Wind will be formed in Set up A because two air masses of different temperatureor pressure are meeting
Set up ldquoArdquo Set up ldquoBrdquo
Convection Tube Quiz name _______________________
LAND and WATER Heat and Cool at different ratesAnalyze the following incomplete graph
Where do the following labels belong soil water time temperature time when heat turned off
Question 1) define convection movement of heat through air or water Warm air rises it expands and cools Cold air moves in to replace the rising warm air The cool air will then be heated and rise too 2) When is the land warming up faster than water During the dayWhat is warm airs density _low density______
3) Describe how the color of the ground can cause local winds Dark soils heat faster then light colored soil green fields forests Air above dark colored ground will rise to be replaced by cool air from the forests or fields
4) If the earth didnrsquot rotate describe what the global wind patterns would be like The earth would have 2 giant convection currents From the cold north and south poles the air would become dense and sink moving toward the equator then heat and rising moving back to the pole 5) Since the earth does rotate causing the Coriolis Effect how many different patterns of wind convection currents are there in the northern hemisphere 3 What are they called The easterlies move from the east to the west The westerlies move from the west to the east The trade winds move from the east to the west 6) What happens where the Westerlies meet the Easterlies in North America Weather changes are common where the two air masses meet
7) Draw the earth with arrows showing the predominant winds and label their names
bull During the day the land heats faster then the water becoming warmer then the water
bull The hot air above land become less dense and rises
bull The cool air above the water will become more dense and sink
bull This pattern causes cool air from the water over to blow over the land
bull At night the land cools faster then the water the land will become colder then the water
bull This cold air above land will become more dense and sink
bull The hot air above the water will become less dense and rise
bull This pattern causes cool air from the land to blow over the water 6 minute lecture convection current sea breeze and land breeze
httpwwwbingcomvideossearchq=land+breeze+sea+breeze+videoampFORM=VIRE11view=detailampmid=D95C8834DFF47CEDDE95D95C8834DFF47CEDDE95
2 minute video high pressure low pressurehttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=ZQV72Yzmjyc
bull Warm air with low density will rise creating an area of low air pressure
bull Cold air with high density will sink creating an area of high air pressure
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- What causes the seasons Quiz
- Seasons quiz continued
- Seasons quiz continued (2)
- Seasons quiz continued (3)
- Seasons quiz continued (4)
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- What causes the seasons
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- What causes the seasons Continued
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Using the solar demonstrator
- Is there a difference between GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE and GLOBA
- Weather Vs Climate
- Weather
- Why is the Earth the temperature it is
- The Greenhouse Effect
- 2 ways human activity is adding CO2 to the atmosphere
- DEFORESTATION The importance of plants
- What will an increase in global temperature averages do MORE
- Drier conditions in the Central US
- Farming
- A More Extreme Water Cycle will effect
- What will the increase in temperature cause
- Effecting the Oceans
- What can you do to reduce greenhouse gases
- The temperature on Earth has changed many times throughout itrsquos
- How do scientists know what the level of Carbon dioxide was in
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Overview of climate change epa
- Movement of air around earth
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to (2)
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-
Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air Then in the space below explain why the air moves like this
When high pressure air meets low pressure air it forms windsThe air in the
cold tube became more dense forming high air pressure and sank
The air in the hot tube became less dense forming low air pressure and rose forming moving circulating air
Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air
The air in the cold tube became _More_dense forming __High___ air pressure and moved __Down_______
The air in the hot tube became _Less___dense forming _Low____ air pressure and it moved __up_______
Draw smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air
Question Would you expect wind to be formed in the air of set up A or B Why Wind will be formed in Set up A because two air masses of different temperatureor pressure are meeting
Set up ldquoArdquo Set up ldquoBrdquo
Convection Tube Quiz name _______________________
LAND and WATER Heat and Cool at different ratesAnalyze the following incomplete graph
Where do the following labels belong soil water time temperature time when heat turned off
Question 1) define convection movement of heat through air or water Warm air rises it expands and cools Cold air moves in to replace the rising warm air The cool air will then be heated and rise too 2) When is the land warming up faster than water During the dayWhat is warm airs density _low density______
3) Describe how the color of the ground can cause local winds Dark soils heat faster then light colored soil green fields forests Air above dark colored ground will rise to be replaced by cool air from the forests or fields
4) If the earth didnrsquot rotate describe what the global wind patterns would be like The earth would have 2 giant convection currents From the cold north and south poles the air would become dense and sink moving toward the equator then heat and rising moving back to the pole 5) Since the earth does rotate causing the Coriolis Effect how many different patterns of wind convection currents are there in the northern hemisphere 3 What are they called The easterlies move from the east to the west The westerlies move from the west to the east The trade winds move from the east to the west 6) What happens where the Westerlies meet the Easterlies in North America Weather changes are common where the two air masses meet
7) Draw the earth with arrows showing the predominant winds and label their names
bull During the day the land heats faster then the water becoming warmer then the water
bull The hot air above land become less dense and rises
bull The cool air above the water will become more dense and sink
bull This pattern causes cool air from the water over to blow over the land
bull At night the land cools faster then the water the land will become colder then the water
bull This cold air above land will become more dense and sink
bull The hot air above the water will become less dense and rise
bull This pattern causes cool air from the land to blow over the water 6 minute lecture convection current sea breeze and land breeze
httpwwwbingcomvideossearchq=land+breeze+sea+breeze+videoampFORM=VIRE11view=detailampmid=D95C8834DFF47CEDDE95D95C8834DFF47CEDDE95
2 minute video high pressure low pressurehttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=ZQV72Yzmjyc
bull Warm air with low density will rise creating an area of low air pressure
bull Cold air with high density will sink creating an area of high air pressure
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- What causes the seasons Quiz
- Seasons quiz continued
- Seasons quiz continued (2)
- Seasons quiz continued (3)
- Seasons quiz continued (4)
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- What causes the seasons
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- What causes the seasons Continued
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Using the solar demonstrator
- Is there a difference between GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE and GLOBA
- Weather Vs Climate
- Weather
- Why is the Earth the temperature it is
- The Greenhouse Effect
- 2 ways human activity is adding CO2 to the atmosphere
- DEFORESTATION The importance of plants
- What will an increase in global temperature averages do MORE
- Drier conditions in the Central US
- Farming
- A More Extreme Water Cycle will effect
- What will the increase in temperature cause
- Effecting the Oceans
- What can you do to reduce greenhouse gases
- The temperature on Earth has changed many times throughout itrsquos
- How do scientists know what the level of Carbon dioxide was in
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Overview of climate change epa
- Movement of air around earth
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to (2)
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-
Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air
The air in the cold tube became _More_dense forming __High___ air pressure and moved __Down_______
The air in the hot tube became _Less___dense forming _Low____ air pressure and it moved __up_______
Draw smoke and arrows on the convection tube to show the movement of air
Question Would you expect wind to be formed in the air of set up A or B Why Wind will be formed in Set up A because two air masses of different temperatureor pressure are meeting
Set up ldquoArdquo Set up ldquoBrdquo
Convection Tube Quiz name _______________________
LAND and WATER Heat and Cool at different ratesAnalyze the following incomplete graph
Where do the following labels belong soil water time temperature time when heat turned off
Question 1) define convection movement of heat through air or water Warm air rises it expands and cools Cold air moves in to replace the rising warm air The cool air will then be heated and rise too 2) When is the land warming up faster than water During the dayWhat is warm airs density _low density______
3) Describe how the color of the ground can cause local winds Dark soils heat faster then light colored soil green fields forests Air above dark colored ground will rise to be replaced by cool air from the forests or fields
4) If the earth didnrsquot rotate describe what the global wind patterns would be like The earth would have 2 giant convection currents From the cold north and south poles the air would become dense and sink moving toward the equator then heat and rising moving back to the pole 5) Since the earth does rotate causing the Coriolis Effect how many different patterns of wind convection currents are there in the northern hemisphere 3 What are they called The easterlies move from the east to the west The westerlies move from the west to the east The trade winds move from the east to the west 6) What happens where the Westerlies meet the Easterlies in North America Weather changes are common where the two air masses meet
7) Draw the earth with arrows showing the predominant winds and label their names
bull During the day the land heats faster then the water becoming warmer then the water
bull The hot air above land become less dense and rises
bull The cool air above the water will become more dense and sink
bull This pattern causes cool air from the water over to blow over the land
bull At night the land cools faster then the water the land will become colder then the water
bull This cold air above land will become more dense and sink
bull The hot air above the water will become less dense and rise
bull This pattern causes cool air from the land to blow over the water 6 minute lecture convection current sea breeze and land breeze
httpwwwbingcomvideossearchq=land+breeze+sea+breeze+videoampFORM=VIRE11view=detailampmid=D95C8834DFF47CEDDE95D95C8834DFF47CEDDE95
2 minute video high pressure low pressurehttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=ZQV72Yzmjyc
bull Warm air with low density will rise creating an area of low air pressure
bull Cold air with high density will sink creating an area of high air pressure
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- What causes the seasons Quiz
- Seasons quiz continued
- Seasons quiz continued (2)
- Seasons quiz continued (3)
- Seasons quiz continued (4)
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- What causes the seasons
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- What causes the seasons Continued
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Using the solar demonstrator
- Is there a difference between GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE and GLOBA
- Weather Vs Climate
- Weather
- Why is the Earth the temperature it is
- The Greenhouse Effect
- 2 ways human activity is adding CO2 to the atmosphere
- DEFORESTATION The importance of plants
- What will an increase in global temperature averages do MORE
- Drier conditions in the Central US
- Farming
- A More Extreme Water Cycle will effect
- What will the increase in temperature cause
- Effecting the Oceans
- What can you do to reduce greenhouse gases
- The temperature on Earth has changed many times throughout itrsquos
- How do scientists know what the level of Carbon dioxide was in
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Overview of climate change epa
- Movement of air around earth
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to (2)
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-
LAND and WATER Heat and Cool at different ratesAnalyze the following incomplete graph
Where do the following labels belong soil water time temperature time when heat turned off
Question 1) define convection movement of heat through air or water Warm air rises it expands and cools Cold air moves in to replace the rising warm air The cool air will then be heated and rise too 2) When is the land warming up faster than water During the dayWhat is warm airs density _low density______
3) Describe how the color of the ground can cause local winds Dark soils heat faster then light colored soil green fields forests Air above dark colored ground will rise to be replaced by cool air from the forests or fields
4) If the earth didnrsquot rotate describe what the global wind patterns would be like The earth would have 2 giant convection currents From the cold north and south poles the air would become dense and sink moving toward the equator then heat and rising moving back to the pole 5) Since the earth does rotate causing the Coriolis Effect how many different patterns of wind convection currents are there in the northern hemisphere 3 What are they called The easterlies move from the east to the west The westerlies move from the west to the east The trade winds move from the east to the west 6) What happens where the Westerlies meet the Easterlies in North America Weather changes are common where the two air masses meet
7) Draw the earth with arrows showing the predominant winds and label their names
bull During the day the land heats faster then the water becoming warmer then the water
bull The hot air above land become less dense and rises
bull The cool air above the water will become more dense and sink
bull This pattern causes cool air from the water over to blow over the land
bull At night the land cools faster then the water the land will become colder then the water
bull This cold air above land will become more dense and sink
bull The hot air above the water will become less dense and rise
bull This pattern causes cool air from the land to blow over the water 6 minute lecture convection current sea breeze and land breeze
httpwwwbingcomvideossearchq=land+breeze+sea+breeze+videoampFORM=VIRE11view=detailampmid=D95C8834DFF47CEDDE95D95C8834DFF47CEDDE95
2 minute video high pressure low pressurehttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=ZQV72Yzmjyc
bull Warm air with low density will rise creating an area of low air pressure
bull Cold air with high density will sink creating an area of high air pressure
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- What causes the seasons Quiz
- Seasons quiz continued
- Seasons quiz continued (2)
- Seasons quiz continued (3)
- Seasons quiz continued (4)
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- What causes the seasons
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- What causes the seasons Continued
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Using the solar demonstrator
- Is there a difference between GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE and GLOBA
- Weather Vs Climate
- Weather
- Why is the Earth the temperature it is
- The Greenhouse Effect
- 2 ways human activity is adding CO2 to the atmosphere
- DEFORESTATION The importance of plants
- What will an increase in global temperature averages do MORE
- Drier conditions in the Central US
- Farming
- A More Extreme Water Cycle will effect
- What will the increase in temperature cause
- Effecting the Oceans
- What can you do to reduce greenhouse gases
- The temperature on Earth has changed many times throughout itrsquos
- How do scientists know what the level of Carbon dioxide was in
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Overview of climate change epa
- Movement of air around earth
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to (2)
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-
Question 1) define convection movement of heat through air or water Warm air rises it expands and cools Cold air moves in to replace the rising warm air The cool air will then be heated and rise too 2) When is the land warming up faster than water During the dayWhat is warm airs density _low density______
3) Describe how the color of the ground can cause local winds Dark soils heat faster then light colored soil green fields forests Air above dark colored ground will rise to be replaced by cool air from the forests or fields
4) If the earth didnrsquot rotate describe what the global wind patterns would be like The earth would have 2 giant convection currents From the cold north and south poles the air would become dense and sink moving toward the equator then heat and rising moving back to the pole 5) Since the earth does rotate causing the Coriolis Effect how many different patterns of wind convection currents are there in the northern hemisphere 3 What are they called The easterlies move from the east to the west The westerlies move from the west to the east The trade winds move from the east to the west 6) What happens where the Westerlies meet the Easterlies in North America Weather changes are common where the two air masses meet
7) Draw the earth with arrows showing the predominant winds and label their names
bull During the day the land heats faster then the water becoming warmer then the water
bull The hot air above land become less dense and rises
bull The cool air above the water will become more dense and sink
bull This pattern causes cool air from the water over to blow over the land
bull At night the land cools faster then the water the land will become colder then the water
bull This cold air above land will become more dense and sink
bull The hot air above the water will become less dense and rise
bull This pattern causes cool air from the land to blow over the water 6 minute lecture convection current sea breeze and land breeze
httpwwwbingcomvideossearchq=land+breeze+sea+breeze+videoampFORM=VIRE11view=detailampmid=D95C8834DFF47CEDDE95D95C8834DFF47CEDDE95
2 minute video high pressure low pressurehttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=ZQV72Yzmjyc
bull Warm air with low density will rise creating an area of low air pressure
bull Cold air with high density will sink creating an area of high air pressure
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- What causes the seasons Quiz
- Seasons quiz continued
- Seasons quiz continued (2)
- Seasons quiz continued (3)
- Seasons quiz continued (4)
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- What causes the seasons
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- What causes the seasons Continued
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Using the solar demonstrator
- Is there a difference between GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE and GLOBA
- Weather Vs Climate
- Weather
- Why is the Earth the temperature it is
- The Greenhouse Effect
- 2 ways human activity is adding CO2 to the atmosphere
- DEFORESTATION The importance of plants
- What will an increase in global temperature averages do MORE
- Drier conditions in the Central US
- Farming
- A More Extreme Water Cycle will effect
- What will the increase in temperature cause
- Effecting the Oceans
- What can you do to reduce greenhouse gases
- The temperature on Earth has changed many times throughout itrsquos
- How do scientists know what the level of Carbon dioxide was in
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Overview of climate change epa
- Movement of air around earth
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to (2)
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-
4) If the earth didnrsquot rotate describe what the global wind patterns would be like The earth would have 2 giant convection currents From the cold north and south poles the air would become dense and sink moving toward the equator then heat and rising moving back to the pole 5) Since the earth does rotate causing the Coriolis Effect how many different patterns of wind convection currents are there in the northern hemisphere 3 What are they called The easterlies move from the east to the west The westerlies move from the west to the east The trade winds move from the east to the west 6) What happens where the Westerlies meet the Easterlies in North America Weather changes are common where the two air masses meet
7) Draw the earth with arrows showing the predominant winds and label their names
bull During the day the land heats faster then the water becoming warmer then the water
bull The hot air above land become less dense and rises
bull The cool air above the water will become more dense and sink
bull This pattern causes cool air from the water over to blow over the land
bull At night the land cools faster then the water the land will become colder then the water
bull This cold air above land will become more dense and sink
bull The hot air above the water will become less dense and rise
bull This pattern causes cool air from the land to blow over the water 6 minute lecture convection current sea breeze and land breeze
httpwwwbingcomvideossearchq=land+breeze+sea+breeze+videoampFORM=VIRE11view=detailampmid=D95C8834DFF47CEDDE95D95C8834DFF47CEDDE95
2 minute video high pressure low pressurehttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=ZQV72Yzmjyc
bull Warm air with low density will rise creating an area of low air pressure
bull Cold air with high density will sink creating an area of high air pressure
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- What causes the seasons Quiz
- Seasons quiz continued
- Seasons quiz continued (2)
- Seasons quiz continued (3)
- Seasons quiz continued (4)
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- What causes the seasons
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- What causes the seasons Continued
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Using the solar demonstrator
- Is there a difference between GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE and GLOBA
- Weather Vs Climate
- Weather
- Why is the Earth the temperature it is
- The Greenhouse Effect
- 2 ways human activity is adding CO2 to the atmosphere
- DEFORESTATION The importance of plants
- What will an increase in global temperature averages do MORE
- Drier conditions in the Central US
- Farming
- A More Extreme Water Cycle will effect
- What will the increase in temperature cause
- Effecting the Oceans
- What can you do to reduce greenhouse gases
- The temperature on Earth has changed many times throughout itrsquos
- How do scientists know what the level of Carbon dioxide was in
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Overview of climate change epa
- Movement of air around earth
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to (2)
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-
7) Draw the earth with arrows showing the predominant winds and label their names
bull During the day the land heats faster then the water becoming warmer then the water
bull The hot air above land become less dense and rises
bull The cool air above the water will become more dense and sink
bull This pattern causes cool air from the water over to blow over the land
bull At night the land cools faster then the water the land will become colder then the water
bull This cold air above land will become more dense and sink
bull The hot air above the water will become less dense and rise
bull This pattern causes cool air from the land to blow over the water 6 minute lecture convection current sea breeze and land breeze
httpwwwbingcomvideossearchq=land+breeze+sea+breeze+videoampFORM=VIRE11view=detailampmid=D95C8834DFF47CEDDE95D95C8834DFF47CEDDE95
2 minute video high pressure low pressurehttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=ZQV72Yzmjyc
bull Warm air with low density will rise creating an area of low air pressure
bull Cold air with high density will sink creating an area of high air pressure
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- What causes the seasons Quiz
- Seasons quiz continued
- Seasons quiz continued (2)
- Seasons quiz continued (3)
- Seasons quiz continued (4)
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- What causes the seasons
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- What causes the seasons Continued
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Using the solar demonstrator
- Is there a difference between GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE and GLOBA
- Weather Vs Climate
- Weather
- Why is the Earth the temperature it is
- The Greenhouse Effect
- 2 ways human activity is adding CO2 to the atmosphere
- DEFORESTATION The importance of plants
- What will an increase in global temperature averages do MORE
- Drier conditions in the Central US
- Farming
- A More Extreme Water Cycle will effect
- What will the increase in temperature cause
- Effecting the Oceans
- What can you do to reduce greenhouse gases
- The temperature on Earth has changed many times throughout itrsquos
- How do scientists know what the level of Carbon dioxide was in
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Overview of climate change epa
- Movement of air around earth
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to (2)
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-
bull During the day the land heats faster then the water becoming warmer then the water
bull The hot air above land become less dense and rises
bull The cool air above the water will become more dense and sink
bull This pattern causes cool air from the water over to blow over the land
bull At night the land cools faster then the water the land will become colder then the water
bull This cold air above land will become more dense and sink
bull The hot air above the water will become less dense and rise
bull This pattern causes cool air from the land to blow over the water 6 minute lecture convection current sea breeze and land breeze
httpwwwbingcomvideossearchq=land+breeze+sea+breeze+videoampFORM=VIRE11view=detailampmid=D95C8834DFF47CEDDE95D95C8834DFF47CEDDE95
2 minute video high pressure low pressurehttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=ZQV72Yzmjyc
bull Warm air with low density will rise creating an area of low air pressure
bull Cold air with high density will sink creating an area of high air pressure
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- What causes the seasons Quiz
- Seasons quiz continued
- Seasons quiz continued (2)
- Seasons quiz continued (3)
- Seasons quiz continued (4)
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- What causes the seasons
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- What causes the seasons Continued
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Using the solar demonstrator
- Is there a difference between GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE and GLOBA
- Weather Vs Climate
- Weather
- Why is the Earth the temperature it is
- The Greenhouse Effect
- 2 ways human activity is adding CO2 to the atmosphere
- DEFORESTATION The importance of plants
- What will an increase in global temperature averages do MORE
- Drier conditions in the Central US
- Farming
- A More Extreme Water Cycle will effect
- What will the increase in temperature cause
- Effecting the Oceans
- What can you do to reduce greenhouse gases
- The temperature on Earth has changed many times throughout itrsquos
- How do scientists know what the level of Carbon dioxide was in
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Overview of climate change epa
- Movement of air around earth
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to (2)
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-
bull Warm air with low density will rise creating an area of low air pressure
bull Cold air with high density will sink creating an area of high air pressure
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- What causes the seasons Quiz
- Seasons quiz continued
- Seasons quiz continued (2)
- Seasons quiz continued (3)
- Seasons quiz continued (4)
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- What causes the seasons
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- What causes the seasons Continued
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Using the solar demonstrator
- Is there a difference between GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE and GLOBA
- Weather Vs Climate
- Weather
- Why is the Earth the temperature it is
- The Greenhouse Effect
- 2 ways human activity is adding CO2 to the atmosphere
- DEFORESTATION The importance of plants
- What will an increase in global temperature averages do MORE
- Drier conditions in the Central US
- Farming
- A More Extreme Water Cycle will effect
- What will the increase in temperature cause
- Effecting the Oceans
- What can you do to reduce greenhouse gases
- The temperature on Earth has changed many times throughout itrsquos
- How do scientists know what the level of Carbon dioxide was in
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Overview of climate change epa
- Movement of air around earth
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to (2)
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- What causes the seasons Quiz
- Seasons quiz continued
- Seasons quiz continued (2)
- Seasons quiz continued (3)
- Seasons quiz continued (4)
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- What causes the seasons
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- What causes the seasons Continued
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Using the solar demonstrator
- Is there a difference between GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE and GLOBA
- Weather Vs Climate
- Weather
- Why is the Earth the temperature it is
- The Greenhouse Effect
- 2 ways human activity is adding CO2 to the atmosphere
- DEFORESTATION The importance of plants
- What will an increase in global temperature averages do MORE
- Drier conditions in the Central US
- Farming
- A More Extreme Water Cycle will effect
- What will the increase in temperature cause
- Effecting the Oceans
- What can you do to reduce greenhouse gases
- The temperature on Earth has changed many times throughout itrsquos
- How do scientists know what the level of Carbon dioxide was in
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Overview of climate change epa
- Movement of air around earth
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to
- Draw a punk stick smoke and arrows on the convection tube to (2)
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-